英语名词性从句及相应习题.ppt

名词性从句 Noun Clause,名词性从句 noun clause,主语从句subject clause,宾语从句object clause,表语从句predicative clause,同位语从句appositive clause,我的梦想是我能进入一所重点大学。,My dream is that I can enter a key university.,That I can enter a key university is my dream.,I have a dream that I can enter a key university.,I always dream that I can enter a key university.,表语从句,主语从句,同位语从句,宾语从句,请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句,What I want to do is taking a bath.The news that they won the game spread the whole school.I dont think he is an honest boy.The fact is that he stole the car.Do you know the man who is standing over there?It is said that they won the game.,(主从),(同位语从句),(宾从),(表从),(定从),(主从),引导名词性从句的关联词,不可省略的连词：1.介词后的连词 2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.,主语从句,在复合句中作主语的从句.引导词有连词:that,whether;代词:who,what,which;副词:when,where,how,why等.,1.That he is a famous singer is known to us.(It is known to us that he is a famous singer.),2.When he will go to America is not yet fixed.(It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.),有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：,1.It+be+形容词 that从句,It is necessary/important/obvious that,2.It+be+-ed分词 that从句,It is believed that 人们相信It is known to us all that 众所周知It has been decided that 已经决定,3.It+be+名词 that从句,It is common knowledge that 是常识It is a surprise that.令人惊奇的是It is a fact that 事实是,4.It+不及物动词 that从句,It appears that 似乎It happens that 碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起,另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用 虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary/important/natural/strange that It is suggested/requested/proposed/desired that,It is necessary that she(should)take a couple of days of rest.It is requested that some immediate effort(should)be made.It is suggested that each student(should)sing a song in English.,主语从句中的“主谓一致”：,1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体,因此主句的谓语动词用单数形式.,That they will come _certain.,2.what 引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.,What he wants _these books.What he wants _some water.,注意,is,are,is,3.单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。,Where and when he was born has not been found.,When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown.,1)主语从句用陈述语序,即主语在前,谓语在后.,2)连接词that在从句中起连接作用,不作任何 成分,但不能省略.,When will he come is not known.,X,When he will come is not known.,That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true.,3)whether可引导主语从句 译为“是否”,但if不能.,5)为避免主语冗长、头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.例:It is well known/reported/thought/said/that It is clear/necessary/certain/true/doubtful/that It is a pity/a shame/an honour/that,Whether we will visit the Great Wall has not been decided.,It has not been decided whether we will visit the Great Wall.,1_in the regulations that you should not tell other people the pass word of your e-mail account.(2005上海)A.What is required B.What requires C It is required D.It requires2.The Foreign Minister said,“_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”(2006 北京)A.This B.There is C.That is D.It is3.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.(2004 上海)A.where B.what C.that D.how,Exercises,宾语从句,宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。,1.She did not know what had happened.,2.Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.,3.I am afraid(that)Ive made a mistake.,(作动词的宾语),(作介词的宾语),(作形容词的宾语),1.由连接词that引导的宾语从句 由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：We must never think(that)we are good in everything and that others are good in nothing.,注:在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist,desire,request,command,doubt等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等的动词后，宾语从句用“（should）+动词原形”。I insist that she(should)do her work alone.我坚持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops(should)set off at once.司令员命令部队马上出发。,2.用who，whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句，注意句子语序要用陈述语序。,I want to know what he has told you.,She always thinks of how she can work well.,She will give whoever needs help her sincere support.,3.用whether或if引导的宾语从句 用whether或if引导的宾语从句其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：,只能用whether不能用if的情况,1.在介词后面：Im thinking of whether we should go fishing.2.在动词不定式前：They asked me whether to sit at the front.,3.当与or not连用，或提出两种选择时:I dont know whether hes free or not.Tell me whether youd like to go shopping or tidy the room.4.宾语从句提前，在句首时：Whether this is true,I cant say.,5.引导表语从句、同位语从句、主语从：Whether he is right or wrong is a question.The question was whether he went there last night.,(4)用if不用whether的情况:,1.引导否定概念的宾语从句时：He asked me if I hadnt finished my homework.2.引导条件状语从句，if意为“如果”时:Well go hiking if it doesnt rain tomorrow.,宾语从句中的“时态呼应”与“否定转移”,若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，例如：,He told me that he _ his job.,时态呼应,否定转移,我认为他不会来这里.,I think he wont come here.()I dont think he will come here.(),had finished,注意,4.注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据句子自身的情况，而使用不同时态。