英语四级写作基础教程.ppt

大学英语四级写作备考讲座,Writing for CET4,提纲（Outline),1、四级评分原则和标准(Principles and Standards)2、常见错误(Mistakes)3、应对策略(Strategies)4、常用句型（Useful Structures),评分原则,1、检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的四级教学要求。2、采用总体评分（Global Scoring)方法 阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分（reward scores),而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。3、从内容和语言两方面对作文进行综合判断。作文应表达题目所规定的内容。评分要考虑文章是否切题，是否清楚而合适地表达思想，语言错误是否造成理解障碍。,评分标准（按百分制评判）,1、满分15分2、阅卷标准分五等：2分，5分，8分，11分，14分3、档次评分标准 2分，5分，8分，11分，14分,2分一塌糊涂,条理不清，思想紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。Nowdays,Social appeared more more free Admissions to museums.its in order to people wasted money.In adition,rich in peoples life and increase more knowldeges But some people thought free Adimssions to museums have brought much problems.In hand,a plenty of people visited,5分糊里糊涂,基本切题，表达思想不清楚，连贯性差，有较多严重语言错误。In order to enrich the culture of people,more and more musuems were provided free admissions.Somebody thought it would take some problems like that.The first,because of free admissions of Museums were attracted a large numbers of people who interested in all around the world.And those who take part in effected the traffic crowed around the museums,even though affected people who live in next to the museum life,8分马马虎虎,基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，有一些是严重错误。There is an interesting and instractive picture which goes like this:More and more museums are free for people.They want more people go to museums.But some people argue that it make some trouble for free for people.The reason is the economy of the museums would be worse than before.Worst of all,it may take a mess for more people come to the museums.,11分清清楚楚,切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误 Now more and more museums are free without charge to the public.Does that make any sence?Free admission to musuems helps us save money,but it also encourages us to go to museums to learn something else and get more knowledge.This contributes to improve the living level of the public.It can certainly let us know more about our country and the world,which has a good effect on our development.Every coin has two sides.It can also bring some problems.For example,14分漂漂亮亮,切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺、连贯，基本上无语言错误。Example,Free Admission to Museums?,越来越多的博物馆现在免费向公众开放,目的是有人认为这样做会带来一些问题在我看来,Nowadays,more and more museums are open to the public for free.Free admissions to museums will motivate peoples interests in history,arts and science.In this way,museums can provide people with easier access to knowledge,which is of vital importance for the whole nation.,However,some people hold that free admissions to museums can bring about many problems.Since anybody can enter a museum without paying,the museum can be overcrowded and it will be a difficult job for museums to maintain their collections.Besides,museums will face financial problems since they cant make profits from the admission fee.Due to the decrease in profits,museums have less motivation to up-date their collections and out-of-date museums cant avoid the fate to close up in the long run.,In my opinion,free admissions to museums are good for the public,but on the other hand they may pose problems to the museum management.Governments should provide help to museums and guide them to serve the public better.,常见错误,1、篇章：引子过长，结构混乱2、句子结构：缺乏基本的句子意识，只有词汇的堆砌3、词汇：拼写、动词时态、名词单复数、形容词副词比较级别、固定搭配、词汇的选择等方面错误,应对策略,1、篇章：开门见山，直奔主题（紧扣所给提纲写出主题句）。使用合适的方法展开主题句（常用方法如：列举，因果，举例等）2、句子结构：适当使用从句、倒装句、非谓语动词、插入语，从而使文章句子结构稍微复杂而富于变化。3、词汇：尽量使用与主题相关的一些重要词汇，避开用得过于泛滥的词汇。,常用从句,1、Which引导的 非限定性定语从句2、状语从句（结果、原因、时间、比较）Sothat;because/since;before/after,notuntil;while/whereas3、名词性从句（同位语从句、宾语从句）,倒装、非谓语动词和插入语的使用,1、not onlybut also Only bycan Not untildo2、分词做状语，动名词做主语或宾语3、适当插入一些副词或介词短语等This measure,undoubtedly(in my opinion),will eliminate the waste of water.,举例法典型段落结构,1、现象简要描述（主题句+扩展句）2、详细描述现象，运用举例方法（主题句+例1；2；3）(3、表明自己观点)例：2003年1月作文：It Pays to Be Honest 1)当今社会存在许多不诚实现象 2）诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实。,Nowadays,dishonesty is a common phenomenon in society.,Many doctors,for example,sell expensive but unnecessary medicines to their patients in order to get more money.,And poor students tend to cheat on exams.,Also,some advertisements tell lies so as to lure customers into buying fake commodities.,Some famous figures have cheated the government on income taxes.,英语四级作文八种常用句型,一.原因,1.A number of factors might contribute to(lead to)(account for)the phenomenon(problem).2.The answer to this problem involves many factors.3.The factors that contribute to this situation include.4.The change in.largely results from the fact that.5.One of the most common factors(causes)is that.6.Another contributing factor(cause)is.7.Perhaps the primary factor is that 8.But the fundamental cause is that,二.比较,1.The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.3.For all the disadvantages,it has its compensating advantages.4.Like anything else,it has its faults.5.A and B have several points in common.6.A and B differ in several ways.7.Evidently,it has both negative and positive effects.8.People used to think.,but things are different now.,三.批驳,1)It is true that.,but one vital point is being left out.2)Some people say.,but it does not hold water.3)Many of us have been under the illusion that.4)A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.5)It makes no sense to argue for.6)Too much stress placed on.may lead to.7)Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that.8)Contrary to what is widely accepted,I maintain that.,四.后果,1.It may give rise to a host of problems.2.The immediate result it produces is.3.It will exercise a profound influence upon.4.Its consequence can be so great that.,五.举例,1)A good case in point is.2)As an illustration,we may take.3)Such examples might be given easily.4).is often cited as an example.,六.证明,1)No one can deny the fact that.2)The idea is hardly supported by facts.3)Unfortunately,none of the available data shows.4)Recent studies indicate that.5)There is sufficient evidence to show that.6)According to statistics provided by.,it can be seen that.,七.开篇,1)Many nations have been faced with the problem of.2)Recently the problem has been brought into focus.3)Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.4)Recently the issue has aroused great concern among.5)Nowadays there is a growing concern over.6)Never in our history has the idea that.been so popular.7)Faced with.,quite a few people argue that.8)According to a recent survey,.9)With the rapid development of.,.,八.结尾,1)From what has been discussed above,we can draw the conclusion that.2)It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop.3)It is necessary that steps should be taken to.4)In conclusion,it is imperative that.5)To solve the above-mentioned problem,we must.6)We might do more than identify the cause;it is important to take actions to.7)Taking all these into account,we.8)Whether it is good or not/positive or negative,one thing is certain/clear.,Good-bye!Thank you for coming!,