研究生英语阅读教程基础级第三版.ppt

Main Idea,This is a friendly warning to be well-prepared themore,the better and what we can do.,I Maloney described his first experience with this question.After discussing the problems,he turned the question around Why should I be hired?This made the quesiton more significant.Then he knew how to prepare the right credentials,skills and experiences.,1,Main Idea,IIStudents need to expect a shift in their careers three or more times.Many find they never work in their chosen fields.Why?Reduced work forces still needed to maintain the same or higher productivity in the Global Market.Or some earning higher pay had to be laid off only to be,2,Main Idea,replaced by part time or contract workers for less pay.Some government agencies have downsized,some from funding cuts.Now graduates need to learn how to fit into this new work world.IIIMany students simply do not look ahead,do not,3,Main Idea,prepare for the skills needed by future employers.They trust their programs too much.Prepare yourselfto be desirable to prospective employers by takingextra courses in that field,getting good grades allhelps.Get experience volunteer and think aboutwhat type of people are in your chosen field and learnto do the same.,4,Language Points,1.license n c（line 5,para.2）1)document;an official document giving you permission to own or do sth for a period of time;permit颁发/吊销/暂扣/申请驾驶执照 to grant/revoke/suspend a drivers license为设备颁发出口许可证 to issue an export licence for the equipment,5,Language Points,2)n u c an agreement with a company or organi-zation giving permission to make,sell or use their product 我完全取得了行医的许可。I had full license to practice medicine.这些货物只有经许可才可进口。The items could only be imported under licence.,6,Language Points,3)vt to give official permission for someone to do or produce sth,or for an activity to take place 这家餐馆有酒类销售执照。This restaurant is licensed to sell alclhol.药剂师获准开处方配药。The pharmacist is licensed to dispense drugs.,7,Language Points,2.pulse n c singular 1)the regular beat that can be felt,for example at your wrist,as your heart pumps blood around your body;heartbeat 他们经常检查他的呼吸、脉搏和血液。They made frequent checks on his respiration,pulse and blood.他脉搏很弱，但心脏还跳着。His pulse is low,but his heart is still active.,8,Language Points,2)n u the ideas,feelings,or opinions that are most important to a particular group of people or have the greatest influence on them at a particular time 白宫坚持称总统是了解黑人群体的心声的。The White House insists that the President is in touch with the pulse of the black community.,9,Language Points,3.sensation n c（line 5,para.2）1)a feeling that is difficult to describe,caused by a particular event,experience,or memory 漂流会是一种非常惬意的感觉。Floating can be a very pleasant sensation.那么多年以后又见到他，是一种不可思议的感觉。Seeing him again after so many years was a strange sensation.,10,Language Points,2)your ability to feel things physically,especially through your sense of touch 太疼了她都失去了知觉。The pain was so bad that she lost all sensation.神经损伤导致四肢麻木。Nerve damage can lead to loss of sensation in the limbs.,11,Language Points,4.previous adj(line 3,para.4）only before noun having happened or existed before the event,time,or thing that you are talking about now 她前一段婚姻有一个十几岁的女儿。She has a teenage daughter from a previous marriage.她索要了一份去年账目的打印件。She asked for a printout of the previous years accounts.,12,Language Points,5.a speeding ticket n(line 6,para.4）driving offence;a printed note ordering you to pay money because you have done sth illegal while driving or parking your car 拿到超速违章通知单的时候，他很生气。He was very angry when he got the speeding ticket.