英语5种基本句型.ppt

Five Types of Simple Sentences 简单句的五种类型,组成句子的各个组成部分叫句子成分：,1.主语:是一个句子的主干部分之一,主语表明是“什么人”，“什么事”.通常由名词,代词,动词不定式,动名词来充当.,1.Lucy likes her new bike.2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing football after school is great fun.,主,谓,宾,定,状,补,表,2.谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由动词充当.,1.they work very hard.2.Tom feels much better now.(系动词:表示状态,后面往往接形容词或名词。常见的系动词：is,am,are,become,keep,feel,look,smell,sound,taste,grow,get,go,turn,seem),注意：情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.,动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词.,3.表语：跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态.,My sister is a nurse.The trees turn green.The flower is beautiful.To see is to believe.The reason why her absence is that he is ill,3.宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在及物动词或介词后面.由名词,代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词和宾语从句构成.,1.We study English.2.I saw him yesterday.3.He wanted to have a pen.4.She likes playing basketball.5.Our teacher said that he would go there.,注意：双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。He gave me two books.,4.定语:用来修饰名词或代词的词.形容词,形容词性物主代词,名词,不定式,介词短语,不定代词,从句等.1、This is a red car.2、The building is their teaching building.3、The woman doctor is my wife.4、I have something to tell you.5、The man in front of the gate is Mr.Li.6、Every student has an English book.7、I know the boy who is playing basketball on the playground.,5.状语:说明动作或状态特征修饰用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子.副词,介词短语,动词不定式,以及 after,when,as soon as,until,if,before等引起的从句.,You are quite right.They often draw in the park.We came here in order to learn English.If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home.,6.宾补：补充说明宾语。(宾语和宾补之间有逻辑上的主谓关系）,宾语+宾补叫复合宾语，复合宾语有以下几种类型：1 名词（代词）+不定式 2 名词（代词）+分 词 3 名词（代词）+名 词 4 名词（代词）+形容词,1、名词（代词）+不定式John asked me to help him.Let him go home.(此处省略to)I saw her come out of the room.(此处省略to),名词（代词）+分词（现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动）,I found him standing at the gate.She could feel her heart beating violently.He spoke slowly in order to make himself understood.He spoke loudly in order to make himself heard.,名词（代词）+名词（作宾补的表示独一无二的职位前不加the.),They made him captain of the ship.,英语中的句子可以按其作用或者按其语法结构两种标准分类。,按其作用或使用目的，句子可分为：陈述句：This is a truck.这是一辆卡车。疑问句：Is this a truck?这是卡车吗?祈使句：Drive the truck away.把卡车开走。感叹句：What a big truck it is!多么大的卡车!按语法结构，句子可分为：简单句：I am busy.我很忙。并列句：I am busy washing,but he is playing football with them.我在忙着洗衣服，但他却在跟他们踢足球。复合句：Although I am busy washing,he is playing football with them.尽管我在忙着洗衣服，他却在与他们一块踢足球。,按结构英语句子主要可以分成三种：简单句，并列句，复合句 e.g.1)The teachers name is Smith.2)The teachers name is Smith and the students name is John.3)He is Smith who likes going hiking.-4)He is Smith and he likes going hiking.5)Hurry up,or youll be late.6)I saw him when I walked past the street.7)He often gets up early because he wants to catch the early bus.,简单句,并列句,复合句,并列句,并列句,复合句,复合句,十大词类(Parts of Speech)英语中的词可以根据词义，句法作用和形式特征分为十大词类：名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、冠词、连词、数词、感叹词。,需要弄清楚的几个概念：1、及物动词(vt.)：后面带有宾语，意思才能完整。eg.They want some books.He is reading a book.2、不及物动词(vi.)：本身意义完整，不需跟宾语。eg.Birds fly.He works in the factory.3、系动词：系动词本身虽有一定的词义，但不完整，不 能单独作谓语，必须和作表语的词语(如形容词,名词 等)连用,构成谓语。如：be(是),look(看起来像),become(成为,变得)等。eg.They are teachers.He became very interested in science.,句子成分(Elements of the Sentence)组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分，主要有：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、插入语、同位语等，其中主语和谓语是句子的主要成分。