例如：I know(that)he studies English every day.I know(that)he studied English last term.I know(that)he will study English next year.I know(that)he has studied English since 1998.,当主句动词是过去时态（could,would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：,The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America,doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/if 引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用 that 引导名词性从句。be sure用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接 that 引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/if 引导的名词性从句。,We doubt=I am not sure whether/if he can win the game.,I dont doubt=I am sure that he will win the game.,宾语从句中用it作形式宾语,We think it our duty that we should help others.,如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用it来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。,I find it impossible that he can finish the work in two days.,1.He has made _clear _he will not give in.2.They took_ for granted _ you knew the fact.,it,that,it,that,3.He is a good student except _he is careless.4.I know nothing about him except_you told me.5.He usually walks to school except_ it rains.,what,when,that,表语从句,在复合句中作主句的表语.引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,1.问题是我们和他已失去联系.2.这就是亨利怎么解决这个问题的.3.天看起来要下雨了.,The problem is_,This is_.,It looks_.,that we have lost touch with him.,how Henry solved the problem,as if it is going to rain,1.This is _our problem lies.2.Tomorrow is _ it would be the most convenient.3.The reason _ he didnt come is_ he was ill.4.He was ill.I think that is _he didnt come.5.The question is _ he will be here on time.,where,when,why,that,why,whether,同位语从句,同位语从句在句中起同位语的作用.一般放在名词fact,news,idea,promise,thought,suggestion,belief,truth 等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词.引导词 that不能省；少数情况下也可用连接副词.,同位语从句修饰的名词fact,news,idea,promise,faith,question,problem,doubt,fear,hope,order,belief,thought,reply,truth,suggestion,advice,proposal,1.The thought that we might succeed excited us.2.The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering.3.The suggestion that the plan(should)be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.4.I have no idea when he will be back.,一、同位语从句与定语从句相似之处,1、两种从句都可以译成定语,The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.（同位语从句）我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。The news that you told us is really encouraging.（定语从句）你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。,2、两种从句都可以用that引导,The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.（同位语从句）学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.（定语从句+表语从句）值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。,二、同位语从句与定语从句不同之处,1.从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步解释说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰限定前面的名词。,The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.（“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利）The news that you told us is really encouraging.（对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的而非来自其他渠道，但消息是何内容却不得而知）,2.引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个连词，不充当任何成分,但不能省略；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。,Dad made a promise that he would buy me a CD player if I passed the English test.（that 不充当任何成分）2)Dad made a promise that excited me.（that指代promise，在从句中充当主语。）,Tell the difference,1.The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.2.The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.,3.The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.4.The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical.,Exercises,1.Doris success lies in the fact _ she is cooperative and eager to learn from others.(2010上海春季)A.which B.that C.when D.why2.Do you have any idea_ is actually going on in the classroom?(2005辽宁)A.that B.what c.as D.which3.There is a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is not ever.(2002上海)A.that B.which c.of which D.what,Exercises,1.They want to know _ do to help us.A.what can they B.what they can C.how they can D.how can they2.Can you make sure _ the gold ring?A.where Alice had put B.where had Alice put C.where Alice has put D.where has Alice put3.Someone is ringing Mary.Go and see _.A.who is he B.who he is C.who is it D.who it is,B,C,I.语序问题,考点归纳,D,II.用if 或whether 填空,1.I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.2.The question is _ this book is worth writing.3.It depends on _ we will have enough money.4._ they can do it matters little to us.5._ you are not free tomorrow,Ill go without you.,whether,whether,whether,Whether,If,a.主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后面的宾 语从句只能用_，不能用if；b.后面紧跟 or not 时,用_.,whether,whether,III.that 与whether/if 的选择：,(1)_ knowledge comes from practice is known to all.A.What B.Where C.If D.That(2)It makes no difference _ our sports meet will be held this week or next week.A.that B.eitherC.whether D.when(3)I doubt _ he will come soon.