《系统解剖学》教学资料头骨.ppt
湖北医药学院解剖教研室,The Skull,彭 兴 春 Department of AnatomyHubei University of Medicine,湖北医药学院解剖教研室,1.掌握颅的组成，脑颅、面颅的划分。2.掌握颅底内面观的主要结构。3.掌握眶、骨性鼻腔的形态特征。骨性鼻旁 窦的名称、位置及开口。4.掌握颅骨的常用骨性标志：眉弓、颧弓、下颌角、舌骨、乳突、枕外隆突。5.了解新生儿颅骨的特征及生后变化。,目的要求,湖北医药学院解剖教研室,The skull,The skull contains 23 bones.The skull is divided into two parts:cerebralcranium and facialCranium.,湖北医药学院解剖教研室,湖北医药学院解剖教研室,(一）The cranial skull,The cerebral cranium consists of eight cranial bones.,one frontal one ethmoid one sphenoid one occipital two parietal two temporal,湖北医药学院解剖教研室,(二）The facial cranium,The facial cranium are fifteen in number.,maxilla palatine paired zygomatic bones nasal lacrimal bones inferior nasal conchae vomer Unpaired mandible bones hyoid,湖北医药学院解剖教研室,1.The mandible,2.The hyoid,head of mandibleangle of mandible,湖北医药学院解剖教研室,(三）The whole view of the skull,1.The superior aspect of the skull,coronal suture sagittal suture lambdoid suture,2.The posterior aspect of the skull,external occipital protuberance superior nuchal line,湖北医药学院解剖教研室,3.The internal surface of the base of skull,It is divided into three fossa.These are the anterior,the middle and the posterior cranial fossa.,湖北医药学院解剖教研室,crista galli 鸡冠 cribriform plat 筛板 cribriform foramina 筛孔,(1)The anterior cranial fossa,湖北医药学院解剖教研室,(2)The middle cranial fossa,hypophysial fossa 垂体窝 optic canal anterior clinoid process前床突 dorsum sellae 鞍背 superior orbital fissure眶上裂 foramen lacerum 破裂孔 foramen rotundum 圆孔 foramen ovale 卵圆孔 foramen spinosum 棘孔 sulcus for middle meningeal artery 脑膜中动脉沟,湖北医药学院解剖教研室,foramen magnum 枕骨大孔 hypoglossal canal舌下神经管jugular foramen颈静脉孔 internal acoustic pore 内耳门,(3)The posterior cranial fossa,湖北医药学院解剖教研室,4.The external surface of the base of skull,alveolar arch 牙槽弓 posterior nasal apertures鼻后孔 occipital condyle 枕髁 hypoglossal canal舌下神经管外口 jugular foramen颈静脉孔 styloid process茎突 stylomastoid foramen 茎乳孔,湖北医药学院解剖教研室,5.The lateral view of skull,pterygopalatine fossa翼腭窝,external acoustic pore外耳门 mastoid process乳突 zygomatic arch temporal fossa颞窝 infratemporal fossa pterion 颞下窝,湖北医药学院解剖教研室,硬膜外出血,湖北医药学院解剖教研室,6.The front view of skull,(1)the forehead superciliary arch眉弓,(2)the orbits 眶 orbital opening 底 supraorbital foramen(notch)眶上孔/切迹 orbital apex尖:optic canal superior wall:lacrimal fossa泪腺窝 medial wall:lacrimal sac fossa泪囊窝,nasolacrimal canal,inferior wall:inferior orbital fissure眶下裂,inferior orbital foramen眶下孔 lateral wall:superior orbital fissure眶上裂,湖北医药学院解剖教研室,nasal septem 鼻中隔 superior middle conchae inferior superior middle meatus inferior sphenoethmoidal recess 蝶筛隐窝,(3)the bony nasal cavity,湖北医药学院解剖教研室,(4)the paranasal sinuses,the frontal sinuses,the ethmoidal sinuses,the sphenoidal sinuses,the maxillary sinuses,湖北医药学院解剖教研室,(四）The skull at birth,(5)the oral cavity,湖北医药学院解剖教研室,小 结,