,Five Types of Simple Sentences 简单句的五种句型,简单句的五种基本结构：,1.The sun rises.2.I dont like basketball.3.Danny is tired.4.I read her a story.5.I helped her brush her teeth.,主语+不及物动词,主语+及物动词+宾语,主语+系动词+表语,主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语,主语+动词+宾语+宾补,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,Five Types of Simple Sentences:,1.主语+不及物动词,2.主语+及物动词+宾语,3.主语+系动词+表语,4.主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语,5.主语+动词+宾语+宾补,Subject+Intransitive Verb,Subject+Transitive Verb+Object,Subject+Link Verb+Predictive,Subject+Verb+Indirect Object+Direct Object,Subject+Verb+Object+Complement,一、主语+不及物动词（S+V）这种句型中没有直接宾语,但常带有状语。例如：The water is boiling.S V They have been waiting there for hours.S V The train will leave soon.S V The flags are waving in the wind S V,二、主语+及物动词+宾语（S+V+O）He has a sister.S V O They wanted to have a rest.S V O She carried out her plan.S V O He likes watching TV.S V O,三、主语+系动词+表语（S+V+P）英文中的系动词主要是指be动词的各种变化形式，也包括那些有时起系动词作用的实义动词。这类动词常见的有：become（变成）look（看上去）seem(看起来）get（变得)feel（摸起来）grow（变得）turn（变成）keep（保持）stand（保持）stay（保持）smell（闻起来）sound（听起来）taste（尝起来）,He is a good student.S V PShe is in the classroom.S V P It is getting warmer and warmer.S V P The trees turn green.S V P,四、主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（S+V+IO+DO）这类句型常有“给某人某物”、“送某人某物”、“留给某人某物”等意思。常见的这类谓语动词后接to的有：give(给某人)bring(带给某人)tell(告诉某人.)send(送给某人),leave(留给某人)pass(递给某人)read(给某人读)write(给某人写),take(给某人拿)show(给某人看)teach(教某人)get(给某人弄到)lend(借给某人)hand(递给某人),She brought me a shirt.S V IO DOPass him the dictionary,please.V IO DO I lend him my bicycle.S V IO DO=I lend my bicycle to him.后接for的有:make,buy,get,sing,cook等等。Her mother bought her a skirt.S V IO DO=Her mother bought a skirt for her.,五、主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语（S+V+O+C）常带复合宾语结构的及物动词有：feel(感觉到)find(发现)get(使得)have(使，让)hear(听到)keep(保持)make(使)notice(注意到)see(看见)let(使)watch(注视，看)call(称)ask(请求,要求)tell(告诉)want(想要)wish(希望)listen to(听)look at(看，瞧),27,说明:此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如：The sun keeps us warm.I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut.They made Tom monitor.He used to do his homework with his radio on.用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.,常用it做形式宾语的动词有：,think,consider,feel,find,believeeg:I found it impossible to finish so much work in a day.,We call him Xiao Liu.S V O CThe news made me happy.S V O CHe keeps his hand behind his back.S V O CThe story made us laugh.S V O C He heard somebody opening the door.S V O C,划分句子成分:,My sister is a nurse.They are drinking.They are drinking tea.The old man walks in the park.She passed him the salt.We keep the table clean.,_ S,_V,_ P,_ S,_ V,_ S,_ V,_ O,_ S,_ V,_ S,_ V,_ IO,_ DO,_ S,_ V,_ O,_ C,7.They work hard.8.The flower is dead.9.Plants need water.10.He gives me some seeds.11.We should keep the plants in the shade.12.Many animals live in trees.,_ S,_ V,_ S,_V,_ P,_ S,_ V,_ O,_ S,_ V,_IO,_ DO,_ S,_ V,_ O,_ C,_ S,_ V,1.The spring is coming.2.In spring,the weather becomes warmer.3.I have finished my homework.4.Show me your books.5.Keep them warm at night.,S+V,S+V+P,S+V+O,S+V+IO+DO,S+V+O+C,Correct the mistakes:He kept me wait for a week.She looks happily.My mother bought a new shirt to me.Yesterday they arrived Beijing.,waiting,_,_,happy,_,_,for,arrived in,Exercises:指出下列句子的基本类型1.They are listening.2.My mother is fifty now.3.I have bought three books.4.My friend gave me a birthday present.5.I painted the wall white.6.The boss often makes the workers work twelve hours a day.,7They arrived at six oclock.8The map is on the wall9Children often sing this song.10Mr.Wu teaches us English.11She showed her friends all her pictures.12I find him a lovely boy.,