专业英语-中药部分-专英cha.ppt

Monograph in Pharmacopoeia,药典中的各论,Chapter 6,中药（2165）药材及饮片 植物油脂和提取物 成方制剂和单味制剂,化学药品 化学药品 抗生素 生化药品 放射性药品 药用辅料,生物制品,2010版药典,Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma 人 参,人参赞三桠五叶，背阳向阴；欲来求我，椴树相寻。,Ginseng is the dried root and rhizoma of Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.(Fam.Araliaceae).The drug derived from the cultivated form is known as“Yuanshen”(garden ginseng)and the drug derived from the wild origin is known as“Linxia Shanshen”(Zihai).The drug is collected in autumn and washed clean.,本品为五加科植物人参Panaxginseng C.A.Mey.的干燥根和根茎。多于秋季采挖，洗净经晒干或烘干。栽培的俗称“园参”；播种在山林野生状态下自然生长的称“林下山参”，习称“籽海”。,Origin,植(动)物来源的药材的来源部分的一般译法为:药材英文名称 is the 药用部位(名词单数)of 植(动)物拉丁学名属名和种(变种)加词为斜体字(科名).例：It is the dried root of Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao or Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.,family Leguminosae.,本品为豆科植物蒙古黄芪Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao或膜荚黄芪Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.的干燥根。,药材的采收与产地加工部分的一般译法为:用The drug作主语，单数。用被动语态，不用主动语态。,“采收”用“to be collected”(不用“to be picked”，“to be dug up”等)。“除去杂质”等(名词单数)用“removed from foreign matter”,“洗净”用“washed clean”,“干燥”用“dried”，“晒干”为“dried in the sun”，“阴干”为“dried in the shade”,“低温干燥”为“dried at a lower temperature”。“栽培变种”为“cultivar”。“泥砂”为“soil”。“须根.细根”：“fibrous root”用于单子叶植物、根茎上的不定根，“rootlet”用于双子叶植物主根上的细小侧根、支根。,例1 The drug is collected in autumn,removed from foreign matter,washed clean,and dried in the sun.例2 The drug is collected at flowering to fruiting stage,removed from thick stem,cut into section,and dried.(注:中国药典2005年版一部英文版药用部位采用名词单数,如stem,leaf,fibrous root,rootlet等).,Description,性 状,sparse 稀疏的 shallow 浅的interrupted 间断的 coarse 粗糙的 slender 细长的inconspicuous 不显著的minute 微小的tubercle 疣状粒adventitious 不定的,starchy 粉性的cambium 形成层bark 皮部 resin canal 树脂道slender 细长的inconspicuous 不显著的annulation 环，环纹wart 疣reclinate 下垂的,fusiform 纺锤形 cylindrical 圆柱形Rhomboid 菱形,芦（根茎）,艼（不定根）,身（主根）,腿（较粗的支根）,须（较细的支根）,疣状突起（珍珠疙瘩）,Main roots fusiform or cylindrical,3-15 cm long,1-2 cm in diameter;externally the upper part the lower part Rhizomes Texture fracture cambium ring bark Odour taste,性状描述是按照一定的顺序进行的,与植物形态、性状、组织有关的术语,性状常用词汇：(1)根root须根 fibrous roots侧根 rootlets根头 root stock根冠 root cap根毛 root hairs主根 main root，principal root支根 branch root气生根 aerial root水生根 water root寄生根 parasitic root圆锥状 conical圆柱状 cylindrical纺锤状 fusiform块状 tuberous残基 remains of,根茎 rhizome鳞茎 bulbs球茎 corms块茎 tubers走茎 runner,stolon去皮的 peeled未去皮的 unpeeled完整的 whole块片状的 sliced茎痕 stem scars根痕 root scars,(2)茎stem芽 buds木 wood心材 heartwood边材 sapwood年轮 annual rings假年轮 false annual rings纹理(木材)striation(s),line(s)辐射状排列 showing a radiate arrangement髓 medulla枝条 ramulus,与植物性状有关的术语,(3)切面观 in section折断面 fracture横切面 transverse section纵切面 longitudinal section表面观 surface view质坚硬 texture hard质松脆 lax and fragile,short不平坦 uneven易折断的 easily broken易弯曲的 flexible角质样的 horny粉质的 mealy,starchy粘性的 viscous星点 star spots,(4)外表external(ly+adj.)包围,围绕 surrounded with基部连生 accreted at base无柄或具短柄 sessile or short petioled絮状毛茸 flocky hairs脂肪光泽 fatty luster微有光泽 somewhat lustrous半透明的 translucent裂缝 cracks皱缩 wrinkles环纹 annulations较 relatively+adj.近、类 sub-,近三角形 subtriangular类圆形 subrounded类多角形 subpolygonal近方形 subsquare斜方形 rhombic新月形 crescent味淡 weak气微 slight类白色 almost white淡棕红色 pale brownish-red芳香的 aromatic辛辣的 pungent深色 dark,deep,（1）打碎：break to pieces（2）洗净泥土：wash或wash clean（3）霉：mould（4）蛀：moth（5）沸水中略烫：treated with boiling water for a moment（6）除去杂质：eliminate foreign matter（7）在开水中煮十分钟：boil in water for ten minutes.