物流基础知识和专业术语.ppt

物流基础知识,初步了解基本概念专业术语常用语主要港口传播名称,初步了解,首先我们了解客户的货量，货物品名，货好的时间，以及客户需要的出口方式，然后根据这些情况，我们跟船公司或者其他代理公司询价，从中选择最优势的价格及方式，然后推荐给客户，客户如果确定价格确定要订舱，就把我司的空白订舱单（BOOKING FORM）给客户填写所需信息，我司收到客户的订舱单再根据客户的要求向船公司或者代理公司订舱。跟船公司订舱之后，船公司会放S/O(SHIPPING ORDER)给我们，拿到之后如果客户要我们安排拖车报关，那我们就帮客户安排，如果客户要自拖自报，就把S/O发给客户就行了(发给客户的时候要把S/O上面其他公司资料删掉)。在截关要跟客户对好提单资料，包括发货人、收货人、通知人、品名、重量、体积、件数、唛头、柜号封号等，再确认放货方式（出正本提单还是做电放），等收到船公司的账单之后我们做出费用账单给客户安排收款，等收到客户的款项并在客户确认可以放货之后就可以安排把正本提单寄给客户或者安排电放。,基本概念一,1.Logistics is referred to the article flow,but not including the flow of the people.物流是指物品流动，但不包括人流。2.The concept of article in logistics includes tangible goods and intangible service,such as customer service,freight agents and logistics network design.物流中，物品的概念包括有形的货物和无形的服务，如客户服务、货运代理及物流网络设计。3.Logistics documents generally refer to documentations required to complete all processes of logistics,such as contracts,bills,and notes.物流单证一般是指完成整个物流过程所需的文件，如合同、票据、签单。4.The external logistics is about the macro economic activities,like international trade and global investment.社会物流主要关于宏观经济活动，如国际贸易和全球投资。5.The four key procedures in the internal logistics are supply,production,distribution and reverse.企业物流的四个关键步骤是：供应、生产、销售和回收。6.Supply Chain Management(SCM)is a system applied to maximize profits for all parties in the whole logistic system and other economic systems.供应链管理（SCM）是一个系统，应用于将整个物流系统与其他经济体系的所有各方的利益最大化。7.A standarized logistic system ensures better time management,location choices and distribution capacities.一个标准化的物流管理系统应确保更好的时间管理、地点选择和分配能力。8.Distribution capacity is value added in the logistic system.配送能力是物流系统的增值(服务)。9.Logistics system includes customer service,packaging,transportation,storage,distribution processing and information control.物流系统包括客户服务，包装，运输，仓储，流通加工和信息控制。,基本概念二,10.Market share is the proportion of sales of a good or service provided by one company to the industry sales of such good or service.市场份额是指一家公司提供的商品或服务等占行业销售的该商品或服务的比例。11.The need for outsourcing creates Third Party Logistics.外包需求催生第三方物流。12.Customer Relationship Management(CRM)is software to manage the relationship and communication between customers and suppliers.客户关系管理（CRM）是管理软件，用于管理客户及供应商之间的沟通与关系。13.Exclusive distribution refers to the fact that there is only one wholesaler or retailer who selling a product or providing a certain service.独家分销是指，只有一个批发商或零售商销售某种产品或提供某种服务。14.A logistic model is a standardized module that is used to regulate the cargo transportation,manage logistics facilities and equipments.物流模型是一个标准化的模块，用于调节货物运输、管理物流设施和设备。15Letter of credit(L/C)is used exclusively by the buyer.It is a letter issued by the bank employed by the buyer which authorizes the bearer(the supplier or seller)to draw a stated amount of money from the issuing bank.信用证(L/C)使用时完全由买方承担。它是由受雇于买方的银行发行的一封信，授权信用证的持有者从发信银行提取指定额度的资金。16.A logistics center consists of a series of integrated logistic activities,processes,equipments,and information network.物流中心由一系列的综合物流活动，过程，设备，信息网络组成。