英语A级考试作文辅导.ppt

高等学校英语A级考试写作专题,测试要求：A级考试一般都侧重于应用性文字（摘要，通告，信函，简历表，申请书，协议书等）翻译或写作。测试形式：测试形式为主观题。总题数为1题。考试时间为25分钟。测试目的：测试考生套写，书写，填写，翻译应用性短文，信函，填写英文表格及其他简短的实用性文字的能力。,写作评分原则及标准 作文评分标准从表达和语言两方面，只给一个分数，即给印象分(global/impression marking)。评分时应给考生应得(rewarding)分数评定，不要扣分(penalty)方式评定。分数可以为四个等级，即：1)11分：内容完整，表达清楚；语言上仅有很少的错误。2)8分：内容较完整，表达尚清楚；有一些语言错误，可以有个别句子结构上的错误。3)5分：内容大体完整，表达可被勉强理解；有较多的语言错误，包括少量严重错误。4)2分：内容不完整，但是没有离题；表达上有较大的困难；语言有很多错误，包括少量严重错误。如果试卷的得分可高于或低于某一得分等级，则应加1分或减1分，例如：高于11分者可给12分，低于8分者可给7分，如果不按提示写作文或语言表达完全无法理解，应给0分。总之，评分时力求准确，防止趋中倾向。字数不得少于80字。字数不够，会扣分，每少10个字扣1分。,写作技巧指导 常用文体：1 商务信函2 电子邮件3 征稿启事4 招聘广告5 通知公告 从最近的十一次考试中，商务信函6（其中1封包含感谢内容）封，投诉信2封（投诉手机）辞职信1封，申请书1封，招聘1封,普通高校专科英语应用能力考试写作主要以测试学生应用文写作为主，主要包括商务信函、报告、合同、通知、履历等等。根据以往考试情况，出现频率较高的主要有信函和履历等内容。,应试指导1 审题首先应该确定要采用的文体。2 构思构思是对审题的进一步延伸。因此考生应该考虑如何突出文章的写作要求。3 动笔在写作过程中英尽可能用自己有把握的词语和熟练运用的句型来表达思想。,修改完善（1）从全局进行检查修改。主要是文章的格式内容是否符合题目要求。（2）局部检查，即段落层次上的检查。检查的重点是段内各句衔接是否紧凑，语义是否连贯，要避免使用含有歧义的句子以及不必要的重复。（3）语言检查，句子是否完整，语句是否符合语法。（4）检查标点符号。大小写是否符合写作规范。总之，修改后的文章符合商务写作的7C 要求，即Courtesy(礼貌）,Consideration（体谅）,Completeness（完整）,Clarity（清楚）,Conciseness（简洁）,Concreteness（具体）,Correctness（正确）.,书信 书信是重要的交际工具，普通高校高职高专应用考试大纲要求考生能写简短的英文书信，并对格式等作出了相应的要求。这一类书信主要包括事务信函和私人信函。事务信函一般谈论或处理重要事务，包括诸如推荐信、谋职信、申请信、邀请信、贸易邀约和答复、感谢信、索赔信等等。所有这一类信件均为相对来讲正式的文体，应遵循一定的格式和套用礼貌语等。,格式：英文书信通常由六个部分组成：信头(heading)，信内地址(inside address)，称呼(salutation)，正文(body of letter)，信尾谦称(complementary close)，签名(signature)，有时有附启。1)信头（the heading）信头指发信人的地址和写信曰期。通常写在第一页的右上角，行首可齐头写，也可以逐行缩进去写，地址由小到大，可包括公司、单位名称、地址、电话号码、电报挂号、传真号、邮编等。如：New Orientaion Fashion House 112 Wangalo P,Bangkok 1300,Thailand Tel:638-1277 Fax:638-1232 Website:ZZ(QHttp:/www.newofh 112.thaiMay 02,2003 English Department,class 2002 Foreign Language Department Hubei University of Economics Wuhan,China July 8,2003,2)信内地址(the inside address)：信内地址即收信人的姓名、地址，写在对收信人的称呼上面，在私人信件中这一部分常省略。3)称呼(the salutation)：对收信人的称呼与左边线对齐写在收信人姓名、地址下面两行处，英国人常在称呼后面用逗号，美国人用冒号。如：Dear Professor/Prof.Smith:/,Dear Mr./Ms.Green:/,To whom it may concern:(敬启者：仅用于推荐信，证明信，鉴定书之类的正规文体)Dear colleague:(用与称呼同一类职业的人，可供多人传阅),4)正文(the body of the letter)：正文是整封信的最主要部分，或者说是内容。正文要根据信中涉及的事情多少，用一段或多段写完，做到眉目清秀，有条不紊。5)结束用语(the complementary close)：结束用语指写信人对收信人的谦称，一般写在信纸的右下方，如：Faithfully yours,Respectfully yours,Sincerely yours 等等。6)签名(the signature)：签名一般是在结束用语之下的一至二行的地方，一般用钢笔亲手签名，再在下面用打字机打出姓名职务打在打字姓名的下方。附言一般情况下不用。如非用不可，可缩写成P.S.。商务信函语言应注意简洁明了，完整具体，谦虚有礼，避免纠纷，不需要用一些华丽的词藻。,下面一些开头结尾常用句型可供参考：With reference to your advertisement in todays China Daily,I should like to apply for the job of.In answer to/In reply to/With reference to your advertisement in todays Thank you for your letter of 2nd June,we are interested in your.I am writing to you to express my wish to join in your company.I should be very grateful if you could let me have details of.,Looking forward to your early reply.We hope that you will be able to join us and look forward to seeing you then.Thank you for your kind early reply.In compliance with your request,we are quoting therefore for your decision.We sincerely