移动通信与仿真3WCDMA.ppt

UMTSW-CDMA,吴伟民电子与信息工程系,1,CONTENTS,+History+Services(QoS)+Sub-system Network+Different modes(FDD vs TDD)+CDMA Code+OVSF Code+Modulations,+MAC Layer+RLC Layer+RRC Layer+PDCP Layer+BMC Layer+Network Access(RACH)+Handovers,+Frame+Power Control Management+Gold Codes,+Physical Channels+Transport Channels+Logical Channels,+UTRAN Protocols+Security in 3G,+Multiplexing Channels2,HISTORYUniversal Mobile Telecommunication SystemReleased by ITU in 1999,IMT-2000,Modulation-Band,FrequenciesMain UMTS:Europe+JapanCreation of 3GPP(ETSI,NttDoCoMo)Re-usingGSM/GPRS Core-network3,HISTORYUniversal Mobile Telecommunication SystemUTI,3GPP,3GPP2,Created inTechnologyOrganizationCore-NetworkAccess Technology,1999UMTSETSITTA TTC ARIBT1 GSM-GPRSDS-W-CDMA(FDD)TD/CDMA(TDD),1999CDMA2000TIA TTA TTC ARIB CWTS ANSI-41DS-MC W-CDMA(IS-95),4,UMTS Services,UMTS,Universal Mobile Telecommunication System,GSM Stage 3,target in 2002.,Services:,Multimedia Service in mobility,Internet Access,and other services based on TCP/IP orUDP/IP,High speech Quality level,Interoperability Services,in different UMTS environments,5,UMTS ServicesQoS,Traffic Classes,ConversationalClassReal TimeConversational,StreamingClassReal TimeStreaming,InteractiveClassInteractivemode:as,BackgroundClassIf its possible,better than,Main FeaturesExample,-Keeppermanentconnectionbetween end-usersSpeech,Keep in livebroadcastedinformationforward usersVideostreaming,Command/ResponseKeepinginformationWebBrowsing,End-user doesnot waitinformation atspecific durationBackgroundapplication,(mail/MSN)6,Sub-system Networks,UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System,Network:,NSS Part:keep GSM and GPRS core-network,BSS Part:new infrastructure,High Speed and quality for Speech with,2 Mbits/s in mobilty,Frequency Bands around 2 GHz,Dynamic Frequency Management in W-CDMA,7,4,4,Sub-system Networks,UMTSBS,Gs,SGSN,Gn,NodeBUTRAN,UMTSBS,UMTSRNCIub,IuGb,GGSNGi,GERAN,GSM,HLR,NodeB,BTSGSMBTS,GSMBSCAbis,A,MSC,VLR,PSTN,Radio Sub-System,Network Sub-System,8,UMTS Modes,ModeMultiple Acces,FDDDS-CDMA,TDDTDMA/CDMA,BandwidthChip RateFrame DurationModulationFrame Structure,4.4 to 5 MHz with step of 200kHz3.84 Mchips/sec10 msQPSK15 slots per frame,SpreadingFactor,4 to 256,1 to 16,Channel Coding,Convolution(1/2-1/3)Turbo Codes per BER 10-3,9,CDMA CodeCDMA:Code Division Multiple Access*In CDMA System every users use SAMEFREQUENCY SIMULTANEMOUS*Each User use own CDMA Code,Code,Frequency,User 3,User 2User 1C3C2C1Time10,CDMA Codebits,chips,EncodeDecode,11,CDMA Code,Correlator,Integration,Symbol,1Correct CodeIncorrect Code,CDMA ReceiverPN(t):Pseudo random Noise Code,Incorrect CodeIncorrect CodeSpreading Code or called Spreading Factor(SF),Chip Rate=Symbol Rate*SF12,CDMA Code,Different Types of Pseudo randomNoise Codes possible:,Orthogonal codes(Walsh)ML Codes,R.Gold Codes Kazumi Codes,13,Orthogonal CodesM-1,2 users(#i,#j)using respectively C#i&C#j(orthogonal codes).Each user sends data bit signal,Ct#i Ct#j=0t=0,*b#ik for user#i*b#jk for user#j:S can be written as:,S=sk0,sk1,skM-1,sk0sk1skM-1,=,b#ik