17.Third Party Logistics refers to specialized logistics service providers that provide specific services for suppliers and customers.第三方物流是指专业化的物流服务提供商，为供应商和客户提供具体服务。18.Customized logistics refer to a logistic system or process specifically designed to cater to an individual customers requirements and needs.定制物流是指一个专门设计的物流系统或过程，可迎合个别客户的要求和需要。,基本概念三,20.Bridge transport refers to containers transported by railway using the bridges that link both ends separated by river or oceans.桥运输是指借助于链接被河流或海洋隔开的两端的桥梁，通过铁路运输的集装箱。21.International logistics is a result of international commercial activities,cross border investment,and importing and exporting activities.国际物流是国际商业活动、跨境投资、进口和出口活动的结果。22.Time value in logistics refers to the differences in value of the same goods at different time.物流的时间价值是指同一商品在不同时间的价值差异。23.Location value in logistics refers to the differences in value of the same goods in different locations.物流的空间价值是指同一商品在不同地点的价值差异。24.Logistics vehicles include ships,trucks,trains and aircrafts used in the logistics process.物流运输工具包括在物流过程中使用的船只、卡车、火车和飞机。25.The main differences between the traditional and modern logistic systems are the usage of containers and information technologies.传统与现代物流系统的主要区别是对集装箱和信息技术的使用。26.Integrated logistics management was the early stage of Supply Chain Management(SCM).综合物流管理是供应链管理（SCM）的早期阶段。27.International transport is the major part in international logistics.国际运输是国际物流的重要组成部分。28.Third Party Logistics assist the execution of logistic activities.第三方物流协助物流活动的执行。29.Fourth Party Logistics is the planner and manager for logistics network,while Third Party Logistics is the supplier of logistics service,like transport and storage.第四方物流是物流网络策划者和管理者，而第三方物流是物流服务供应商，如运输和储存。30.Supply Chain is the relationship between suppliers and customers.In the supply chain,suppliers rank before buyer,seller and customers.供应链是供应商与客户的关系。在供应链中，供应商排名在买方、卖方和客户之前。,基本概念四,31.Logistics activities,especially transportation have a major impact on the environment.物流活动，特别是运输对环境有重大影响。32.Logistics is a combination of applied technology and business management.物流是应用技术和业务管理的结合。33.Insurance is very important to logistics because of the potential hazards and dangers in the process,such as fire,theft,handling damage and even the natural disasters.对物流而言，保险非常重要，因为物流过程中有潜在危害和危险，如火灾、盗窃、损坏，甚至自然灾害。34.Costs for logistics are similar to all other businesses and include fixed cost,variable cost and management cost.物流成本与所有其他商业活动类似，包括固定成本、可变成本和管理成本。35.The process to handle export and import with the international customs is the customs declaration.与国际海关处理出口和进口的过程即报关。36.Customer services link all logistics activities effectively.客户服务有效地连接所有的物流活动。37.The bank is a third party in the payment process between the buyers and sellers.银行是在买家和卖家之间付款过程的第三方。38.Letter of Credit is issued by the buyers bank for the importers benefits.信用证由买方银行以进口商的名义签发。39.Industry competition leads to more efforts to improve customer service.行业竞争导致了更多努力，以改善客户服务。40.For small and medium-sized companies,logistics management is still largely decentralized.