appreciate your inquiry.If you need additional information,please feel free to contact us.Awaiting your early and favorable reply.,Thank you for the information about.Will you please kindly let me know.We thank you for your enquiry（询价）of 10th September and are pleased to send you 15、Our quotation（报价）for.16、We would be appreciated for your help and we await your earliest reply.,简历 简历也叫履历,是提供个人学习,工作经历的常见应用文,文本形式一般采用表格或短文两种,以表格形式为主,英文是curriculum vitae,简称CV,美国英语中用resume表示.履历的基本组成部分：1、标题(Heading):居中 2、个人信息(Personal Details)：name,sex,age,marital status,birth place,height,weight,health,positive personality,willingness to relocate/travel,other information supporting work objective(姓名，性别，年龄，婚姻状况，出生地，身高，体重，健康状况，个性，服从调谴，愿意出差，及其它能反映工作意愿的信息)3、教育背景(Education):degrees,majors,schools,dates,major courses,special training(学历，专业，学校，时间，专业课程，特殊培训等),4、工作经历（Work Experience）:paid,unpaid,and part-time/full-time employment,job titles,employers,dates,skills,accomplishments,duties and responsibilities(有薪，无薪，正式/非正式工作，职位，公司或单位，时间-一般从最近一次工作的时间看是往前推算，技能，成就，职责)5、其他需要说明的情况(Other Information):这一部分主要是个人兴趣爱好,相关的资料证明,推荐信等,相关证明材料可作为简历的附件.特殊技能:外语，计算机等(Foreign languages,computer applications);Qualifications任职资格;Main achievements主要成就;Honors Hobbies and interests兴趣爱好,ResumeName:Address:130 Zhongshan Road,Nanjing 210000Tel:(025)87766432 E-mail:yangchun yahoo.ComDate of Birth:May 4,1984Place of Birth:BiejingSex:Male/FemaleMarital Status:Single/MarriedHealth:ExcellentEducation:2002-2006 B.A.,from the English Department,Beijing Foreign Studies University 1992 Graduated from No.5 Midddle School,BeijingWork Experience:Awards:Interests:,祝贺信作用：祝贺信是在喜庆的日子或各种节庆纪念日前夕写个亲朋好友的一种表示祝贺的信函，致贺的内容可以是贺生日、贺结婚、贺毕业、贺获奖、贺乔迁、贺开张、贺升职等，其形式分卡片和信函两种，贺卡多为一般节日或生日祝贺内容，市场均有出售，只需填写收卡人和致贺人的姓名、日期，其他情况则用祝贺信。基本要求英语祝贺信的内容应贴切、热情，一般由称呼、贺词和祝贺人签名三部分组成。1、称呼（Salutation）：指收信人的姓名，一般写在信的左上方。如：Dear James,My Dearest Father and Mother等，有时也可以在称呼前加上To。2、信的主体（Body）：表明祝贺的理由，应清楚地阐述对方获得成功或是值得庆贺的事由，根据实际情况写一些简短的表示良好祝愿和鼓励的话语。注意用词要简练，贴切。3、结尾（Conclusion）：祝贺人签名写在卡片的右下方，姓名前通常加From，但有时也可以不加。,范例Dear James，Allow me to convey my sincere congratulations on your promotion to Manager of the Human Resources of your company.I wish you success in your new post and look forward to closer cooperation with you in the future.Sincerely yours,Li Hai,常用表达方式：1、开始部分句式On the occasion of 值此之际Congratulations on your success/achievement!祝贺您成功！I am writing to convey my warm congratulations on your appointment to 欣闻您荣升一职.特向您致以最衷心的祝贺.Allow me to convey my warm congratulations on.请允许我对表示祝贺.Please accept our heartiest/most sincere congratulations.请接受我们最真诚/诚挚的祝福.Convey my warm congratulations on.对致以热烈的祝贺。I am glad to hear that you were appointed on which I congratulate you most heartily.喜闻您荣升一职，特向您致以最衷心的祝贺。Im so glad to hear of you winning the prize in the.contest.Congratulations!喜闻您在大赛中获奖，特向您表示祝贺。,Please accept my heartiest congratulations on your graduation from.真心祝贺您从毕业。As the New Year is rapidly approaching,I would like to take this opportunity to send my greetings and best wishes to you for 2009.