（8）防曝晒：protected from exposure to strong sun light.（9）润透：soften(thoroughly)或moisten(thoroughly).（10）至颜色变深：until a deep colour is produced.（11）晾干：dry in the air 阴干：dry in the shade 晒干：dry in the sun,炮制常用词汇,在中国药典中药材、制剂中出现的炮制品，均用被动态，即其过去分词形式。,Identification 鉴 别,Microscopical Characters,Physical and Chemical Identification,Transverse section,Powder,Thin layer chromotography,cork 木栓层phelloderm 栓内层phloem 韧皮部cambium形成层xylem:ray、vessels木质部：射线、导管parenchymatous cells薄壁细胞,colour 颜色resin canal 树脂道clusters of calcium oxalate 草酸钙簇晶cork cell木栓细胞 vessels:Reticulated and scalariform 导管：网纹、梯纹starch granules 淀粉粒,木栓层为数列细胞。栓内层窄。韧皮部外侧有裂隙，内侧薄壁细胞排列较紧密，有树脂道散在，内含黄色分泌物,形成层成环。木射线宽广，导管单个或数个相聚，断续排列成放射状，导管旁偶有非木化的纤维。薄壁细胞中含有草酸钙簇晶。,Transverse section,Cork 木栓层,Cortex 皮层,Phloem 韧皮部,Cambium形成层,Xylem 木质部,powder,粉末黄白色。树脂道碎片易见，含黄色块状分泌物。草酸钙簇晶,棱角锐尖。木栓细胞类方形或多角形，壁波状弯曲。网纹导管、梯纹导管直径 淀粉粒甚多，单粒类球形、半圆形或不规则多角形，脐点点状或裂缝状；复粒由26分粒组成。,Physical and Chemical Identification 理化鉴别,To 1g of the powder add 40 ml of chloroform,取本品粉末1g，加三氯甲烷40ml,对照品：用“对照品名”加“CRS”表示。;CRS：chemical reference substances对照药材（对照药材溶液）用reference drug（reference drug solution）;供试品溶液 用test solution,中国药典将标准品(Reference standards)和对照品(chemical reference substances)区分开来，美国药典、欧洲药典、英国药典中CRS是指chemical reference substances，,Carry out the method for thin layer chromatograghy(Appendix B),using silica gel G as the coating substance(500m thick)and the lower layer of a mixture of chloroform,ethyl acetate,methanol and water(15:40:22:10),standing below 10,as the mobile phase.Apply separately to the plate 1-2l of each of the above three solutions.,照薄层色谱法（附录 B）试验，吸取上述3种溶液（供试品溶液，对照药材溶液和对照品溶液）各1-2l，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水(15:40:22:10)10以下放置的下层溶液为展开剂，,After developing and removal of the plate,dry in air,spray with a 10%solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol,heat at 105 to the spots clear.Examine in daylight and under ultraviolet light at 365nm.,以三氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水(15:40:22:10)10以下放置的下层溶液为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105加热至斑点显色清晰，分别至日光和紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。,The spots or fluorescent spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots or fluorescent spots in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug solution and the reference solution.,供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，分别显相同颜色的斑点或荧光斑点。,F11RfRg1RdReRcRb2Rb1,Assay 含量测定,Chromatographic system and system suitability 色谱条件与系统适用性试验,Reference solution 对照品溶液的制备,Test solution 供试品溶液的制备,Procedure 测定法,Chromatographic system and system suitability 色谱条件与系统适用性试验,以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈为流动相A，以水为流动相B，按下表中的规定进行梯度洗脱；检测波长为203nm。理论塔板数按人参皂苷Rg1峰计算应不低于6000。,Reference solution 对照品溶液的制备,精密称取人参皂苷Rg1对照品、人参皂苷Re对照品、人参皂苷Rb1对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml各含0.2mg的混合溶液，摇匀，即得。,Test solution 供试品溶液的制备,取本品粉末（过四号筛）约1g，精密称定，置索氏提取器中，加三氯甲烷加热回流3小时，弃去三氯甲烷液，药渣挥干溶剂，连同滤纸筒移入100ml锥形瓶中，精密加水饱和正丁醇50ml，密塞，放置过夜，超声处理（功率250W，频率50kHz）30分钟，滤过，弃去初滤液，精密量取续滤液25ml，置蒸发皿中蒸干，残渣加甲醇溶解并转移至5ml容量瓶中，加甲醇稀释至刻度，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。,Procedure 测定法,分别精密吸取对照品溶液10l与供试品溶液1020l，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。,本品按干燥品计算，含人参皂苷Rg1（C42H72O14）和人参皂苷Re（C48H82O18）的总量不得少于0.30%，人参皂苷Rb1（C54H92O23）不得少于0.20%。,ChP,EP,JP,