英语国家概况第7讲.ppt

Comment on Homework,We will meet you half way by offering a discount of 5%in view of our long pleasant relations.鉴于我们之间长期愉快的业务关系，本公司将酌情考虑给予5%的折扣。分析：这句使用介词短语in view of 代替简单介词for。,With reference to your letter of May 6,we are pleased to give an order for the following.根据贵方5月6日来函，我方乐意订购下列货物。分析：客套礼貌表达方式在商务信函里面是不可或缺的，如：贵方，乐意。,Your claim should be supported by sufficient evidence.你方索赔须有充分的依据。分析：普通词汇在商务英语里面可能会有特殊含义，这里claim为“索赔”之意，而并非“声称、断言”。,Chinese tablecloths are very popular in Europe.We would like to work with you to market them in Canada.中国的桌布在欧洲很受欢迎。我们愿意同你方合作在加拿大销售。分析：market 既可表示“市场、销路”，又可表示“营销、销售”，这里翻译成“销售”更为合适。此句的market可用sell替代，但前者更加正式。,In such a case,Seller is bound to reimburse Buyer for any loss or damage sustained therefrom.在此情况下，卖方负责偿还买方由此所遭受的损失。分析：therefrom(from that circumstance or source;from that place or from there)在此处的意思是from the above mentioned terms and conditions for breaching the contract或与之类似的概念。,This is a trial order.Please send us 35 sets only so that we may tap the market.If successful,we will give you large orders in the future.试订35台以开发市场。若如成功，随后必有大量订货。分析：名词动词化；省译。,He bought a bakers dozen of biscuits.,英国人是以面包为主食的，但那时有个别的面包师在制作面包时偷工减料，克扣份量，以这样的方法昧着良心赚顾客的黑心钱。后来，别的面包师也纷纷效仿。不法奸商的这种做法弄得民怨沸腾，最后官方不得不专门为面包师们制订了制作面包时投料的标准，凡达不到标准的就要受到处罚。这一措施果然奏效，面包的份量增加了。不过，在几百年前科学技术还不十分发达的情况下，手工投料制作面包很难做到个个合乎标准，而不符合官方标准的面包一经发现，面包师便会受到严厉的惩处。为了避免被罚，面包师们就在出售面包时每打多给一个，即十三个为一打。这样，也就逐渐形成了 bakers dozen 这一短语。,Unit 4 Import&Export,-进出口贸易磋商环节,Reading Comprehension,进口贸易磋商一般包含哪四个程序？这四个程序是否必须一一经过？进口贸易磋商的一般程序都包含“询盘”、“发盘”、“还盘”、和“接受”四个环节。具体到一笔交易的洽谈上，四个环节并非都要一一经过，但是“发盘”和“接受”是合同订立的两个必经的最基本的、法定的环节。,“inquiry”,“offer”,“counter-offer”and“acceptance”are generally included in the import and exporttrade negotiation process.A certain negotiationdoes not necessarily go through these steps one by one.However,“offer”and“acceptance”aretwo fundamental and legally required steps which are necessary for concluding a contract.,Special Terms,贸易磋商询盘报盘还盘接受美国贸易指南,acceptance,business negotiation,inquiry/enquiry,offer,counter offer,American Trade Directory,中国式服装发盘有效期八五折失去效力折扣受约束,Chinese garment,validity of an offer,15%discount,lapse,discount,binding(upon/on),售货发盘购货发盘递盘发盘人受盘人可资竞争的价格,selling offer,buying offer,bid,offeror,offeree,fully competitive price,Key Notions and Translation,询盘通常由买方发出，向卖方询问贸易条件。也可以由卖方发出，他可以通过向外商询盘，说明向买方销售某种商品的意图，并开始磋商。Inquiry is usually made by the Buyer,inquiring the Seller about the terms of a sale.It can also be made by the Seller,who may initiate the negotiation by making an inquiry to a foreign Buyer,stating his intention of selling a certain kind of goods to the buyer.,被动句；定语从句；分词形式,值得注意的是不管是谁发起的询盘，都没有义务一定要购买或者销售，同时，另一方也可以置之不理。It is worth noting that whoever makes an inquiry is not obliged to buy or sell,and the other party,at the same time,can make no reply at all.,值得注意的是：It is worth noting that发起询盘：make an inquiry有义务做：be obliged to do置之不理：make no reply at all,发盘是个人或者公司声明他或者它愿意在特定条件下，以特定价格出售或者购买一定数量的货物。一旦发盘被接受，则有关双方就受到法律的约束。An offer from one individual or company to another is a declaration that he or it is willing to sell or buy a certain amount of specified goods,at a specified price,under specified terms.An offer becomes legally binding upon the parties involved upon is acceptance.,词类转译,词类转译,还盘是受盘人向发盘人做出的接受一些条件，并更改其他条件的发盘。事实上，还盘就是拒绝以前的发盘。A counter offer is an offer made by an offeree to an offeror,accepting some terms and changing others.A counter-offer,in fact,is a rejection of the offer.,被动句,分词形式,词类转译,接受就是同意发盘或者还盘的条件，它意味着双方缔结了合同关系。An acceptance is the assent to the terms of an offer or counter-offer.An acceptance means the formation of the contracted relationship of the two parties.,Conversion:同意 the assent 缔结 the formation,Translation skills&exercises,逻辑关系词的翻译一、表条件、假设1、如果贵方能告知可资竞争的价格，我方希望大量订购。We expect to place a substantial order with you provided you can quote fully competitive prices.