值此2009年即将到来之际，我谨向您致以最良好的祝愿和问候。I am delighted to learn that.得知我非常高兴。This is a special and happy moment for you and I am very proud of your achievement.对您来说，这是一个特殊的时刻、一个高兴的时刻，我为您的成就而感到骄傲。I believe this position will be a new beginning,a chance for you to embrace a fuller life and pave the way foe a brilliant future career.我相信这个职位是一个新的开始，这将使您拥有更充实的生活，并为您的灿烂未来打下基础。,2中间部分句式I am delighted that the many years of service you have given to your company/school has been recognized and appreciated.多年来您对公司/学校的贡献被认可、欣赏，我非常高兴。I also thank you for the assistance you have given the in my work and look forward to further cooperation in the future.我也感谢您对我工作给予的支持，并期望未来能有更好的合作。,3结束部分句式Hope things are going all right with you.祝万事如意！I send you my best wishes for the future.祝您前程远大！We wish you success in.祝贺您在取得成功！Look forward to closer cooperation with you.期待与您更密切的合作。We wish you success in your new post and look forward to closer cooperation with you in the development of trade between our two companies.我们祝愿您在新的职位取得成功，期待我们在贸易发展上进一步合作。I hope that the coming year will bring a further increase in exchange of culture between our two countries and we look forward to continued friendly relations with you.希望在新的一年里我们两国之间的文化交流有进一步的增加，并希望我们的友好关系继续下去。,May the trade connections between our countries continue to develop with each passing day!愿我们两国之间的贸易联系持续发展。另外，祝贺新婚和祝贺新年有一些常用的表达方式，下面单列出来供参考：贺新婚I wish you much happiness together.愿你俩婚姻幸福美满。Best wishes for many years of happiness for the two of you.愿你俩百年好合。I hope that this is the beginning of a wonderful life together.我希望这是你们美好生活的开始。For a special couple:Congratulations on your wedding.献给一对与众不同的新人：祝新婚快乐。May you two always be in love!May happiness increase with age!祝你俩永浴爱河，白头偕老！May everyday in your life together be as full of happiness and joy as your wedding day.愿你俩的每一天都能像新婚时一样，洋溢着快乐和喜悦。I wish you an everlasting and unchanging marriage.祝天长地久。Congratulations and have a beautiful honeymoon.恭喜你们，祝你们有个美好的蜜月。,贺新年I would like to wish you a joyous new year and express my hope for your happiness in the future.祝你有个愉悦的新年,并愿你幸福快乐,事事如意.May you have many dreams fulfilled.祝你许多美梦都能成真.Wishing you and your family peace and prosperity for the coming year.祝福你与家人吉祥平安.Best of luck in your business in the year ahead.愿您今年事业顺利.I hope there will be a promotion for you this year.愿您今年步步高升.Wishing you great success in the future.祝您未来事业顺遂.May success and happiness follow you throughout the year.愿今年成功和快乐与你相伴.I wish you an abundant harvest.祝您今年大丰收.Im sure that your business will continue to thrive this year.我相信今年您的生意将更兴隆。May your year be a profitable one.祝你今年财源滚滚。Have a prosperous and happy new year.恭喜发财，新年快乐。I hope all goes well in the coming year.祝您新的一年万事如意。I wish you longevity and health.愿您福寿安康。I wish you continued good health in the coming year.我希望您今年跟去年一样健康。May good health follow you throughout the year.Happy New Year.愿您今年健健康康。新年愉快。,道歉信 道歉信通常是因工作失误或者个人不便，引起对方的不快，向对方表明歉意，并请求对方谅解以增进友谊和信任的信函。道歉信的核心是向收信人表明歉意，请求对方谅解自己的过失或给对方带来的不快。写道歉信时要明确不是找借口为自己辩护，而是承认自己的过错并提出弥补过错的具体建议和方法。