c#i0+b#jk c#j0b#ik c#i1+b#jkc#j1b#ik c#iM-1+b#jk c#jM-1,14,x,0,Orthogonal CodesS signal is applied convolutional code C#i for user#i:,M-1,M-1,S*C#i=stk Ct#i=(b#ik C#it+b#jk C#jt)x C#itt=0 t=0,M-1,M-1,=b#ik,C#it C#it+b#jk C#jt C#it,t=0=b#ik x M,+b#jk x,t=0,(S*C#i)/M=b#ik,Original Data Bit,15,Orthogonal Codes,H1=(+1)+Hn+Hn,Proprity of Walsh-Hadamard matricesHnT=Hn,H2n=Exemple,+Hn-Hn,HnHn=nIn,+1,+1,+1,+1,+1,+1,+1,+1,H2=,+1+1,+1+1,-1+1,+1-1,-1-1,+1+1,-1+1,+1-1,-1-1,+1-1,H8=,+1+1+1+1+1,-1+1-1+1-1,-1+1+1-1-1,+1+1-1-1+1,+1-1-1-1-1,-1-1+1-1+1,-1-1-1+1+1,+1-1+1+1-1,16,OVSF Tree(Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor),Method of the Hadamard,C4,0=(1,1,1,1),C8,0=(1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1),C1,0=(1),C2,0=(1,1),C4,1=(1,1,-1,-1)C4,2=(1,-1,1,-1),C8,1=(1,1,1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1)C8,2=(1,1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,-1)C8,3=(1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,1)C8,4=(1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1),Forbidden Codes,C2,1=(1,-1)Selected Code,C4,3=(1,-1,-1,1),C8,5=(1,-1,1,-1,-1,1,-1,1)C8,6=(1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,-1,1)C8,7=(1,-1,-1,1,-1,1,1,-1),SF=1,SF=2,SF=4,SF=8,Properties of codes OVSF(Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor)Orthogonal sequence,inter-correlation between 2 sequence is ZEROSequences are different sizes following data rate transmission17,18,Orthogonal CodesRatebits=SF x RatechipChip Rate is set to 3.84 Mchips/s in W-CDMA.,Select SF,Select Data Rate,Downlink Channel(DL)SF 4 to 512,Uplink Channel(UL)SF 4 to 256,SF=1,SF=2,SF=4DataRate2Mb/s,SF=8DataRate384kb/s,SF=16DataRate128kb/s,SF=32DataRate64kb/s,SF=64DataRate32kb/s,SF=128DataRate8kb/s,SF=256CommomChannelsCPICH,SF=512SMSSignalling1.7kb/s,P-CCPCH,Cch,SF,k,SFk,Spreading FactorCode Number,(4.512 in DL,4.256 in UL)(0.SF-1),ML Code,ML(Maximum Length)sequence or m-sequence,Pseudo random binary sequence,Synchronisation performance is good Sequence of length(2M-1),Very low autocorrelation values Few sensitive at multipaths,ML code sequence can simply be generated by a shift register with feedback,LFSR(Linear Feedback Sifht Registers):,h(x)=xr+h(r-1)x(r-1)+.h1 x+1,19,Robert Gold Code,Gold Codes are constructed by eXOR-ing two m-sequences of same length 2m-1,Gold sequences have better cross-correlation properties than MLS,20,CDMA CodeUMTS:2 types of codes are used1-Orthogonal CodesSprectrum is spreadFollowing Data Rate2-Gold CodesUsed as Scrambling codeProtection against noise signal and mulitpaths,Data,Code OVSF,Scrambling Code,bit rate,chip rate,chip rate,21,I,GS,CDMA Code:DownLinkUnique Primary SCRAMBLING,Inputx,SP,1 OVFS CODE/InputQ,CODE for the cellI+jQSx,jS1G1,S2,G2,ReT,Pulse-,cos(t),P-SCH,GP,Splitreal&imag.eparties,ImT,shapingPulse-shaping,S-SCH-sin(t)Set on Carrier22,CDMA Code:UpLink,1_I,cd,1,d,cd,3,d,I,Unique,2_I3_I,cd,5,d,SCRAMBLINGCODEfor the UE,ReT,Pulse-,cos(t),1_Q,cd,2,d,I+jQ,S,Splitreal&image.parties,ImT,shapingPulse-shaping,cd,4,d,2_Q,cd,6,d,Q,-sin(t),3_Qj23,24,CDMA