专业八级之主谓一致.ppt

主谓一致,八级改错辅导,一.主语后有以along with,as well as,except,in addition to,instead of,rather than,together with,with,like,but,no less than 等引起的介词短语或其他从属结构时，动词的数不受影响。,Jennie as well as William and Mary was in mourning.2.My brother rather than my parents is going to attend the meeting.,二.主语受each或every修饰时，动词用单数形式。注意，如果前面有each 或every,即使主语包含几个名词，动词也用单数形式。1.Each seat was covered with white lace cover.2.Each book and magazine is listed on the card catalog.,但如果each 用在复数名词或代词后做主语的同位语时，动词要用复数形式。,They each play several instruments.,三.Each,either,(a)little much,neither,one等做主语时，一般和单数动词连用,Each of us has a company car.Ive tried on both dresses,but neither fits me.Either of the plans is equally dangerous.Much of the time was wasted.Little remains to be done about it.,改错,More than one person is involved in this thing.Many a famous pop singer have been ruined by drugs.Many a famous pop singer have been ruined by drugs.has,练习,It became necessary to involve every man,woman and child who _(was,were)willing to help.The president,as well as his assistants _(has,have)left for Washington.The presence of stones and gravel on the riverbed _(suggests,suggest)the water is fast flowing.,It became necessary to involve every man,woman and child who _(was,were)willing to help.The president,as well as his assistants _(has,have)left for Washington.The presence of stones and gravel on the riverbed _(suggests,suggest)the water is fast flowing.,练习,Neither of the rooms _(is,are)very big,but both of them _(is are)cool and airy.Neither of the rooms _(is,are)very big,but both of them _(is are)cool and airy.No one but myself _(knows,know)what really happened.No one but myself _(knows,know)what really happened.,练习,Either of the young ladies _(is,are)perfectly qualified to teach English.Either of the young ladies _(is,are)perfectly qualified to teach English.Many a boy _(learns,learn)to swim before they can read.Many a boy _(learns,learn)to swim before they can read.,练习,The plane crashed shortly after take-off,and everyone on board,including the pilot and his crewmates,_(was,were)killed.The plane crashed shortly after take-off,and everyone on board,including the pilot and his crewmates,_(was,were)killed.,改错,Mr.Black,accompanied by his wife and his daughters,are arriving tonight.Mr.Black,accompanied by his wife and his daughters,are arriving tonight.is,改错,The problem with both of these proposals are that they are hopelessly impractical.The problem with both of these proposals are that they are hopelessly impractical.is,四.there be 存在句，遵照就近原则,There are a dozen reasons why we should support this action.There was a sofa and two chairs.另外，由here 引导的句子，形式上与 there be 句型要求一样Here comes John.Here is the pound I owe you.,五.有些复数名词，如cattle,people,police,poultry,clergy等复数名词后接复数动词,The peoples of Africa are awakening.Poultry is cheaper than meat at the moment.The poultry have been fed.另外，某些形容词或分词前面加了定冠词后，可泛指一类人，后用复数动词。The unemployed are losing hope.,练习,The wounded _(was,were)removed from the field after the battle.The wounded _(was,were)removed from the field after the battle.Some cattle _(was,were)peacefully grazing between the forest and the river.Some cattle _(was,were)peacefully grazing between the forest and the river.,六.有些名词看上去是复数，其实是单数，如news,upstairs及一些学科名词。,There isnt much news in todays newspaper.The upstairs of this house is all new.The quickest means of travel is by plane.All means have been tried out to increase the production.另外，means 可作财产讲，要用复数动词 Her means are small.,The United States is a big country.类似的有联合国（the United Nations），荷兰(the Netherlands)。Eight hours of sleep _(is,are)enough.Eight hours of sleep _(is,are)enough.Fifteen miles _(is,are)a long way to walk.Fifteen miles _(is,are)a long way to walk.表示时间，金钱，距离等数量或数额的名词短语，虽然形式上是复数，但通常把他们看成一个整体，用单数动词。,练习,News _(is,are)coming in from Australia that storms have caused a great deal of damage along the east side of the country.News _(is,are)coming in from Australia that storms have caused a great deal of damage along the east side of the country.,练习,The ethics of his action _(is,are)doubtful,but technically he is within the law.The ethics of his action _(is,are)doubtful,but technically he is within the law.The first crossroads _(forms,form)a checkpoint where they ask to see our passports.The first crossroads _(forms,form)a checkpoint where they ask to see our passports.At the bottom of the hill there _(is,are)some dangerous crossroads.At the bottom of the hill there _(is,are)some dangerous crossroads.,七.