此类信件的关键是主题明确，用词准确，表达真诚。,基本要求：1、称呼（Salutation）：当接受道歉的人是写信人熟悉的人时，称呼一栏一般用Dear加上名字，如Dear John,Dear Bob等，当接受道歉的人是长辈时，称呼一栏用Dear Mr./Miss/Ms./Mrs.加上收信人姓氏，如Dear Mr.Yang,Dear Miss Brown等,如果无法确定收信人，称呼一栏可用Dear加上对方职位，如Dear Sales Manager，Dear President等或用Dear Sir/Madam，或To Whom It May Concern。2、信的主体（Body）：道歉信的主体通常包含道歉的具体原因，应尽量详细描述事实经过，表示歉意时态度要真诚。结尾部分应再次表明承认错误的态度，请求收信人的谅解。也可以提出补救的办法。3、结尾（Conclusion）：一般写上Yours truly，或Yours sincerely，,然后在下一行签名。,范例Dear Bob，Thanks very much for the invitation to your birthday party on Saturday,but Im afraid I wont be able to come.I have to go on an important business trip tomorrow and wont be back until next Monday.Im really sorry to miss the party and hope you have a wonderful time.Ill visit you when I get back.All the best！Yours,Mary,常用表达方式：1、开始部分句式I would like to offer my apologies for.对于我向您道歉。Please accept my sincere apology for.请接受我关于的真诚道歉。I feel truly sorry about it and want you to know what happened.我为此感到非常内疚，所以想让您知道实情。Please forgive me for my inappropriate choice of words.请原谅我的用词不当。Please accept my apologies for the oversight.请原谅我的疏忽。,2、中间部分句式My brother is ill in hospital and nobody looks after him except me.我弟弟生病住院，需要我照顾他。Because of my carelessness I lost your favorite bike which you lent me last week.由于我的粗心，我弄丢了上周借你的你心爱的自行车。We will leave for teaching practice this Friday,which lasts until the beginning of next term,so I wont be able to attend your wedding on Saturday.我们将于本周五动身进行教学实习，到下学期开学时返回，因此不能参加你星期六举行的婚礼。My friend Kate was so interested in the film I borrowed from you,and she would like to keep it for three more days,so I couldnt give it back to you on time.因我的好友Kate对从你处借来的电影感兴趣，她希望能保留该片三天，故未能按时归还。,3、结束部分句式Once again,Im sorry for any inconvenience caused.我再一次为造成的不便表示歉意。I sincerely hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.我真心希望你能理解我的处境，并接受我的道歉。Please allow me to say sorry again.请允许我再次表示歉意。Lets not allow a little misunderstanding to come between us.可别让我们之间存在哪怕点点的误解。I am indeed very sorry for what I said/did,but it was not my intention to cause offence.对于我说的话/做过的事，我确实感到很抱歉。但请相信，我并非要故意冒犯你。,投诉信作用 投诉信是当消费者的合法权益受到侵害时，消费者向有关部门说明事实，提出问题并希望问题得到合理解决的信件。投诉信的核心是对所投诉的问题要实事求是，阐述清楚，要求语言准确，表述清晰，并明确提出解决问题的办法。,基本要求：1、称呼（Salutation）:接受投诉信的人一般为公司或销售部门负责人。如果知道对方姓氏，如Dear Mr.Yang,Dear Miss Brown等；如果无法确定收信人时，称呼一栏可用Dear加上对方职位，如Dear Sales Manager,Dear President等；或用Dear Sir/Madam,或To Whom It may Concern.2、信的主体（Body）：投诉信的主体通常包含写投宿信的原因（例如：近期所购买商品的质量问题，居住环境周围的噪音等侵害消费者个人利益的问题），简述所投诉对象给消费者的工作、生活带来的不便和造成的具体损失。同时，明确提出解决办法（如换货、退货赔偿或要求对方停止侵害消费者利益的行为等）。要求实事求是地反映问题，提出的解决问题的办法要切实可行。3、结尾（Conclusion）：投诉信属于比较正式的社交信函，结尾敬语一般写上：Yours sincerely/respectively/cordially,然后在下一行签名。,范例Dear Sir，Last week I received the dress that I ordered from your shop,but it doesnt fit.You sent me the wrong size.I am returning it with this letter and hope to receive the larger size.Please note that I need Size 165/170A Thank you.Yours faithfully，Linda,常用表达方式：1、开始部分句式I am writing to make a complaint about.我写信是为了投诉I am most reluctant to complain,but.