英语写作主谓一致.ppt

Verb-Subject Agreement,By 邵玉铭 傅兴宁 宋琳 李敏,performances,Performances of Verb-Subject Agreement 1.The subject and predicate verb are not consistent,between the subject and the predicate verb there is a long interval which cause visual confusion；2.The subject and predicate verbs can not maintain consistency in person or number.主语谓语前后不一致 表现为：1主语名词与谓语动词间隔较长，首尾不能相接，造成视觉上的混淆；2谓语动词和主语在人称以及数上不能保持一致性。,consistency,Each component of the sentence should keep consistent in person,character and number,this relationship is called consistency.The performances of consistency conclude three aspects-grammatical agreement、notional agreement and principle of proximity.,Grammatical Agreement语法上的一致,The subject is singular form,the predicate verb is singular form too;The subject is a plural form,predicate verbs also in the plural form.Such as:The number of the students present is 200.Jane and Mary look alike.,Notional Agreement意义上一致,1)The subject is singular form,but the notion as a plural verb,the predicate verb is plural.The crowd were shouting.Such as people,police,cattle，etc.2)The subject is plural form,but the notion as a singular verb,the predicate verb is singular.The news was so surprising.Such as physics，politics,economics,etc.,Principle of Proximity就近原则,The form of the predicate verb depends on its nearest subject.When or，eitheror,neithernot,not onlybut also involved in the sentence,the predicate verb should be consistent to its nearest subject noun.Either your students or Mr.Wang knows this.,The application of Verb-Subject Agreement,1名词作主语2由连接词连接的名词作主语3代词作主语4分数、量词作主语5名词化的形容词作主语6从句作主语7.不定式、名动词（短语）作主语,名词作主语,1）某些集体名词，如family,team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如：His family is a happy one.The whole family are watching TV.这类名词有：audience，class，club，company，crew，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等。,2)某些集体名词，如people,police,cattle等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。如：The police are searching for the thief.,3）单、复数同形的名词主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。如：A sheep is over there.Some sheep are over there.,4）名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。如：The doctors is across the street.My uncles is not far from here.常见的省略名词有：the bakers,the barbers,the carpenters,the Zhangs等。表示店铺的名词，一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。如：Richardsons have a lot of goods to sell.,5）当名词词组中心词是“-s”结尾的表示“学科”、“疾病名称”等名词作主语,国名、地名、组织机构名称、书刊和杂志名等名词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数，表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。如：Maths is my favourite subject.数学是我最喜爱的学科。The United States is a developed country.美国是个发达国家。Great Expectations has been translated into Chinese.远大前程已译成中文。Three years has passed since then.,6）不定代词each,every,no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.,7）如果主语有more than one或many a构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：More than one student has read the book.Many a girl has been there.但是，“more+复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。如：More members than one are against your plan.,8）一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses,chopsticks,scissors等。但如果主语用“a kind of,a pair of,a series of等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：A pair of shoes was on the desk.,9）this kind of book=a book of this kind（这种书），其谓语动词用单数；短语this kind of men=men of this kind=these kind of men(口语)（这一类人），但this kind of men的谓语动词用单数，men of this kind和these kind of men的谓语动词用复数，all kinds of后跟复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。如：This kind of men is dangerous.Men of this kind are dangerous.,10）复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致原则，作用单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有：means（方法），works（工厂），species（种类），Chinese，Japanese等。如：The(This)glass works was set up in 1980.(这家玻璃厂建于1980年。)The（These）glass works are near the railway station.（这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。）当它们前面有a,such a,this,that修饰时，谓语用单数；有all,such,these,those修饰时，谓语用复数，但means,no means,the means等词前没有以上修饰词时，可用作单数，也可用作复数。,11）如果名词词组中心词是all，most,half,rest等词语，所指的复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之，用单数。如：All of my classmates like music.All of the water is gone.12)在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Between the two windows hangs a picture.page 7,由连接词连接的名词作主语,1）用and或bothand连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如：Plastics and rubber never rot.Walking and riding are good exercises.但是，并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。如：Truth and honesty is the best policy.The girls teacher and friend is a young doctor.To love and to be loved is great happiness.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.A knife and fork is on the table.,2）当主语后面跟有as well as,as much as,no less than,along with,with,like,rather than,together with,but,except,besides,including,in addition to等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数而定。如：The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.）