对于小型和中型公司，物流管理在很大程度上仍是分散的。41.Customer service is specially set up to provide services to handle and inquiry and respond to demands from customers.客户服务是专门设立提供服务，以处理、询问和响应来自客户的需求。,基本概念五,42.Safety is always the top concern for warehouses to handle goods.安全始终是仓库货物处理最关心的问题。43.Logistics information refers general logistics knowledge,materials,images,data and documentation.物流信息是指一般的物流知识、资料、图像、数据和文件。44.Most large companies locate in the Central Business District of a city.大多数大型公司位于一个城市的中央商务区。45.In a bull market,market prices for most goods will continuously go up.在牛市中，大多数商品市场价格将不断上升。46.The payment of most global transactions is carried out in the form of letter of credit.大多数全球交易的付款采用信用证的形式。47.Distribution processing value is the value added by changing the length,thickness and package of goods.配送加工价值是通过改变货物的长度、厚度和包装产生的增值。48.Communication links the entire logistics process with customers.通信将整个物流过程与客户连接。49.Demand forecasting helps managers to use their resources effectively.需求预测可以帮助管理者有效地利用其资源。50.The process to operate and manage logistics is logistics control activities.操作和管理物流的过程就是物流控制活动。51.Supply logistics is the procedure in which orders are taken from customers and purchases are delivered to the warehouse belonged of the customers.供应物流是一种程序，在其中，订单从客户获取，购买的物品则被配送到客户所属的仓库。52.Distribution processing is different from a manufacturing process.流通加工不同于制造过程。53.Distribution logistics is the delivery of process in which final products are delivered from sellers to buyers.配送物流是最终产品从卖方交付给买家的运送过程。,空运与国际快递,空运 空运的主要流程跟海运差不多，根据客户货物信息跟航空公司或者空运代理公司询价，报价给客户确认要出货之后，需要客户提供有详细资料的空运BOOKING FORM，因为空运时效性比较强，订舱的时候最好就提供准确的空运提单信息，以免到后面再对提单资料会耽误航班。确认好航班时间之后，交货到空运仓库然后安排报关，货物报好关才能上飞机。空运的提单都是直接随货飞，而不是出了提单再要寄给客户的。空运是按公斤报价，但是如果材积重大于实重那就按材积重收费。所谓实重就是货物的实际重量，而材积重=货物的体积(立方米)*167，这两个重量哪个重量大就按哪个重量收费。国际快递 根据客户货物的重量尺寸及产品名称报价，客户确认好价格之后，叫客户把货寄到我们公司，我们再寄给国际快递的代理，或者我们安排提货送到代理公司。快递货物需要有商业发票随货一起，方便目的港清关用。快递跟空运一样，也是按公斤报价，要看材积重，如果材积重大于实重，是按材积重收费的，快递材积重=长*宽*高（厘米）/5000(或6000)。所以报价的时候一定要问情况客户的货物体积，以免报错价格。,基本港口,深圳有两大港口，盐田和蛇口，蛇口又分为SCT（蛇口码CCT（赤湾码头），妈湾，大铲湾，招港。北美基本港 ATLANTA,GEORGIA 亚特兰大，乔治亚州 CHICAGO,ILLINOIS 芝加哥，伊利诺伊州 COLUMBUS,OHIO 哥伦布，俄亥俄州 DALLAS,TEXAS 达拉斯，德克萨斯州 DENVER,COLORADO 丹佛，科罗拉多州 DETROIT,MICHIGAN 底特律，密歇根州 HALIFAX,NOVA SCOTIA 哈利法克斯，新斯科舍 LONG BEACH.CALIFORNIA 长滩，加利福尼亚州 LOS ANGELES,CALIFORNIA 洛杉矶，加利福尼亚州欧洲基本港 ANTERWERP,BELGIUM 安特卫普，比利时 FELIXSTOWE,U.K 菲利克斯托，英国 HAMBURG,GERMANY 汉堡，德国 HELSINKI,FINLAND 赫尔辛基，芬兰 LE HAVRE,FRANCE 勒阿弗尔，法国 MADRID,SPAIN 马德里，西班牙 OSLO,NORWAY 奥斯陆，挪威 ROTTERDAM,NETHERLANDS 鹿特丹，荷兰 SOUTHAMPTON,U.K 南安普顿，英国日本，南韩基本港 BUSAN,KOREA 釜山，南韩 HAKATA,JAPEN 伯方，日本 INCHON,KOREA 仁川，南韩 KOBE,JAPEN 神户，日本 MOJI,JAPEN 门司，日本 NAGOYA,JAPEN 名古屋，日本 OSAKA,JAPEN 大阪，日本 TOKYO,JAPEN 东京，日本 YOKOHAMA,JAPEN 横滨，日本,地中海，中东基本港 ADEN,YEMEN 亚丁，也门 ASHDOD,ISRAEL 阿什杜德，以色列 BANDAR ABBAS,IRAN 阿巴斯港，伊朗 BUSHEHR,IRAN 布什尔，伊朗 DAMMAM,SAUDI ARABIA 达曼，沙特阿拉伯 DUBAI,UNITED ARAB EMIRATES 迪拜，阿拉伯联合酋长国 HAIFA,ISRAEL 海法，以色列 ISTANBUL,TURKEY 伊斯坦布尔，土耳 JEBEL ABLI,UNITED ARAB EMIRATES 杰贝阿里，阿拉伯联合酋长国东南亚基本港 BANGKOK,THAILAND 曼谷泰国 HAIPHONG,VIETMAN 海防，越南 HO