我非常不愿意投诉，但One annoying aspect of your service is.你们的服务项目中一个令人不满的地方是I have been pleased with your services for years,but now I feel very disappointed.多年来我一直很满意你们的服务，但现在我非常失望。I would like to draw your attention to a problem/fault.我想让您知道这个问题/错误I am writing to inform you that I find.unsatisfactory.我写信是为了告诉你我发现令人非常不满意。I wish to express my dissatisfaction/disappointment about.我想表达我对的不满/失望。,2中间部分句式I found there was a hole in the back of the shirt.我发现衬衣后背上有个洞。Some key-press still does not work well after three weeks.三个星期后有些按键仍不灵活。The shoes were perfect when I tried them on,but after two days the heel on the left shoe fell off.在试穿时，鞋很舒适，但才穿了两天，左鞋后跟就掉了。You sent me the wrong size.你们给我发错了尺码。3.结束部分句式It would be highly appreciated if you could.如果你能我将万分感谢。I trust you will take my complaints seriously and.我相信你会认真对待我的投诉，并且I hope you will give due attention to this matter.希望你能对此事给予足够的重视。I would like to get this matter settled by the end of this month.我希望到月底能解决这事。I will be satisfied if you could.如果你能我将会非常满意。I would appreciate it very much if you could.如果你能我将非常感谢。,电子邮件基本要求：电子邮件一般由三部分组成：邮件头（e-mail header）、正文（message content）和签名（signature）。1、邮件头包括寄件人（From）的邮件地址（计算机自动输入），收件人（To）的邮件地址（发件人输入），抄送（Cc）（发件人输入被抄送者邮件地址），主题行（Subject）（发件人输入），日期（Date）（计算机自动输入）。有时候，邮件头中还有暗送（Bcc）,被暗送者也能收到邮件，但他们的名字不会出现邮件头中，所以他们处于匿名状态。Cc是carbon copy的缩写，而Bcc是blind carbon copy的缩写。有时处于礼貌，在Cc栏添加某些人的邮件地址，这些人需要知道邮件主题但未被请求就邮件内容作出反映。他们只需要做到心中有数就行。用Bcc栏需谨慎，因为如上所述，这一栏的人可以看到To和Cc栏内的人的姓名，而自己的姓名却不会被这些人看见。此外，邮件中常有附件（Attachments）。做附件的目的是为了避免邮件太长，影响发邮件的效果（如速度）等，故先做好一个文件（file），然后在发邮件之前，将次文件附加上去，它便成了附件。2、正文是邮件的内容，其书写格式与常规信件相同。3、签名写在邮件最后一行，有时附有发件人的通信地址和电话。,电子邮件格式：From:To:Cc:Subject:Attachments:Date:Dear Mr./Sir/Miss:,范例To:Cc:Subject:InvitationAttachments:Format of invitationDate:June 15,2008Dear Jane:I want to invite you to attend my wedding ceremony.Im so happy to tell you the good news that John and I have decided to get married at Sunshine Hotel on June 18,2008.Please come and share my happiness.All the details of the wedding ceremony are in the attached invitation.I do hope you can come.Best wishes.Yours,Mary,常用表达方式attachments附件 format of invitation正式的邀请函wedding ceremony结婚典礼 check out查收file of report数据报告,备忘录作用 备忘录是一种正式的公文，它结构清晰、阅读方便、传递迅速，主要用来通报消息（会议安排、情况报告、责任确认、问题处理）、回复来函、评估成绩等内部公务，或用来提醒、督促对方，或就某个问题提出自己的意见或看法的应用文件，在机关或公司内部使用较多。基本要求1、文件头（Head）:包括发件人姓名、职务或发件人公司名称；收件人姓名、职务或收件人公司名称；备忘录的主题；写备忘录的日期。2、正文（Body）：在正文中交代的事情要简明扼要，具体事项准确无误，每件事情另起一段表明。3、结束语（Conclusion）:在备忘录的最后，一般要用一句概括性的话强调希望读备忘录的人对备忘录的内容尽快做出反映，语言要简洁而礼貌。,备忘录的常见格式：Memo（写在最上面中间位置）From(自):发文机关的名称或写备忘录的人的姓名。To(送):收文人的姓名或收文机关的名称。Subject(主题):Date(日期):Body(正文):,范例：MemoFrom:Li MingTo:The leader of the student services departmentSubject:ComputersDate:August7,2007Dear Sir，I would like to remind you that we are in need of a computer for each dormitory.As university students,we need to keep in contact with our teachers,friends and people outside the campus online.We need a computer to receive and send messages.Though sometimes we can use computers in class or in Internet cafes,a