违章停车通知单 a parking ticket,13,Language Points,2）a printed piece of paper which shows that you have paid to enter a cinema,travel on a bus,plane etc 音乐会招待券 a complimentary ticket to concert 入场券 admission ticket 双程车票 a round-trip ticket,14,Language Points,CATALOGUE,6.open-ended adj（line 2,para.5）sth that is does not have a definite answer or definite rules about how it must be done 这是一个开放性的问题。This is an open-ended question.所有线索都未能导致破案，每条线索都使案情扑 朔迷离。Clues failed to lead to a solution of the crime;all was open-ended.,15,Language Points,7.query n（line 2,para.5）,1)a question,especially one asking for information or expressing a doubt about sth,我们的助理很乐意回答诸位的疑问。,Our assistants will be happy to answer your queries.,若对保险单有疑问，你不妨拨打我们的咨询热线。,If you have a query about your insurance policy,you might as well contact our helpline.,16,Language Points,2)a question,especially one asking for information or expressing a doubt about sth.,因为约翰来不来我不肯定,所以我在他的名字旁边打 个问号。,Because Im not sure if hes coming,I put a query against Johns name.,17,Language Points,3)vt to express doubt about whether sth.is correct or not,账单上的费用似乎太高了,我们对此表示怀疑。,We queried the bill as it seemed too high.,4)written to ask a question,“由谁来当队长呢？”杰克问道。,“Who will be leading the team?”queried Jack.,18,Language Points,8.suitability n u（line 3,para.5）the degree to which sth or someone has the right qualities for a particular purpose 我们想评估一下他是否适合这项工作。We tried to assess his suitability for the job.对这一职位他是否适宜很成问题。His suitability for the post is open to question.,19,Language Points,Confusing spellings:,rsum/resume/assume,rsum n,（line 4,para.5）a short of summary or account of sb,教授将他讲座的要点作了个提要。,The professor gave a rsum of the major points of his lecture.,每一位申请人必须交一份学历简历。,Every applicant must submit a rsum of his education.,20,Language Points,Confusing spellings:,rsum n a short account of ones career and qualifications,resume vi&vt,to begin again or continue after an interruption,喝过茶后，会议继续进行。,After tea,the meeting resumed.,他重新回到公司做原来的工作。,He resumed his former position with the company.,21,Language Points,Confusing spellings:,rsum/resume/assume,assume vt,1)to think or accept that sth.is true but without having proof of it,普遍认为，紧张系工作过重所致。,It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.,2)to take or begin to have power or responsibility,法庭承担了这个女孩的福利责任。,The court assumed responsibility for the girls welfare.,22,Language Points,9.crucial to adj prep（line 4,para.5）extremely important,because everything else depends on it 要实现我们的目标，钱是至关重要的。Money will be crucial to the accomplishment of our objectives.这次试验的成功是整个工程的关键所在。The success of this experiment is crucial to the project as a whole.,23,Language Points,10.pointless adj（line 8,para.5）worthless or not likely to have any useful result 他向我们提了各种毫无意义的问题来拖延时间。He asked us all kinds of pointless questions,stalling for time.我们不了解所有的情况，妄加推测是没有意义的。We dont know all the circumstances,so it would be pointless to speculate.,24,Language Points,11.turn around v adv（line 8,para.5）,1)to turn to the opposite direction or order,我把椅子转过来面向火炉。,I turned my chair around to face the fire.,2)to change sth.from bad to good,采取措施以后，经济有了好转。,Economy has been turned around after some measures had been taken.,CATALOGUE,25,Language Points,12.back up v adv（last line of para.5）1)to supply evidence to suggest that it is true 从该星系中心收到的无线电信号证实了黑洞理论。Radio signals received from the galaxys centre back up the black hole theory.1989年内政部的一份犯罪报告印证了她的观点。Her views are backed up by a 1989 Home Office report on crime.,26,Language Points,2)to make a copy of it which you can use if the original file is damaged or lost 一定要定期备份文件。Make a point of backing up your files at regular intervals.当我因为忘了备份把完成的工作弄丢时，真是懊恼 极了。I get so annoyed when I lose work because Ive forgotten to back it up.,27,Language Points,3)to provide support or help for someone or sh 他的雇主给予了他支持。His employers backed him up.4)the car or other vehicle that you are driving moves back a short distance 那辆公共汽车不得不先往后退，然后再掉头。