东方大学英语四级阅读辅导.ppt

大学英语四级备考,深度阅读篇,四大题型的解法,2,3,4,细节题的解法,细节题是四级深度阅读部分中出现频率最高的题型。细节题的题目特征是：针对文章的局部细节进行提问，要求考生对细节内容进行把握。细节题的正确选项与原文之间应该是同义替换的关系。我们在前面讲过，同义替换的类型包括对应性同义替换、取反性同义替换、解释性同义替换和归纳性同义替换四种形式。,ANWR北极国家野生动物保护区 Arctic National Wildlife Refugetap塞子,龙头,割打开取放液体 beneath在的下方,在的底下barrel一桶（的量）；桶（石油计量单位，相当于159 升）Independence独立,练习前的词汇积累,Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge(保护区)(ANWR)to help secure Americas energy future?President Bush certainly thinks so.He has argued that tapping ANWRsoil would help ease Californias electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the countrys energy independence.But no one knows for sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth.With the last government survey,conducted in 1998,projecting output anywhere from 3 billion to 16 billion barrels.,21.What does President Bush think of tapping oil in ANWR?A)It will exhaust the nations oil reserves.B)It will help secure the future of ANWR.C)It will help reduce the nations oil imports.D)It will increase Americas energy consumption,解析：,布什总统认为肯定有，他认为，开发保护区内的石油有助于缓解加州的电力危机，并能极大地促进国家能源的自主性。正确选项与原文之间构成取反性同义替换关系：Independence(独立)-而oil import则表示对国外的石油有dependence(依赖)。故选C,tricky机警的;足智多谋的,微妙的;难处理的apology道歉render 致使，报答，归还，给予Ineffective无效果的,未能产生预期效果的,不起作用的,练习前的词汇积累,If you want to teach your children how to say sorry,you must be good at saying it yourself,especially to your own children.But how you say it can be quite tricky.If you say to your children“Im sorry I got angry with you,but”what follows that“but”can render the apology ineffective:“I had a bad day”or“your noise was giving me a headache”leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology.,If a mother adds but to an apology,_.A)she doesnt feel that she should have apologizedB)she does not realize that the child has been hurtC)the child may find the apology easier to acceptD)the child may feel that he owes her an apology,细节理解题。参见第二段可知，如果你对孩子说“对不起我对你发脾气了，但是”，那么“但是”后面考试大的内容，如：“我今天不高兴”，“你的吵闹声让我头痛”，会使道歉变得无效，而且让受到伤害的人觉得应该为自己的错误行为道歉。故选D)。,解析：,Word List 额外成就感,annualathletedomesticrevealantibodyclarifysloganstimulatesignificant,a.每年的，年度的n.运动员a.本国的；家庭的v.显示，揭露n.抗体v.澄清，阐明n.标语，口号v.刺激，激励a.重要的，有意义的,返回,主旨题的解法,主旨题主要是通过设置需要判断文章大意的题目，考查考生对文章意思全局性的理解。其提问形式主要包括以下四种：1.对文章主要内容进行提问。2.对作者的写作意图进行提问。3.对适合文章的标题进行提问。4.对文章的来源进行提问。,What is the main idea of the passage?Which of the following sentences best express the main idea?What is the main subject of the passage?The paragraph mainly discuss _.The passage is primarily concerned with _.The paragraphpassage informs us that _.The best summary of the paragraphpassage is that _.,主旨问题：,What is the main purpose of the passage?This passage is intended to _.What is the authors main purpose in the passage?What is the authors attitude toward?,写作意图问题：,The best title for this passage is _.A suitable title for this passage would be _.What would be the most appropriate title for the passage?The title that best expresses the main idea is _.The passage could be entitled“_”.,标题问题：,来源问题：The text is taken from _.,主旨题一般放到最后来做。在解答其他题目的过程中，可以对文章的意思有更深入的了解，在此基础上，也能对文章的主旨把握得更准确到位，解题时也更为容易。主旨题的正确选项中一般含有在文章中出现频率最高的主题名词。