英语语法之主谓一致完美课件.ppt

主谓一致20131202,英语中，主语的单复数形式决定着谓语动词的单复数形式。主谓一致必须遵循以下三条原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。1.并列结构作主语时。由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：A young man and a girl want to go there.但如果在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念时，谓语 动词要用单数形式。如：A needle and thread was found on the floor.当each.and each.；every.and every.；no.and no.；many a.and many a.结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：,No man and no animal is to be found on the moon.Many a doctor and many a nurse is busy with their work.由not only.but also.；either.or.；neither.nor.；or连接的 并列主语，谓语动词与就近的名词或代词保持一致。如：Either the players or the coach is responsible for the defeat.当主语由as well as,along with,together with，rather than,no less than,but,except,besides,in addition to,like,including等词连 接时，其谓语动词与前面的名词或代词保持一致。如：An iron and steal works,with some satellite factories,is to be built here.Tom,along with his friends,goes skating every Saturday.,2.百分数、分数作主语时。当百分数、分数后面加名词或代词时，要根据这个名词或代词 来决定其谓语动词的单复数形式。如果是复数，谓语动词用复数；如果是单数或不可数，谓语动词用单数。如：Fifty percent of the students in our school are girls.Threefourths of the surface of the earth is sea.3.不定代词作主语时。不定代词each,another,the other,either,neither和由some,any,no,everyone或thing构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单 数形式。如：,Neither of us has gone through regular training.Nobody wants to go there，does he?Something has been done to end the strike.all作主语表示人时，谓语动词用复数；表示物时，谓语动词用 单数。如：All is well that ends well.All are eager to reach an agreement.4.表示“全体”、“部分”等意义的词作主语时。当主语是most,the rest,the last,the remainder等时，其谓语一 般应遵循意义一致的原则：如果of后面的名词是单数，则用单 数；如果of后面的名词表示复数，则用复数。如：Three of us will go,the rest are to stay here.After the big fire,the remainder is nothing.,5.“the形容词/过去分词”作主语时。当“the形容词/过去分词”表示一类人或事物时，谓语动词用复 数；如果指某一抽象概念时，谓语动词则用单数。如：The sick here are very well cared for.The true is to be distinguished from the false.6.形式为复数、意义为单数的名词作主语时。表示时间、距离、金额、重量、计量、空间、体积等意义的复 数名词作主语，谓语动词常用单数形式。如：Eight hours of sleep is enough.Ten pounds was missing from the till.,7.number；many a.等作主语时。the number of.(的数目)作主语时，谓语动词用单数；a number of.(许多)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：The number of mistakes is surprising.many a,more than one单数名词构成的短语，尽管意义上是 复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Many a comrade has that kind of opportunity.8.集体名词作主语时。有生命的词，如：cattle,police等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形 式。如：The police are investigating the crime.,9.“one of复数名词定语从句”结构中的主谓一致。在“one of复数名词定语从句”结构中，定语从句中谓语动词 的单复数应由它修饰的先行词的数来决定。如：This is one of the rooms that were damaged in the fire.在“the only one of复数名词定语从句”结构中，定语从句的 谓语动词应用单数形式。如：Mary is the only one of the youngest girls who plays in the band.,10.从句、动词不定式、ing形式作主语时。在“主系表”结构中，如果以what从句作主语，表语又是单数，主句的谓语动词一般用单数；如果表语是复数，主句的谓语动词一般用复数；动词不定式、ing形式作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：What caused the accident is a complete mystery.To learn English well is difflcult.,练习：1.A survey of the opinions of experts _ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health.A.show；are B.shows；is C.show；is D.shows；are 解析：“a survey”作主语，谓语动词用单数；表时间，距离，金钱的可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词也用单数。答案：B2.We live day by day，but in the great things，the time of days and weeks _ so small that a day is unimportant.A.is B.are C.has been D.have been 解析：主语是“the time”，故谓语动词用单数。答案：A,3.The company had about 20 notebook computers but only onethird _ used regularly.Now we have 60 working all day long.A.is B.are C.was D.were 解析：此处onethird 指one third of 20 notebook computers，故为复数；与now相对，用过去时。答案：D4.Most of what has been said about the Smiths _ also true of the Johnsons.A.are B.is C.being D.to be 解析：主语为“大部分对Smith 夫妇的说法”，看成单数，谓语 动词用is。答案：B,5.A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.A.is B.are C.was D.were 解析：a poet and artist指一个人，既是诗人，也是艺术家。答案：A6.The father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.A.is going B.go C.goes D.are going 解析：主语仍为the father，单数形式；as well as his three children作句子的状语，不影响谓语动词的单复数。答案：C,7._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth；is B.Two fifth；are C.Two fifths；is D.Two fifths；are 解析：表示分数时，分子大于一，分母(序数词形式)加s；主语 为land，不可数，故谓语动词用单数。答案：C8.Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution，but the sky is still not clear.A.is used B.are used C.has been used D.have been used 解析：every possible means每一种可行的方式；means单复数 同形，此句中为单数；表示“每种办法都用过了”，用现在完成时 的被动语态。答案：C,9.As a result of destroying the forests，a large _ of desert _ covered the land.A.number；has B.quantity；has C.number；have D.quantity；have 解析：a large number of 不修饰不可数名词；a large quantity of不可数名词，谓语用单数。答案：B10.He is the only one of the students who _ the winner of scholarship for three years.A.is B.are C.have been D.has been 解析：有the only修饰先行词，其后的定语从句中谓语用单数。答案：D,11.The population of China _ over 1.3 billion and eighty percent of its population _ peasants.A.is；are B.are；is C.is；is D.are；are 解析：population表示“人口”。当表示人口数为多少时谓语动 词用单数，如果有分数或百分数修饰时，谓语用复数。答案：A12.Grey as well as his two companions _ leave _ Paris tomorrow.A.are to；for B.is to；for C.is to；to D.are to；to 解析：句中主语是Grey，单数，故谓语也用单数；leave for sp.，动身去某地。答案：B,13.Either your parents or your elder brother _ to attend the meeting tomorrow afternoon.A.are B.have C.is D.had 解析：either.or.遵循就近一致的原则，因your elder brother为单数，句中谓语也用单数。答案：C14.30%of the cattle _ thin，but the rest _ fat.A.are；are B.is；is C.is；are D.are；is 解析：句中主语分别为the cattle/the rest of the cattle，即“牛/余下的牛”，是可数名词复数，故谓语用复数。答案：A,15.The writer and actor _ invited to give us a report on plays in China.A.were B.have been C.was D.has 解析：the writer and actor指一个人(既是作家也是演员)，谓语动词应为单数。答案：C,