非谓语动词讲解课件.ppt

Nonfinite verbs,非谓语动词,1.to do 2.-ing 3.done,谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。它有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。e.g.He works.He takes care of the baby.He will go to Shanghai.He didnt go to Shanghai.He has gone to Shanghai.You are students.You look smart.,单谓语或动词短语,情态动词/助动词+v.,系动词+表语,非谓语：无人称，数的变化，不单独作谓语，但保留动词特点，可以有宾语或状语。e.g.He works.He wants to work here.He is working now.He has done his work.,非谓语,不定式（to do),V-ing,V-ed,as a noun,as adj.or adv.,现在分词,动名词,过去分词,非谓语动词 的分类,使用条件,一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时,这些动词就充当了非谓语动词.,非谓语动词的,Tom returned from the managers office,telling me that the boss wanted to see me at once.2.The news meeting,to be held in that hall,has already been crowded with reporters.3.I heard the girl singing in the classroom.4.The man talking with my father is Mr.Wang.5.To live is to struggle.(生活就是斗争。),找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）,高考热点,一、不定式与动名词做主语：1.动名词做主语往往表示泛指的、一般的行为;不定式 做主语常表示某次具体的行为或将来的动作。e.g.Climbing mountains is great fun.爬山很有趣。To visit China is my next goal.2.不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不 定式短语后置。e.g.It took me only five minutes to finish the job.3.动名词作主语有时用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句 尾。常见于以下句型中：Its use/good/fun Its useful/nice/useless e.g Its nice seeing you again.,辨析几类情况：,1._ a language requires time and effort.A.Learn B.Learning C.To learn D.Being learned2.It is not always easy _ invitations.A.to refuse B.refusing C.to be refused D.being refused3.How _ the problem will be discussed at tomorrows meeting.A.to solve B.to be solved C.being solved D.solving4.It _ forty-five minutes _ there by bus.A.cost,to get B.takes,getting C.takes,to get D.takes,to get to5.It is no good _.You should give_.A.to smoke,it up B.smoking,it up C.smoking,up it D.to smoke,up it,二、不定式与动名词做宾语：,1.下列动词后常跟不定式做宾语：want,wish,hope,expect,ask,afford,agree,choose,pretend,decide,happen,learn,offer,refuse,fail,plan,prepare,order,manage,promise,intend等。e.g.He agreed to get someone to help us.They promised not to break the school rules again.,只能接不定式作宾语的动词口诀：,决定想做计划需要同意能做被用来做的事 迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事,决定想做计划需要同意能做被用来做的事,decide to do sth.决定做某事 want would like to do sth.想做某事 plan to do sth.计划做某 need to do sth.需要做某事 agree to do sth.同意做某事 afford to do 能做某事 be used to do 被用来做,迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事,cant wait to do 迫不及待地要做某事 make up ones mind to do 下决心做某事 used to do 过去常常做某事 fail to do 未能做某事,2.在下列动词或动词短语后常用动名词做宾语：admit,advise,allow,avoid,bear,cannot help,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,give up,imagine.include,keep,keep on,mind,miss,put off,permit,practice,resist,risk,suggest,stand,insist on,be busy,be worth,feel like,cant stand,think of,dream of,be fond of,prevent(from),keepfrom,stop(from),protectfrom,be engaged in,spend(in),succeed in,admit to,be/get/become used to,be equal to,devoteto,get down to,look forward to,object to,stick to,take to,see to,lead to,pay attention to等。,只能接-ing作宾语的动词口诀：,喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习 错过建议保持介意值得考虑（押韵）,喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习,enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 spend.doing sth.花费做某事 be busy doing sth.忙于做 imagine sb.doing sth.想象做某事 cant help doing sth.忍不住做某事 feel like doing sth.想要做某事 finish doing sth.完成做某事 practice doing sth.练习做某事,miss doing sth.错过做某事 suggest doing sth.建议做某事 keep(on)doing sth.保持（继续）做某事 mind doing sth.介意做某事 be worth doing sth.值得做某事 consider doing sth.考虑做某事,错过建议保持介意值得考虑,介词+doing,常考介词:at,in,on of,off,for,from up,about,without to 等等,be good at doing sth 擅长做某事 be interested in doing sth.对做某事感兴趣 insist on doing 坚持做某事 be used for doing sth.被用来做某事 thank sb.for doing sth.谢谢某人做某事 be tired of doing sth.