(4)I do not doubt _ he will come soon.,D,C,whether/if,that,表示是否时用_,表示肯定时用_,whether/if,that,1._ I cant understand is why he has changed his mind.2._ the earth is round is known to us all.3._ he won the race was _we expected.,that:,what:,_只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，没有词义,_起连接作用，且在从句中充当主语，宾语或表语，表示“所的”。,That,What,That,what,归纳,.that,what引导名词性从句的区别,v.what which&whichever,1._ is worth doing is worth doing well.2._we need is more time.3._ broke the windows is still unknown.4._ breaks the law will be punished.,Whatever,What,Who,Whoever,_等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句_等引导的名词性从句都含有疑问意义。,whoever,whatever,who,what,1.Its generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A.which B.that C.whatever D.all what2.These wild animals are so special that I would do _ I can to save them.A.which B.that C.whatever D.all what3._ kills,sells or eats wild animals or birds,is to blame.A.Anyone B.Anyone who C.Those who D.Those,B,C,C,Exercises,.名词性从句中的虚拟语气：,He suggested that a meeting(should)be held immediately.It was suggested that a meeting(should)be held immediately.His suggestion was that a meeting(should)be held immediately.He made a suggestion that a meeting(should)be held immediately.,表示建议,请求,命令,要求,坚持等的名词性从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气.,2.在主语从句中用来表示惊奇,不相信,惋理应如此等,谓语动词用虚拟语气(should)+do,常用句型有1)It is necessary(important,natural,strange,etc)that2)It is a pity(a shame,no wonder etc,)that 3)It is strange that she(should)think so.,试区分以下句子,Do you know the fact that he stole the car?,Do you know the fact that they were talking about?,1.如果是定语从句，它的从句是不完整的，关系代词在句中充当成分的；而同位语从句中的that只起连接作用,不做成分。2.定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，而同位语从句则解释说明前面名词的具体内容。,(同从),(定从),拓展,1.The question is _the film is worth seeing.A.if B.what C.whether D.how 2.They received orders _ the work be done at once.A.which B.when C./D.that 3.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed.A.why;why B.why;because C.why;that D.that;because,C,C,D,Consolidation:,4._ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind.A.What;why B.Which;how C.That;why D.What;because5._ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.A.That B.Whether C.If D.Even if6.It is known to us _ where there is pollution,there is harm.A.which B.where C.what D.that,D,A,B,7.I have the information _.A.of what hell come soon B.that hell come soon C.of that hell come soon D.his coming soon8.-I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball.-_ it made me nearly mad.A.That he broke B.What he broke C.He broke D.His break,B,A,9.It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time.A.how B.that C.when D.what10.-Can I help you?-Yes,do you know _?A.when comes the bus B.when will come the bus C.when does the bus come D.when the bus comes,A,D,11.He made a promise _ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.A.that B.if C.what D.that if12.They lost their way in the forest and _ made matters worse was _ night began to fall.A.what;that B.it;that C.what;when D.which;what,A,D,13.I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full A.it B.That C.these D.them 14.I feel _ strange that he should be so careless.A./B.it C.that D.how 15.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.（MET92）Awhile B.that Cif Dfor,A,B,B,II.Choose the best answer,1.They expressed the hope _they would come over to China.A.which B.that C.whom D.when2.The fact_ he didnt see Tom yesterday is true.A.that B.which C.when D.what3.I have no idea _he will come back.A.where B.when C.what D.that,II.Choose the best answer,4.The news _ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false.A.that B.when C.what D.how 5.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right.A.what that B.that which C.that what D.which that6.Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.A.what B.whether c.that D.which,1.The question is _the film is worth seeing.A.if B.what C.whether D.how 2.They received orders _ the work be done at once.A.which B.when C./D.that 3.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed.A.why;why B.why;because C.why;that D.that;because4._ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind.A.What;why B.Which;how C.That;why D.What;because5._ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.A.That B.Whether C.If D.Even if6.It is known to us _ where there is pollution,there is harm.A.which B.where C.what D.that7.I have the information _.A.of what hell come soon B.that hell come soon C.of that hell come soon D.his coming soon,C,D,C,A,B,D,B,单项填空,8.-I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball.-_ it made me nearly mad.A.That he broke B.What he broke C.He broke D.His break9.It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time.A.how B.that C.when D.what10.-Can I help you?-Yes,do you know _?A.when comes the bus B.when will come the bus C.when does the bus come D.when the bus comes11.He made a promise _ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.A.that B.if C.what D.that if12.They lost their way in the forest and _ made matters worse was _ night began to fall.A.what;that B.it;that C.what;when D.which;what,A,A,D,D,A,