CHI MINH,VIETMAN 胡志明，越南 JAKARTA,INDONESIA 雅加达，印尼 MANILA(N/S),PHILIPPINES 马尼拉（北/南）港，菲律宾 PORT KLANG(N/W),MALAYSIA 巴生港（北/西），马来西亚 SINGAPORE,SINGAPORE 新加坡，新加坡印度，巴基斯坦基本港 CALCUTTA,INDIA 加尔各答，印度 CHENNAI,INDIA 清奈，印度 CHITTAGONG,BANGLADESH 吉大港，孟加拉 COLOMBO,SRI LANKA 科伦坡，斯里兰卡 MUMBAI,INDIA 孟买，印度 NEW DELHI,INDIA 新德里，印度 NHAVA SHEVA,INDIA 纳瓦夏娃，印度 KARACHI,PAKISTAN 卡拉奇，巴基斯坦澳洲基本港BRISBANE,AUSTRALIA 布里斯班，澳洲 KOROR,PALAU 科罗尔，帛琉 MELBOURNE,AUSTRALIA 墨尔本，澳洲 SYDNEY,AUSTRALIA 悉尼，澳洲,船公司名,英文简称 中文简称 ANL 澳航 APL 美国总统轮船 CMA 达飞轮船 COSCO 中远 CP 加拿大航运 CSAV 南美船务 CSCL 中海 DSR 德国胜利 ESL 阿联酋航运 EMC 长荣 GSL 金星航运 HAMBURGSUD 汉堡南美 HEUNG-A 兴亚RCL 宏海箱运 SITC 新海丰航运TSL 德翔航運 UASC 阿拉伯轮船 WHL 万海,英文简称 中文简称 HJ 韩进海运 HMM 现代商船 HPL 赫伯罗特 K-LINE 川崎 KMTC 高丽海运 MAERSK 马士基 MARUBA 阿根廷马鲁巴航运 MISC 马来西亚船务 MOL 商船三井 MSC 地中海 NCL 北欧亚 NYK 日本邮船 OOCL 东方海外 PIL 太平国际船务YML 阳明 ZIM 以星 SCI 印度国航,专业术语一,Gross Registered Tonnage(GRT)注册(容积)总吨Net Registered Tonnage(NRT)注册(容积)净吨Deadweight Tonnage(All Told)(DWT or D.W.A.T)总载重吨位(量)Gross Dead Weight Tonnage 总载重吨位Dead Weight Cargo Tonnage(DWCT)净载重吨Light Displacement 轻排水量Load(Loaded)Displacement 满载排水量Actual Displacement 实际排水量Over weight surcharge 超重附加费Bunker Adjustment Factor(Surcharge)(BAS or BS)燃油附加费Port Surcharge 港口 附加费,Port Congestion Surcharge 港口 拥挤附加费Currency Adjustment Factor(CAF)货币贬值附加费Deviation surcharge 绕航附加费Direct Additional 直航附加费Additional for Optional Destination 选卸港附加费Additional for Alteration of Destination 变更卸货港附加费Fumigation Charge 熏蒸费Bill of Lading 提单On Board(Shipped)B/L 已装船提单Received for shipment B/L 备运(收妥待运)提单Named B/L 记名提单Bearer B/L 不记名提单Order B/L 指示提单,12.Logistics is concerned with getting products and services where they are needed and when they are desired.物流所涉及的是在需要的时候和在需要的地方去的产品和服务的活动。13.Logistics is the process of planning,implementing and controlling the efficient,effective flow and storage of goods,services and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements.物流是计划实施和控制商品的快速、高效流动和储存，以及从源头到消费的服务和信息的全过程，以满足客户的需求。14.Logistics is a hot topic in China。中国掀起了物流热。15.The overall goal of logistics is to achieve a targeted level of customer service at the lowest possible total cost.,专业术语二,Blank Endorsement 空白备书Clean B/L 清洁提单In apparent good order and condition 外表状况良好Unclean(Foul,Dirty)B/L 不清洁提单Direct B/L 直航提单Transshipment B/L 转船提单Through B/L 联运提单Multi-modal(Inter-modal,combined)transport B/L 多式联运提单Long Form B/L 全式提单Short Form B/L 简式提单Anti-dated B/L 倒签提单Advanced B/L 预借提单Stale B/L 过期提单On Deck B/L 甲板货提单Charter Party B/L 租约项下提单,House B/L 运输代理行提单Seaworthiness 船舶适航Charter Party(C/P)租船合同(租约)Voyage charter party 航次租船合同Time Charter Party 定期租船合同Bareboat(demise)Charter Party 光船租船合同Common carrier 公共承运人Private carrier 私人承运人Single trip C/P 单航次租船合同Consecutive single trip C/P 连续单航次租船合同Return trip C/P 往返航次租船合?BRContract of Affreightment(COA)包运合同Voyage Charter Party on Time Basis 航次期租合同Fixture Note 租船确认书Free In(FI)船方不负责装费,专业术语三,Free Out(FO)船方不负责卸费Free In and Out(FIO)船方不负责装卸费Free In and Out，Stowed and Trimmed(FIOST)船方不负责装卸、理舱和平舱费Declaration of ships Deadweight Tonnage of Cargo 宣载通知书Dunnage