阅读之细节与词义猜测.ppt
高三英语专题复习,英语阅读理解技巧之细节题与猜词义题,提示:报纸41期 第5版（系统集成第49与50页的示范很好用）有讲解及试题配合使用,细节理解题：细节理解题就是我们常见的wh-题，它们大多是根据 文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。做此类题的方法一般是先用寻读法找出与问题相关的词语或句子，再对相关的部分进行细读，找出正确答案。,细节类问题的命题方式有以下几种：1)Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage?2)The author mentions all of the following except.3)Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage?4)The writer mentions all of the items listed below except _.5)Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?6)What is the example of.as described in the passage?7)The reason for.is.8)According to the passage,(when,where,why,how,who,how many,how much,how long,how soon,how often _?etc.).9)From the passage we know that _.10)In the passage,the author states that _.,分析题干能力,（一）根据常识、经验猜生词 例如：The old man put on his spectacles and began to read The door was so low that I hit the head on the lintel,猜词能力,（二）根据上下文解释做出判断：其方法主要有：1根据文中的定义、解释猜生词。例如：Skimming means looking over a passage quickly to get the main idea before you begin to read it carefully The harbor is protected by a jettya wall built out into the water 2利用事例或解释猜生词。例如：The doctor is studying glaucoma and other diseases of the eye 3利用重复解释的信息猜生词。例如：Mr.Smith always arrives home punctually，neither early nor late,猜词能力,4根据同位关系进行判断：阅读中出现一些难词，有时后面就是一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这种解释有时也用连词“or”连接。a）（NMET2001，D篇），and other Germanic and Nordic peoples，who spoke what we now call Anglo-Saxon（or Old English），a Germanic language b）（NMET2002，A篇）The Chunnel，a tunnel（隧道）connecting England and France，is now complete,猜词能力,（三）利用标点符号和提示词猜测词义 One of the obstacles to false reading is vocalizingsaying the words to themselves in a low voice The early scientific study of chemistry，known as alchemy，grew up in Egypt in the first few centuries AD,猜词能力,（四）根据上下文的指代关系进行选择文章中的代词it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；也有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。例如（NMET2002，A篇）原题第57题：What does the underlined word it（paragraph 2）refer to？ADiscovering the moons inner space BUsing the earths inner space CMeeting the moon people“again DTraveling to outer space 原文：However，the question that moon people asked is still an interesting oneA growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it,猜词能力,由此可以看出it指上句中的the question，而the question又指第一段中月球人所提的问题。所以根据第一段中的问题Why are you traveling to outer space when you dont even use your inner space？就可以判断出答案为B。,（五）根据转折或对比关系进行判断根据上下句的连接词，如：but，however，otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。分号（；）还可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。He has been getting better，but during the night his condition deteriorated,猜词能力,(六)根据因果关系进行判断根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。（NMET2001，A篇）Biggest power failure in the citys historyAll of our ice-cream and frozen foods melted,猜词能力,后一句承接前一句，前一句的原因导致后一句的结果。根据因果关系，停电很可能导致冰淇淋和冷冻食品溶化，所以melted的词义应为溶化。,（七）根据构词法（合成、派生、转化）进行判断英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是生词，但掌握了一定的构词法知识，就不难猜出它的词义。例如（NMET2002，B篇）Market research shows that Gold and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reasons for their preferences-but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete,猜词能力,我们知道，prefer的意思是宁愿；愿意，根据上下文可以判断prefer的名词形式preference的含义应是偏爱；爱好。,根据近年来高考阅读理解对同学们提出新的要求，建议同学们在以下几个方面加强自我训练！1猜测熟词新含义例1:The major market force rests in t he growing population of white collar employees(白领雇员)，who can afford the new service.例2:“It was the best night we had ever had”,said Angela Carraro,who runs an Italian restaurant.猜测熟词含义除了要求同学们有较强的语境分析能力外，还要求同学们有较宽的知识面，对常见有新含义的熟词要弄清其用法，并将这些词进行简要归纳整理。2猜测词性变换新词含义When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago，how could they even begin to picture modern life?利用熟词的新词性来抽象词义，关键应在理解原词的基础上，分析它的新词性，并结合原词含义发挥合理想象，从而概括抽象出它的新词义。,猜词能力,提示:（系统集成第51与52页的示范很好）可配合使用,Thank you,