厌烦做某事 be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事,put off doing 推迟做某事stop sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事give up doing sth.放弃做某事without doing sth.没有做某事think about doing sth.考虑做某事What How about doing 做某事怎么样?,此to 非彼to,look forward to doing sth.（盼望）pay attention to doing sth.（注意）be used to doing sth.（习惯于）prefer doing sth to doing sth.（更喜欢）devote to doing sth（致力于）make a contribution to doing（做贡献）,特殊词精讲:,stop doing/to do,stop to do停下来去做另一件事，stop doing停止正在做的某事。Eg:他们停下来吸烟。They stop to smoke.我必须戒烟了 I must stop smoking.,forget to do忘记要去做某事，forget doing忘记做过某事。Eg：办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作The light in the office is still on.He forgot to turn it off.他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作）He forgot turning the light off.,forget doing/to do,remember doing/to do,remember to do 记得去做某事remember doing记得做过某事记着放学后去趟邮局。Remember to go to the post office after school.你不记得以前见过那个人吗?Dont you remember seeing the man before?,go on doing/to do,go on to do做了一件事后，接着做另一件事，go on doing继续做原来做的事。Eg：做完数学后，他接着去做物理。After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics.做完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习Go on doing other exercises after you have finished this one.,try doing/to do sth.,try to do sth.努力,尽力做某事Although maths is difficult,I will try to study it.try doing sth.试着做某事The machine couldnt work.Lets try repairing it.,小试牛刀,1.Now more and more people are busy_ about the Internet.A.learn B.to learn C.learning D.learned 2.-Its too hot.Would you mind _the door?-_.Please do it.A.to open;OK B.opening;Certainly not C.opening;Of course D.to open;Good idea 3.No matter how hard it is,well keep _ until we make it.A.failed B.failing C.tried D.trying,4.-Are you enjoying _in Ningbo?-Yes,we are.Very much.A.to live B.living C.lives D.lived 5 We couldnt help _(laugh)after we heard the funny story A.to laugh B.laughing C.laughs D.laughed,6.He gave us some advice on how _ English.A.learning B.learned C.to learn D.learn7.It s a pay day,and they are waiting _.A.pay B.paying C.paid D.to be paid8.I dont know whether you happen,but Im going to study in the U.S.A this September.Ato be heard B.to be hearing Cto hear D.to have heard,9.I forgot _ my name when I finished _ the composition.A.to sign,to writing B.to sign,writing C.signing,writing10.-You were brave enough to raised objections at the meeting.-Well,now I regret _ that.A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done 11.She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake.A.to clean B.cleaning C.cleaned D.being cleaned,12.Martin looks so well.Weve never seen him _ so well before.A.is looked B.is looking C.to look D.look 13.My father has decided _ because smoking is bad for his health.A.to stop to smoke B.to stop smoking C.stopping smoking D.stop to smoke 14 It is kind _ me to carry these books.A.of you helping B.for you to help C.of you to help D.for you helping,15.Would you like _ some bread or biscuits?No thanks.I dont feel like anything now.A.to have,eating B.to have,to eat C.having,to eat D.having,eating 16.Do you remember me,Tom?Ah,yes,I remembered _ you in JUSCO last year.A.see B.sees C.to see D.seeing,三、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做表语,1.表示一定的概念，具有名词的性质时，不定式和动名 词可以互换。e.g.My hobby is collecting/to collect ancient coins.2.若表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用 不定式。e.g.My wish is to find a part-time job this summer.3.现在分词和过去分词作表语具有形容词特征,也可以 作为形容词。但要注意二者的区别 e.g.The party was very exciting.They were very excited at the news,1.Her wish is _ an engineer.A.becoming B.become C.to become D.being come2.Some peoples greatest pleasure is _.A.fishingB.to fish C.to be fishing D.being fish3.The report was so _ that they were all _.A.inspiring,exciting B.inspiring,excited C.inspired,excited D.inspired,exciting4.