and separations 垫舱和隔舱物料Lump-sum freight 整船包价运费Weather working days(W.W.D)良好天气工作日Notice of Readiness(NOR)船舶准备就绪通知书Idle formality 例行手续Laytime statement 装卸时间计算表Damage for Detention 延期损失Customary Quick Despatch(CQD)习惯快速装运),International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code(IMDG)国际海上危险品货物规则(国际危规Booking Note 托运单(定舱委托书)Shipping Order(S/O)装货单(下货纸)Mates Receipt 收货单Loading List 装货清单Cargo Manifest 载货清单(货物舱单)Stowage Plan 货物积载计划Dangerous Cargo List 危险品清单Stowage Factor 积载因素(系数)Inward cargo 进港货Outward cargo 出港货Container yard(CY)集装箱堆场Container Freight Station(CFS)集装箱货运站Container Load Plan 集装箱装箱单,常用英语词汇,1.物品 article2.物流 logistics3.物流活动 logistics activity4.物流作业 logistics operation5.物流模数 logistics modulus6.物流技术 logistics technology7.物流成本 logistics cost8.物流管理 logistics management9.物流中心 logistics center10.物流网络 logistics network11.物流信息 logistics information12.物流企业 logistics enterprise 13.物流 单证 logistics documents14.物流联盟 logistics alliance15.供应物流 supply logistics16.生产物流 production logistics17.销售物流 distribution logistics,18.回收物流 returned logistics 19.废弃物物流 waste material logistics 20.绿色物流 environmental logistics 21.企业物流 internal logistics22.社会物流 external logistics23.军事物流 military logistics24.国际物流 international logistics25.第三方物流 third-part logistics(TPL)26.定制物流 customized logistics27.虚拟物流 virtual logistics28.增值物流服务 value-added logistics service29.供应链 supply chain30.条码 bar code31.电子数据交换 electronic data interchange(EDI)32.有形消耗 tangible loss33.无形消耗 intangible loss 奖罚,物流作业术语,1.运输 transportation2.联合运输 combined transport3.直达运输 through transport4.中转运输 transfer transport5.甩挂运输 _drop and pull transport6.集装运输 containerized transport7.集装箱运输 container transport8.门到门 door-to-door9.整箱货 full container load(FCL)10.拼箱货 less than container load(LCL)11.储存 storing12.保管 storage13.物品储存 article reserves14.库存 inventory15.经常库存 cycle stock16.安全库存 safety stick17.库存周期 inventory cycle time18.前置期(或提前期)lead time19.订货处理周期 order cycle time20.货垛 goods stack 21.堆码 stacking22.搬运 handing/carrying,23.装卸 loading and unloading24.单元装卸 unit loading and unloading25.包装 package/packaging26.销售包装 sales package27.定牌包装 packing of nominated brand28.中性包装 neutral packing29.运输包装 transport package30.托盘包装 palletizing31.集装化 containerization32.散装化 containerization33.直接换装 cross docking34.配送 distribution35.共同配送 joint distribution36.配送中心 distribution center37.分拣 sorting38.拣选 order picking39.集货 goods collection40.组配 assembly41.流通加工 distribution processing42.冷链 cold chain43.检验 inspection 奖罚,物流技术装备及设施术语,1.仓库 warehouse2.库房 storehouse3.自动化仓库 automatic warehouse4.4立体仓库 stereoscopic warehouse5.虚拟仓库 virtual warehouse6.保税仓库 boned warehouse7.出口监管仓库 export supervised warehouse8.海关 监管货物 cargo under customers supervision9.冷藏区 chill space10.冷冻区 freeze space11.控湿储存区 humidity controlled space12.温度可控区 temperature controlled space13.收货区 receiving space14.发货区 shipping space15.料棚 goods shed 16.货场 goods yard17.货架 goods shelf18.托盘 pallet19.叉车 fork lift truck20.输送机 conveyor21.自动导引车 automatic guided vehicle(AGV)22.箱式车 box ca