如果：if,provided,providing,in case,should,2、一旦发盘被接受，则有关双方就受到法律的约束。An offer becomes legally binding upon the parties involved upon the acceptance.合同一经签订，即对双方产生法律约束力。Once signed,the contract becomes binding on both parties.一旦：upon;once,二、表因果关系1、我方可在四周之内为贵方提供任何款式的样品，但鉴于此类产品的需求量大，此期限之后将无法保证。We can offer you any of these samples in four weeks but cannot promise anything definite beyond that period in view of the heavy demand for this type of goods.鉴于：in view of;in consideration of;in connection with;seeing that;in(with)regard to,etc.,2、由于我方承约过多，很遗憾不能接受贵方要求三月装船的订单。Owing to heavy commitment,we regret being unable to accept orders for a March shipment.由于：owing to,due to,on account of,etc.,Exercises,1、如蒙早日寄来样品或产品册，我方将不胜感激。It would be appreciated if samples and/or a brochure could be forwarded to us soon.我方将不胜感激：We shall be grateful/thankfulWe should appreciate it if,2.提请卖方注意：我方定单拖欠至今尚未履行。We brought to the knowledge of the Seller that our order had been delayed for a considerable amount of time.提请注意：Would like to draw/call/invite ones attention to,3.烦请贵方尽快报伦敦离岸最低价。Would you kindly quote us your lowest price FOB London as soon as possible?4.根据贵方要求，兹另寄样品一份，以供参考。As requested,we are sending to you a sample for your reference.,Conclusion,订立合同sign/make/enter into/conclude/signify a contract大量订购place/make a large/substantial order鉴于in view of;in consideration of;in connection with;seeing that;in(with)regard to,etc.,10%的折扣a discount of 10%;10%discount;10%off受约束become binding upon由于owing to,due to,on account of,etc.履行订单entertain the order,Comparison,1、由于原材料涨价，我们须提价3%。A.Due to the rising cost of raw materials we must raise our price by 3%.B.Due to the rising cost of raw materials we have to raise our price by 3%.C.Due to the rising cost of raw materials we are reluctantly compelled to raise our price by 3%.,2.你方价格远低于我方成本，我们不能按你方价格成交。A.We cant entertain business at your price,since it is far below our cost.B.We are unable to entertain business at your price,since it is far below our cost.C.We are not in the position to entertain business at your price,since it is far below our cost.,Translation of“discount”,The staff at the shop get a discount of ten per cent.商店职工购货有九折。n.折扣discount bank贴现银行n.贴现,This computer is at 15%discount.这部电脑现在打八五折。at a discount:打折扣Honesty seems to be rather at a discount today.如今诚实似乎很吃不开。at a discount:不值钱的，不受重视的，不受欢迎的,Experts have discounted the possibility of a second earthquake in the area.专家们不大相信这个地区可能发生第二次地震。vt.认为不重要；对不全相信；The store discounts all its slow-selling goods.那家商店削价出售所有滞销货。vt.打折,Translation Appreciation,2008年英语专业八级考试真题 都市寸土千金，地价炒得越来越高。今后将更高。拥有一个小小花园的希望，对寻常之辈不啻是一种奢望，一种梦想。,我想，其实谁都有一个小小花园，这便是我们的内心世界。人的智力需要开发，人的内心世界也是需要开发的。人和动物的区别，除了众所周知的诸多方面，恐怕还在于人有内心世界。心不过是人的一个重要脏器，而内心世界是一种景观，它是由外部世界不断地作用于内心渐渐形成的。每个人都无比关注自己及至亲至爱之人心脏的健损，以至于稍有微疾便惶惶不可终日。但并非每个人都关注自己及至亲至爱之人的内心世界的阴晴。,我想，其实谁都有一个小小花园，这便是我们的内心世界。I think everyone,in effect,has a small garden or a flower bed of his own,namely,our inner world.人的智力需要开发，人的内心世界也是需要开发的。There is a need for human beings to tap into their own intelligence,as is the case with their inner world.,增译,词类转译,人和动物的区别，除了众所周知的诸多方面，恐怕还在于人有内心世界。What distinguishes between human beings and animals,apart from the various aspects which are universally known,may probably be in that human beings have an inner world.,词类转译,被动句,心不过是人的一个重要脏器，而内心世界是一种景观，它是由外部世界不断地作用于内心渐渐形成的。Heart is no more than an important organ whereas the inner world constitutes a landscape,which gradually takes its shape under the continuous influence from the outside world.,定语从句,词类转译,每个人都无比关注自己及至亲至爱之人心脏的健损，以至于稍有微疾便惶惶不可终日。So great is the importance that everyone attaches to the physical condition of his own heart or those of his closest and dearest ones,that merely a minor disease would enduringly weigh on his mind.,weigh on sth.使烦恼，使担忧,倒装,Homework,Preview passage 1&2 of Unit 5,