-“You look pale.”-“I feel a little _.”A.tireB.tiredC.tiringD.tiresome,四、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做定语,1.不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示未发生的 动作或将要发生的某一动作。e.g.The train to arrive is from London He is always the first to come and the last to leave.2.动名词做定语往往说明所修饰词的某种用途，一般 放在被修饰词的前面。e.g.a washing machine（动名词做定语，=a machine which is used for washing）洗衣机 a reading room（动名词做定语，=a room which is used for reading）阅览室,3.现在分词作定语表示主动、正在进行的动作。过去 分词作定语则表示被动、或完成的意义。单个分词 或形容词性的分词作定语往往放在被修饰词的前 面；分词短语作定语多置于被修饰词后面。e.g.the rising sun（现在分词做定语，=the sun which is rising）正在升起的太阳 the changing world（现在分词做定语，=the world which is changing）变化中的世界 a moving movie 感人的电影 excited voice激动的声音（形容词性分词作定语）fallen leaves 落叶 a broken cup 一个破了的杯子（过去分词作定语则表示被动、或完成）,1.She said she had a important meeting _.A.to attend in B.to attend C.attend D.attending2.He is always the first _ questions.A.to answer B.answering C.to be answered D.being answered3.The Olympic Games _ in the year 2012 will be a great success.A.being held B.to be held C.held D.to hold4.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.written,5.At present,English is the main subject _ here.A.to be taught B.being taught C.teaching D.to be teaching 6.-Who are those people with the banner?-A group _ itself the League for peace.A.calling B.calls C.called D.is called 7.The pen _ belongs to me.A.which it is on the table B.lying on the table C.is on the table D.which on the table,五、不定式、现在分词、过去分词做补足语,1.在“动词+宾语+不定式”结构中，不定式作宾语补足语，“宾语+不定式”构成了复合宾语。有些动词要求不定式不带to，有些要求必须带to，还有的带与不带都可以。以下动词后常跟带符号to的不定式做宾语补足语：ask,tell,want,wish,order,persuade,advise,allow,warn,encourage,cause,require等。e.g.The doctor advised him to stay in bed for another few days.We wish him to remain and accept the post.我们希望他留下来接受这个职位。,接不定式作宾语补足语的动词口诀：,请求与命令 想要邀请期待鼓励与建议 答应告诫允许提醒和帮助,请求与命令,ask sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事 tell sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事,想要邀请期待鼓励与建议,want sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事 invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事 expect sb.to do sth.期待某人做某事 encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 advise sb.to do sth.建议某人做某事,答应告诫允许提醒和帮助,promise sb.to do 答应某人做某事 warn sb.not to do sth.告诫某人做某事 allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事 remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事 help sb.(to)do sth.帮助某人做某事,有些感官动词和使役动词，如see,watch,hear,feel,notice,observe,look at,listen to,let,have,make,keep,get等后常跟不带符号to的不定式做宾语补足语，常表动作的整个过程。e.g.We noticed him enter the house.我们留意到他进了那所房子。The boss made them work twelve hours a day.老板让他们一天干12小时工作。,省略to的情况:,使役动词和感官动词后：一感二听三让四看feel/hear,listen to/let,make,have,/look at,see,watch,noticehad better（not）do sth.最好(不)做why not/why dont you do sth为什么不做?help sb.（to）do sth Would rather宁愿做 would you please情态动词+do助动词+do,牛刀小试,1.My mother often asks me _ some cleaning on Sundays A do B.does C.did D.to do 2.Do you often hear John _in his room?Listen!Now we can hear him _ in his room.A.sing,to sing B.sing,sing C.sing,singing D.to sing,singing 3.I watched her _ in the next room last night.A.dancing B.to dance C.dances D.dance4.Lets _swimming after the exam.A.go B.goes C.to go D.went5.Youd better _a bus.A.to catch B.catch C.catches D.catching,6.The doctor advised Lao Li _ more rest.A.that he get B.to get C.would get D.get7.Soon they saw the boy _ in the crowd.A.disappear B.to disappear C.disappears D.disappeared8.Birds are seldom heard _ at night.A.sing B.singing C.to sing D.to be singing,2.现在分词做补足语分两种情况：形容词性质的现在分词作补足语：e.g.I find the book very interesting.我发现这本书非常有趣。（宾语补足语）The boy is found very annoying.发现这个小男孩很令人讨厌。