表示服装和其它穿戴的复数名词（glasses,jeans,overalls,shorts,pants,spectacles,trousers等），指工具和其他器物的复数名词（clippers,compasses,scissors,pliers），后跟复数动词。,There stands a pair of scales on the table by the window.Two pairs of pliers,one large and one small,are missing from the toolbox.这些名词的数通常由单位词 pair(s)of 来表示，此时所随动词的数要与单位词一致。注意：如果动词出现在随后的关系从句中，仍要用复数形式。He wore a pair of black trousers,which were a little too long for him.,练习,This pair of scissors _(is,are)not strong enough to cut through the wire.This pair of scissors _(is,are)not strong enough to cut through the wire.He wore a pair of earphones,which_(was,were)plugged into a tape-recorder.He wore a pair of earphones,which_(was,were)plugged into a tape-recorder.,八.一些表示数量的词，如：all of,any of,enough of,half of,a lot of,most of,none of,plenty of,some of,the remainder of,the rest of 可与可数名词，不可数名词或代词连用。此时，动词数要与of 后的名词或代词一致。表示分数或百分数的结构，如：two thirds of,ten percent of；表示“许许多多”的结构如：“masses of,heaps of,piles of,tons of,loads of”也依此规则。但是：amounts of,quantities of后通常随复数动词，尽管of后是不可数名词。如：Very large quantities of aid were needed.,改错,A series of debates between the major candidates were scheduled for the Labor Day weekend.A series of debates between the major candidates were scheduled for the Labor Day weekend.wasThis set of books cost over a hundred of dollars.This set of books cost over a hundred of dollars.costs,注意：由单位词加of构成的词组，如：a mass of,a load of,a heap of,a pile of,a portion of,a series of,a set of,a stack of 等引起主语时，动词通常用单数。如果单位词为复数，随后的动词也用复数。Two loads of gravel have just arrived.,改错,In order to promote the sales,large amounts of money has been spent on advertising.In order to promote the sales,large amounts of money has been spent on advertising.haveLoads of sand were dumped by the roadside so that there was hardly any space for two cars to pass.Loads of sand were dumped by the roadside so that there was hardly any space for two cars to pass.was,九.由or或either or,neither nor,not onlybut also连接的并列结构，谓语动词遵照就近原则。He or his brothers were to blame.Neither you nor he is wrong.All his time and money has been wasted.注意：由and连接的两个不可数名词前带限定词all时，随后的动词用单数。,十.以不定式,动名词短语或从句做主语时，随后的动词通常用单数形式。To climb mountains requires courage.Playing chess is one of my interests.What caused the accident and who was responsible for it are not yet clear.His muscles were wasting away,and what were left were flabby.,He is one of those who always come first.He was the only one of them who was willing to help.在“one of+关系从句”结构中，one的前面有the(only)，动词要用单数。,练习,Watering the flowers and looking after the children _(is,are)all she has to do every day.Watering the flowers and looking after the children _(is,are)all she has to do every day.Sitting and talking to old friends_(is,are)a pleasant way to spend an evening.Sitting and talking to old friends_(is,are)a pleasant way to spend an evening.,练习,Neither my wife nor I myself_able to teach my daughter to sing English songs.A.has been B.is C.are D.am,His family _all very kind and friendly.His family _a happy one.A.are,is B.is,is C.are,are D.is,are,The children in this class each _new books.A.have B.has C.has got D.are having,The number of the students in our university _12000.A.is B.are C.has D.have,改错,The English speaker has at his disposal a vocabulary and a set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his thoughts and feelings.,The English speaker has at his disposal a vocabulary and a set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his thoughts and feelings.enable,改错,The ways in which universities make themselves attractive to students include soft majors,student evaluations of teachers,giving students a governance role,and eliminate required courses.,The ways in which universities make themselves attractive to students include soft majors,student evaluations of teachers,giving students a governance role,and eliminate required courses.eliminating,Thank you,