Code:OverviewCDMA Codes Principal Allocations,C8,2 C8,3,C8,1,C8,2,C4,1,C8,2 C8,1Cs2 Cs2,C8,1Cs1,C8,1Cs3,C8,1Cs4,F1,Cs1,F1Cs2F1,Cs3,F2,F2F2,Downlink Path,Uplink Path,UTRAN:512 codes of Primary Scrambling Codes:Cs DL24,CDMA Code:Overview,SynchronisationCodesP-SCH&S-SCH,ChannelisationCodes,ScramblingCodes,UL,ScramblingCodes,DL,TypeLengthDurationNumber ofcodesSpreading,Gold Codes256 chips66.67 s1 primary code16 secondary codesNo,OVSF codes4-512 chips(SF)1.04 s-133.34 s=spreading factor4.256 UL,4.512 DLYes,increasesbandwidth,Gold Codes38400 chips(long)256 chips(short)10 ms/66.67 s224No,Gold Codes38400 chips10 ms512(1 primary+15 secondary)No,UL:to separate,Usage,To enable terminalsto locate andsynchronise to thecells main controlchannels,physical data andcontrol data fromsame terminalDL:to separateconnection to different,UEidentification,Cellidentification,terminals in a same,cell,25,Receive Path DelayCDMA Theory,Code#0(bit bn)Code#1(bit bm),Code#0(bit bn+1)Code#1(bit bm+1),Code#0(bit bn+2)Code#1(bit bm+2),Code#0(bit bn+3)Code#1(bit bm+3),Delay,Code#0(bit bn),Code#0(bit bn+1),Code#0(bit bn+2),Code#0(bit bn+3),Code#1(bit bm),Code#1(bit bm+1),Code#1(bit bm+2),Code#1(bit bm+3),-ai and ti:weighting coefficient and delays related to multipaths.,-e(t):data signal-n(t):white noise estimation26,Path,Channel TransmissionFilter Modelisation for Channel Impulse Response:h(t)modifying original signal e(t)and adding white noiser(t)=h(t)*e(t)+n(t)Channel Impulse ResponseN,Double MirroringDiffraction,Receiver,h(t)=,ai(t i)i=1,Estimated Delay for Path#iDirectWeight coefficient for path#i,Number of paths,Average Power|ai|2,Simply MirroringSender27,5,5,Channel TransmissionChannel Transmission is caracterized by:number of paths delay spread weight coefficient by delay Statistic Rule used by weight coefficient,Location,Number of Paths,Delay(s),Statistic,Note,Rule,CityMontain,Weak:5Up to 20,RayleighRayleigh,No Direct Path,Countryside,1 to 2,Very weak:1,Rice,Direct Path,28,CDMA Code:Single RakerPN*(t-0)correlator,Received Signal,on Tb,decision,29,CDMA Code:Multi-Raker,PN*(t-0),A0e-j0,Received Signal,PN*(t-1)PN*(t-2),on Tbon Tb,A1e-j1A2e-j2,on Tbx:estimated delay for channel xAxe-jx:estimated weight coefficient for channel xIn continuous UE and Nobe B estimated ChannelTransmissionChannel Impulse Response with Pilot Bits30,31,CDMA Code:Single Rake Delay 0TbOriginating,SequenceSpreadingSequence,Tc,Sender,Sequence afterdelay,0,Channel,TransmissionSignalWith white NoiseCodeGenerator PN(t),CorrelatorPerform DespreadingOut ofIntegration,Integration during Tb,Receiver,ModulationUMTS uses QPSK Modulation(DL)Quaternary Phase Shift Keying,Data,M,Symbols,Q,Q,I,01,11,Ratebit=2 x RatecomplexsymbolI,00,10,32,ModulationUMTS uses BPSK Modulation(UL)Binary Phase Shift Keying,Data _IData _Q,MM,II,Q,Ratebit=Ratecomplex symbolI,0,1,33,Frame Structure,2560 chips(666.67us,15 Slots for 10 ms,Slot#0,Slot#1,Slot#2,Slot#14,Frame#0,Frame#1 Frame#2,Frame#i,Frame#4095,UE Transmission and Node B Transmission use all SlotsSFN=System Frame NumberSlot is only used to