（主语补足语）动词性质的现在分词作补足语：感官动词和使役动 词，如see,watch,hear,feel,notice,observe,look at,listen to,let,have,make,keep,get等后可以跟表示动作性质的 现在分词作补足语，表示“正在或持续做某事”。e.g.I see him passing by a bank.我看见他正经过一家银行。（宾语补足语）He was seen working in the garden.有人看见他正在花园里干活。（主语补足语）,1.He kept me _ for many hours.A.to wait B.having been waited C.waiting D.waited 2.Mother caught the boy _ in the corner.A.smoke B.to smoke C.smoking D.being smoked 3.Having read the Emperors New Clothes,we all found it _.A.interest B.interested C.interesting D.to interest,区分下列词组:,see sb.doing/do sth.hear sb.doing/do sth.watch sb.doing/do sth.notice sb.doing/do sth.,感官动词 see,watch,look at,notice,hear,listen to,feel,+do表示动作的完整性，+doing 表示动作的进行性。注意：被动语态中不能省去to。,3.过去分词(done)做宾语补足语，说明宾语的性质或状态，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，其前的宾语是它的逻辑主语。若是及物动词的过去分词，既表示被动，也可以表示动作已经完成（即先于谓语动词）。若是不及物动词的过去分词，则只表示完成。句子由主动变被动时，宾语补足语相应的变为主语补足语。The boss found his plan carried out successfully.The boy was found lost in the forest.Have you heard this song sung in Japanese?(宾补)This song is often heard sung everywhere in China.(主补),1.I need this chapter _ before tomorrow.A.rewriting B.rewritten C.rewrite D.to write again2.When she returned home,she found the window open and something _.A.to steal B.losing C.missed D.stolen 3.There was so much noise that the speaker could not make himself _.A.being heard B.heard C.hearing D.hear,六、不定式、现在分词、过去分词做状语,1.不定式做状语，主要表示目的、结果、原因以及评论 性状语。不定式往往放在系表结构后面，表示产生某种情绪或状态的原因。e.g.She was surprised to see Jim walk in.看到吉姆进来，她很惊讶。不定式可以单独作目的状语，有时为了强调目的性，在不定式前可以加上in order,so as。e.g.To succeed,one must first of all believe in himself.In order to keep warm,we shut all the windows.,不定式表结果，常用在too to,enough to结构中。有时不定式前加上only，表示出人意料的结果。e.g.The child is old enough to dress himself.We hurried to the station only to be told that the train had left.The husband left his wife,never to return.有些不定式是用来表示说话者的观点或态度的，放在 句子之外，修饰整个句子，我们称之为评论性状语。e.g.I have never seen such a person,to tell you the truth.To cut a long story short,we disagree.长话短说，我们不同意。,六、不定式、现在分词、过去分词做状语,1.I have enjoyed my visit here.Ill be very sorry _.A.for leaving B.of leaving C.to leave D.left 2.I went to see him _ him out.A.finding B.find C.only to find D.only found,2.现在分词做状语可表示时间、原因、结果、伴随、方 式、目的以及作评论性状语等。现在分词的一般式作时间状语，往往表示动作与谓语动词同时发生或相继发生。现在分词的完成式作时间状语，往往表示动作先于谓语动词发生。e.g.Hearing the news,they all jumped for joy.Having finished his speech,he answered our questions.作原因状语：Living far from the school,I have to get up early in the morning.作结果状语，常位于句尾，前面的主句表示原因，后面的分词短语表示直接造成的结果。e.g.The fire lasted a whole night,causing great damage.,作伴随或方式状语，表示与谓语动词同时发生的另一动 作。e.g.Following Tom,we started to climb.我们跟随汤姆开始爬山。She came riding a brand-new bike.她骑着一辆崭新的自行车来的。现在分词作目的状语往往具有伴随性，多放于句尾，且 与主句间用逗号隔开。e.g.Jane kept silent,trying not to show her feelings.作评论性状语，有些惯用的分词短语在句中可以独立存 在，它们用来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等。常见的有：generally speaking一般说来 strictly speaking严格说来 roughly speaking大致说来 narrowly speaking狭义上说 judging from/by由判断。e.g.Judging from her accent,she must come from Australia.,1._ the cry for help,people immediately rushed out of the rooms.A.To hear B.Hearing C.Having heard D.They hearing 2._ Hello,he reached out his hand.A.Said B.Saying C.Talked about D.Talking to,3.过去分词在句中可作时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式等状语。过去分词作时间状语可置于句首，也可以置于句尾，有时还可以置于主语和谓语之间。Asked about his address,the boy didnt respond.Seen from the hill,the city looks magnificent.作原因状语，常置于句首。Infected with the H1N1,the little boy was separated from the other children.作条件状语：United,we stand;divided,we fall.合则立，分则败。作伴随或方式状语：The pop star hurried up to her car,followed by her fans.,1._ from the tallest building,the whole city looks very beautiful.A.See B.Saw C.Seeing D.Seen 2._ the past,our life is much better.A.Comparing with B.Be compared with C.To compare with D.Compared with,Goodbye!,