The bus had to back up and turn around.,28,Language Points,13.credential n（line 12,para.5）,1)documents attesting to the truth of certain stated facts,公司的主管正在查验他的资格证书。,The manager of the company is examining his credentials.,2)the qualities,training or experience that make you suitable to do sth.,他做这项工作完全够格。,He has all the credentials for the job.,CATALOGUE,29,Language Points,14.take for granted（line 1,para.6）to expect that someone or sth will always be there when you need them and never think how important or useful they are 不要认为他的帮助是应该的。Dont take his help for granted.我们不要认为什么都是理所当然的。We shouldnt take anything for granted.,30,Language Points,15.downsize vt&vi（line 1,para.7）a company or orga-nization reduces the number of people it employs in order to reduce costs 美国制造商们一直在缩小他们工厂的规模。American manufacturing organizations have been downsizing their factories.销售业绩减少很多，所以他们必须缩小规模。Sales have decreased so much that they need to downsize.,31,Language Points,CATALOGUE,16.picktake up the slack（line 6,para.7）to make a system or organization as efficient as possible by making sure that money,space,or people are fully used 如果你交不起学费，你父母能帮忙吗？If you can not afford the fare,can your parents picktake up the slack?由于大型航空公司放弃了乘客较少的路线，一些较小 的飞机正在加紧补位。As major airlines give up less-traveled routes,smaller planes are picking up the slack.,32,Language Points,slack adj there is not much work or activity 电脑业的淡季 the slack season in computer industry对商品需求的萎缩 the slack demand of the productslacks plural trousers 她从不穿休闲裤。She never wears slacks.,33,Language Points,CATALOGUE,17.benefit packages n c plural（line 10,para.7）extra money or other advantages that you get as part of your job or from insurance that you have 确保酒店的薪资福利水准在市场上具竞争力。Ensure that salary and benefit packages are competitive with the market.我们提供一流的福利待遇。We offer an excellent benefits package.,34,Language Points,CATALOGUE,18.cuts n c plural（line 3,para.8）reduction a reduction in the size or amount of sth,especially the amount of money that is spent by a government or company 药品的价格已大幅度下调。Big cuts have been made in the prices of money.国会强烈反对削减军费开支。Congress is strongly opposed to cuts in miliatary spending.,35,Language Points,19.nasty a（line 4,para.8）,1)dangerous or serious,他的眼神里露出凶光。,He has a nasty look in his eye.,交通事故发生后，他因严重的伤势被当即送往医救 治。,He was sent to hospital for treatment due to a nasty injury after the traffic accident.,36,Language Points,2)very bad or unpleasant,她要跟着我，这会我感到十分不快。,I had a nasty feeling that she would follow me.,3)unkind;unfriendly,她听见玛丽在说我的坏话。,She heard Mary making nasty remarks about me.,37,Language Points,20.brutish adj（line 4,para.8）,1)showing lack of human sensibility,我无法容忍虐待动物的人。,I cant stand people who are brutish to animals.,2)resembling a breast,他父亲是个蛮横的醉鬼。,His father is a brutish drunken man.,38,Language Points,CATALOGUE,21.put sth on the correct track（line 11,para.10）to think in a way that is likely to lead to a correct or incorrect result 我们有责任帮助他们走上正道。It is our responsibility to put them on the right track.生产已经走上轨道。Production has already been put on the right track.Antonym:on the wrong track,39,Language Points,a detailed description of how sth.is,or should be designed or made,22.specification n（line 1,para.11）,办公室是按高规格装潢的。,The office was furnished according to a high specification.,设计师并没有提供这辆新型号轿车的技术规格。,The designer did not provide the technical specifications of this new model car.,CATALOGUE,40,Language Points,specify vi to give information about what is required or should happen in a certain situation他尚未明确说明自己希望他们采取什么样的行动。He has not specified what action he would like them to take.我们应指定会议的时间和地点。