以or,eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also等连接的名词（代词）作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。如：Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.Either you or he is to go.page 7,代词作主语,1）名词性物主代词作主语时，既可以用作单数，也可以用作复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。如：Ours(Our Party)is a great party.Your shoes are black,and mine(=my shoes)are brown.2）such,the same起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。如：Such is our plan.Such are his words.,3）关系代词who,that,which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：Those who want to go please put up your hands.Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.4）疑问代词who,what,which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。如：Who lives next door?It is Xiao Liu.Who live next door?It is Zhang and Liu.What produce(s)heat?,5）不定代词any,either,neither,none,all some,more等作主语时，有以下两种情况：单独作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词用单数或复数形式，例如：Now all has been changed.All are present.either,neither单独作主语时，谓语通常用单数。但后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词当然用单数形式，若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数，在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更常用。如：Do(es)any of you know his address?None of them has(have)seen the film.page 7,分数、量词作主语,1）“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“a lot of,lots of plenty of,a large quantity of,a heap of,heaps of,half of+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修饰语，例如：Lots of damage was caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earths surface is covered with water.Three-fifths of the workers here are women.,和这种情况类似的还有“a number of+名词复数”，但是，“the number of+名词”的中心词却是number,试比较：A number of students have gone home.The number of pages in this book is two hundred.注意：(large)quantities of修饰可数或不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数，例如：Quantities of food(nuts)were on the table.短语in quantity,in large quantities意为“大量”；in small quantities意为“少量”。,2）a great deal of,a large amount of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；large amounts of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数，例如：A large amount of(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.3）表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，例如：One and a half bananas is left on the table.4）half of,(a)part of修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数。page 7,名词化的形容词作主语,如果主语由“the+形容词（或过去分词）”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数，这类词有：the brave,the poor,the rich,the blind,the young,the old,the sick,the dead,the deaf and dumb,the oppressed,the injured,the wounded,the unemployed等；但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别，则用单数。如：The blind study in special schools.The departed was a well-known engineer.这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时，就要与名词man,person或表示人的单数连和，如：an old man,a rich person,the(a)wounded soldierpage 7,从句作主语,1）由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式，例如：What we need is more time.What we need are doctors.2）在“one of+复数名词+who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此，从句中的动词应该是复数形式。如：This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told.但是当one之前有the only等修饰语时，关系代词的先行词是one，而不是靠近它的复数名词，因此从句的动词应是单数形式。如：She was the only one of the girls who was late.page 7,不定式、名动词（短语）作主语,7.不定式、名动词（短语）作主语用单数形式；There/Here be句型中be的单复数取决于be后的第一个词的数。There is a book,two pens on the desk.There are two pens,a book on the desk.page 7,强化训练习题,1.Three_ died in the terrible fire in Luoyang last winter.A.hundreds people B.hundred people C.hundreds peoples D.hundred peoples,1.Three_ died in the terrible fire in Luoyang last winter.A.hundreds people B.hundred people C.hundreds peoples D.hundred peoples 解析：选B.hundred一词前面有具体数词修饰时不加-s。,2.The Olympic Games in the year 2008 _ in Beijing of China,which _ known to us all.A.is to hold;is B.is to be held;was C.are to hold;is D.are to be held;is,2.The Olympic Games in the year 2008 _ in Beijing of China,which _ known to us all.A.is to hold;is B.is to be held;was C.are to hold;is D.are to be held;is 解析：选D.主语the Olympic Games 意为：奥运会，谓语动词通常要用非第三人称单数形式也可用复数形式；后半部分为which引导的非限制情定语从句，其谓语动词要用单数形式。,3.What the children in the mountain village need _ good books.A.is B.are C.have D.has,3.What the children in the mountain village need _ good books.A.is B.are C.have D.has 解析：选B.what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词要根据后面的名词的数来决定，此处要用非第三人称单数形式。,4.Not only you but also I _ able to help him out.A.are B.is C.am D.were,4.Not only you but also I _ able to help him out.A.are B.is C.am D.were 解析：选C.根据就近一致性原则，谓语用am。,5.“Have you all studied the passageUsing the Mind against Disease？”“_.”A.Nobody of us has B.Nobody of us have C.None of us has D.None of us did,5.“Have you all studied the passageUsing the Mind against Disease？”“_.”A.Nobody of us has B.Nobody of us have C.None of us has D.None of us did 解析：选C.因为问句是完成时态，答句要用完成时态回答，另外主语不可用nobody of us.,