Power Control Managementin each slot Fix Power34,Physical ChannelDPCH:Dedicated Physical Channel(Downlink)Type of Channel:Dedicated(Node B reserves OVSF code for only one UE)I,Duration:1 slot(=2560 chips=666s),SP,Q,I+jQ,Data 1,TPC TFCI,Data 2,Pilot,j2560 chipsControl(DPCCH)Data(DPDCH),Rate:SF=4 to,512(3 to 1872 kbit/s),35,Physical Channel,TFCI:Transport Format Combination Indicator,Scheme description for multiplexing between channel layers,(logical-transport-physical channels),Length:0 8 bits,TPC:Transmit Power Control:Uplink Power Control,Length:2 8bits,Pilot:Sequence used by NodeB and UE for the estimation of channel transmission,Length:4 8 bits,DPCH could have 16 possible formats according to SF usedRec 25.221 Table11,36,Physical ChannelDPCH:Dedicated Physical Channel(Uplink)Type of Channel:Dedicated(Node B reserves OVSF code for only one UE)Duration:1 slot(=2560 chips=666s),I,Data,Q,Pilot,TFCI,FBI,TPC,2560 chips,Control(DPCCH)Data(DPDCH),Rate:,I code:SF=4 256(15 to 960 kbits/s)Q code:SF=256,37,Physical Channel,TFCI:Transport Format Combination Indicator,Scheme description for multiplexing between channel layers,(logical-transport-physical channels),Length:0 8 bits,TPC:Transmit Power Control:downlink Power Control,Length:2 8bits,FBI:FeedBack Indicator:indication used by NodeB in Close-Loop Mode 1,antenna diversity,Pilot:Sequence used by NodeB and UE for the estimation of channel transmission,Length:4 8 bits,3GPP 25.211 5.2.1,38,j,Physical ChannelS-CCPCH:Secondary Common Control Physical Channel(DL)Type of Channel:Common,Duration:1 slot(=2560 chips=666s)TFCI Data(10 1256 bits),Pilot,SP,IQ,I+jQ,2560 chips,Rate:SF=4,256(151908 kbit/s),Used to:Signalling proceduresPaging procedures39,Physical ChannelPRACH:Physical Random Access Channel(UL)Type of channel:Common RACH Channel uses specific SC and common for all UEsDuration:1 slot(=2560 chips=666s),I,Data,Q,Rate:,Pilot2560 chipsI code:SF=32,64,128 and 256,TFCI,Q code:SF=according data channel40,Physical Channel,+Control+,!Control Parameters for physical layer:,synchronization,power measurement,main best cell selection,power consumption management,None data from upper layer is transmitted trough these channels,41,Physical ChannelP-SCH:Primary Synchronization Channel(DL)Type of Channel:ControlBased on 256-Gold CodeDuration:256 Chips every slotsFIX,256 chips,1,1,1,1,1,1,-1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,-1,1,Goal:Getting Slot Synchronization(Every network cells are using same Code)42,Physical ChannelS-SCH:Secondary Synchronization CHannelType of Channel:ControlBased on 256-Gold CodeDuration:256 Chips every slotsCode,256 chips,1 Sequence including 15 codes(1 code per slot),(64 available sequence groups)Goal:Getting Frame SynchronizationGetting sequence for discriminating different cells43,Physical ChannelCPICH:Common Pilot ChannelUsed by UE for decoding Primary Scrambling Code(PSC)Every slot,20 bits of 0 are spreading with OVSF Code:Cch,256,0PSC is set to CPICH and all downlink channels of this cellI,512 Primary Scrambling Codes defined by