We should specify a time and a place for the meeting.,41,Language Points,23.prospective a（line 3,para.11）1)expected to do sth.or to become sth.他是个有潜力的领导者，能管理这个国家。He is a prospective leader who is able to control the country.这篇报道应该对其他潜在的购买者起到警示作用。The story should act as a warning to other prospective buyers.,42,Language Points,2)expected to happen soon 他们对即将做出的法律修改忧心忡忡。They are worried very much about prospective changes in the law.可能达成的交易的条款 the terms of the prospective deal,43,Language Points,Synonyms:anticipated,coming,intended,forthcoming,future,imminent,intended,likely,possible,potential,probableConfusing spelling:prospective adj perspective n a way of thinking about sth;viewpoint,44,Language Points,CATALOGUE,24.optional adj（line 7,para.11）you do not have to do it or use it,but you can choose to if you want to;not compulsory 性教育对某些家长而言是个敏感领域，因此应该 保持其非强制性。Sex education is a sensitive area for some parents,and thus it should remain optional.考试中有些非必答问题。There are some optional questions in the examination.,45,Language Points,to add sth.to sth.in order to improve it or make it more complete,25.supplement vt（line 10,para.11）,他在晚上做家教以补充收入。,He supplements his income by giving private lessons in the evenings.,搭配有维生素片的饮食有助于她手术后的康复。,A diet that is supplemented with vitamin pills is helpful to her recovery from the operation.,46,Language Points,2)a pill that you take or a special kind of food that you eat in order to improve your health 我吃含复合维生素和矿物质的营养剂。I take a multiple vitamin and mineral supplement.3)a separate part of a magazine or newspaper,often dealing with a particular topic 这是一本金融杂志月刊的特别增刊。This is a special supplement to a monthly financial magazine.,47,Language Points,26.make-over n C U（last but 2nd line of para.11）,(the process of)using again in altering form,老师认为这位女孩需要在性格上做些改造。,The teacher thinks that the girl needs a slight personality make-over.,你的工作尚有改进的余地。,There is still room for make-over in your work.,48,Language Points,27.sound out v adv（line 5,para.13）,to try to learn someoneopinions and intentions,often in an indirect way；to feel out,我想就一项工作探探他的口风。,I wanted to sound him out about a job.,他们决定试探一下她对那个项目的兴趣。,They decided to sound out her interest in the project.,49,Language Points,placent aaj（line 6,para.13）,pleased with a situation,especially sth you have achiev-ed,so that you stop trying to improve or change things;self-satisfied,我们决不能因进步变得自满。,We must not become complacent about progress.,他审视着自己的画作，一脸喜色。,There was a complacent look in his face as he examined his paintings.,complacency n,the state of being complacent,50,Language Points,29.human resources n u（line 5,para.14）or HR,the department in a company that deals with employing,training,and helping people 我们有举世无双的人力资源。We have unparalleled human resources.人力资源管理是任何工作特别是家庭工作成功 的关键。Management of human resources is a key to success in any operation,particularly a family operation.,51,Language Points,30.pay off v adv（line 7,para.14）,1)to yield a profit or result,他们的努力终于有了回报。,Their greater efforts paid off in the end.,2)to finish paying money owed for sth,我们历经十年的时间还清了抵押借款。,We paid off our mortgage after ten years.,52,1.I was no more prepared to be caught speeding than I was prepared to explain why I should be permanently employed teaching English at a community college.(line 2,para.2),Difficult Sentences,我没有做好超速被抓的思想准备，正如我没有做好让我解释为什么要长期雇用我在一所社区大学教英语的思想准备是一样的。,53,2.The question is a significant one,not just because you will encounter it,in some form,as part of a job interview,along with other“open-ended”queries designed to uncover your understanding of the position and of the suitability of your qualification.(line 1,para.5),Difficult Sentences,这是一个重要的问题，不仅仅是因为在工作面试中你会以某种形式遇到它，它还与其他一些已设计好的开放性问题一起来考察你对这个职位的了解程度，考察你对自己的资历是否适合这个职位的了解程度。,54,3.In some companies,another consequence of a smaller workf