主旨题的错误选项说的一般为文章的局部细节。,解答主旨题时要注意以下三点：,Word List 额外成就感,hormonemilitarycontributedepositdominateetiquetteultimateviolentvolcano,n.荷尔蒙，激素a.军事的，军人的；n.军队v.贡献，捐助v.存放，堆积；n.押金v.控制，支配n.礼仪，礼节a.最后的，根本的a.粗暴的，剧烈的n.火山,返回,态度题提问的是作者或某人对某事物的态度，一般题干中有attitude,think of,viewas,consideras,in sb.s opinion等表达。做态度题，要注意以下几点：看题干问的是“谁”的态度。看题干问的是对“什么事物”的态度。态度的判断可通过原文中使用的形容词或副词来推断，但有时候原文中的动词或名词也能提示态度是积极、消极还是中立。,态度题的解法,Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole nights sleep or a three-day vacation.I dont know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children.But couples who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild.Raising children,in the authors opinion is _.A.a moral dutyB.a thankless jobC.a rewarding taskD.a source of inevitable pain,依据文章第4段第1句“带有婴儿的父母要是能睡上一整晚觉或度一个三天的假日，那真是太幸运了。在我认识的人中，不会有人用fun（好玩）来描述他们抚养孩子的感受”，似乎会认为作者的意图是B项（出力不讨好，毫无回报的事）或D项（不可避免的痛苦来源）。实际上，作者真实想法应在第2句中体现：但是决定不生孩子的夫妻永远也体会不到看着孩子成长以及和孙子玩耍的那种乐趣、那种欣喜。这种乐趣、欣喜实际就是一种回报。所以选项C正确。,Word List 额外成就感,scalevisionexaggeratefierceignoreillusionindifferentloyaltywitness,n.规模；等级n.视力；想象（力）v.夸张，夸大a.猛烈的，残忍的v.忽略，忽视n.幻觉，错觉a.漠不关心的，中立的n.忠诚，忠心n.目击者，见证人,返回,推断题的出题特点是：要求考生在理解文章字面意思的基础上，根据逻辑关系或修辞关系，判断作者真正要传达的意思。题干中往往含有：infer,conclude,suggest,imply,can be learned from 等含有“暗示”意思的表述。,推断题的解法,defense/fencen.防卫,防卫物 v.抵御survey调查；检查,鉴定 merely只不过，仅仅current现在的,现行的；水流,气流；趋向,趋势 limestone石灰岩,练习前的词汇积累,Angry owners have called on the Government to erect sea defenses to protect their homes.Government surveyors have pointed out that in most cases,this is impossible.New sea walls would cost hundreds of millions of pounds and would merely make the waves and currents go further along the coast,shifting the problem from one area to another.The danger is likely to continue,they say,until the waves reach an inland area of hard rock which will not be eaten as limestone is.Meanwhile,if you want to buy a cheap house with an uncertain future,apply to a house agent in one of the threatened areas on the south coast of England.You can get a house for a knockdown price but it may turn out to be a knockdown home.,14.It is not feasible to build sea defenses to protect against erosion because _.A)house agents along the coast do not support the idea B)it is too costly and will endanger neighboring areas C)the government is too slow in taking action D)they will be easily knocked down by waves and currents 15.According to the author,when buying a house along the south coast of England,people should _.A)take the quality of the house into consideration B)guard against being cheated by the house agent C)examine the house carefully before making a decision D)be aware of the potential danger involved,14.B 本题为细节理解题。文中最后一段提到，愤怒的建筑物所有者要求政府建造防水护墙来保护他们的家园。而政府勘测员则指出这几乎不可能。原因有两点：一是建防水墙耗资巨大；二是即使建成了防水墙，也只会使波浪和水流沿着海岸线前进，从而使侵蚀从一个地方转移到另一个地方。故答案为 B。15.D 本题属于推断题。在文章结尾，作者幽默地说到如果你想买一幢前途不定的房子，那就向英国南海岸危险地区的售房代理商提出申请。可能你会买到价格最低的房子，但是，房子最终可能会被海水破坏。文中的 knockdown 一语双关。a knockdown price 意为“最低的价格”；a knockdown home 意为“坍塌的家”。作者的言下之意很明显是在提醒人们注意隐患。故正确答案为 D。,四级阅读常见熟词僻义,examinationfineforeigngenerallong(for)leadingsentencesoundwill,n.审视n.罚款a.陌生的n.将军v.渴望a.主要的n.刑罚 v.判刑a.正确的；健康的n.遗嘱,