recommandation=64 x 8=,SP,Q,I+jQ,j64:Sequence Groups detecting thank to,S-SCH,(i),44,Physical Channel,Initial Cell DetectionSlot 12560 chipsCPICH,Slot 2,Slot 15,SCH PrimSCH Sec,CpCi,1s,CpCi,2s,CpCi,15s,256 chips1 frame=10 ms64 sequences CisCPICH:512 primary scrambling codes(64 groups of 8 codes)Cell PSC:Cs45,I,Q,j,Physical ChannelP-CCPCH:Primary Common Control ChannelChannel decodes after downlink synchronization2560 256=2304 chips18 bits/Slot spreads with OVSF code:Cch,256,1!Transport Cell Signalling Information(from RRC layer)!,Eq.BCCH in GSMSystem InformationSlot 1,Slot 2,Slot 15,SP,I+jQ,2560 chips,P-CCPCHSCH PrimSCH Sec,CpCi,1s,18 bits,CpCi,2s,18 bits,CpCi,15s,18 bits,256 chips,1 frame=10 ms,46,Physical ChannelPICH:Paging Indicator ChannelChannel used for controlling UE power consumptionSub-division in Paging Group,288 bits used to paging indication,12 bits(transmission off),Blocknumber,b0 b1 b2,b287 b288,b299,300 bits,SF=256,1 frame:10 ms,Number of Paging IndicatorPer Frame NpNp=18Np=36Np=72,Number of BitsPer Paging Indicator16 bits8 bits4 bits,Np=144,2 bits,00:No Paging Req.11:Paging Req.Ind.47,k,Physical ChannelPICH:Paging Indicator Channel,DRX Cycle,10ms,Paging Range Indicator isshifted at each DRX CylcePaging Indicator=DRX Index mod NpDRX Index=IMSI div 8192-DRX Cycle=2k*10 ms48,Physical Channel:DownlinkRRC,Radio Resource Control,Common,dedicated,PHYSICAL LAYERSynchronisation,P-CCPCHCommon Control(RRC),S-CCPCHCommon Control,DPCHDedicated channels,CPICHScrambling code,P-SCH S-SCHSync Slot Sync Trame,49,GS,Physical Channel+Mulitplexing Modulation:Control&Data Channels Downlink+,All DownlinkPhysical ChannelsDPCHPDSCHS-CCPCHP-CCPCH,SP,ICch,SF,m=SF/canalQ,I+jQ,Sdl,n=PSC of CellS,CPICHjDifferent PhysicalDownlink Channel,(point S),G1,cos(t),G2,ReT,Pulse-,P-SCH,GP,Splitreal&image.parts,ImT,shapingPulse-shaping,S-SCH,Set on Carrier,-sin(t),50,Physical Channel:UplinkRRC,Radio Resource Control,Common PRACH,dedicated PHYSICAL LAYERDPCHDedicated channels,Commun OVSF Code used by all UEs51,I,j,Physical Channel+Mulitplexing Modulation:Data Uplink+,DPDCH1,cd,1cd,3,dd,Multiplexing,DPDCH3DPDCH5,cd,5,d,I+jQ,Sdpch,n,1 DPCCH1 to 6 DPDCH,DPDCH2,cd,2cd,4,dd,S,DPDCH4,Cc SF of 256=Cch,256,x.Cd SF from 4 to 256c and d:gains from 0 to 1,DPDCH6,cd,6cc,dc,Q,Sdpch,n=SC for 1DPDCH,DPCCH,Group52,I,Physical Channel+Mulitplexing Modulation:Data Uplink+,cd,d,PRACH messagedata partPRACH messagecontrol part,Q,I+jQ,Sr-msg,n,S,cc,c,j,Cc=SF of 256=Cch,256,yCd=SF from 32 to 256,Sr-msg,n=1 SC by8192 scrambling codes,Set in carrierReT,Pulse-,cos(t),s,Splitreal&,shaping,imageparties,ImT,Pulse-shaping,-sin(t),53,Transport ChannelLayer 2MAC(Medium Access Control)Transport channels,Layer 1,PHY,Physical channels,54,Transport Channel,SERVICES DO NOT HAVE SPECIFC ENCODING SCHEME,55,Transport Channel,Purpose:Control exchanged data communication between,UE and NodeB,Data Block is called Transport Block(TB):,protected by error code sequence CRC Cyclic redundancy Check,(Checksum-8,12 ou 24),protected by convolutional codebasic type(rate 1,1/2 or 1/3),turbo coding(P