从句辨析.ppt

I语序问题,在名词性从句中，除了关联词在从句之首外，其它部分应用陈述句的语序，而考生们往往使用疑问句的语序，特别是在以wh-引起的名词性从句中。克服这个问题的关键就是要找准从句的主语。例如：,The photographs will show you _（MET89）A.what does our village look like B.what our village looks like C.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like,解析答案：B。根据引导词在从句中作介词like的宾语，所以不能用副词how，排除C、D，而A项用了疑问句的语序，故选B项。再如：,He asked _ for a violin（MET92）A.did I pay how much B.I paid how much C.how much did I pay D.how much I paid,II用it 代替主语从句或宾语从句,为了使句子保持平衡，常用先行词it来代替主语从句或宾语从句，而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面，尤其是连词that引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中，但what，whatever，whoever，whichever引导的主语从句一般不后置。例如：,I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full（MET98）Ait Bthat Cthese Dthem,解析答案：A。此题考查了it作先行词代替宾语从句，而把宾语从句放在句末。其它人称代词或指示代词都不能代替从句。再如：,Does _ matter if he cant finish the job on time？（MET91）Athis Bthat Che Dit,III关联词的区分,名词性从句中关联词的选择是非常重要的，所以在高考中更多的是考查关联词的选择问题。而在关联词的选择中，主要侧重以下几个方面的检测。（I）whether 和if 的区别以及whether，if 和that 的区别。whether 和 if 在引导宾语从句时一般可以通用，但在引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后面的宾语从句时只能用whether，不能用if；whether，if 引导的名词性从句和 that 引导的名词性从句的区别在于：whether，if 引导的从句是由一般疑问句转化而来的，含有疑问意义，而 that 引导的从句是由陈述句转化而来的，不含有疑问意义。,例如：What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon（上海2001年春季招生）Awhen Bhow Cwhether Dwhy,解析答案：C。这是一个表语从句。根据 doubt 一词可知，所怀疑的应是是否能治好病，所以要填whether。这句话的意思是“医生真的怀疑我妈妈是否能很快从重病中恢复过来。”,再如：1.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.（MET92）Awhile Bthat Cif Dfor 2._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.（NMET96）AIf BWhether CThat DWhere,（II）that 从句与 wh-从句的区别：that连词在从句中不作成分，不含有疑问意义，而wh-连词在从句中作成分，且含有疑问意义。,1._ we cant get seems better than _we have.（NMET96）A.What,what B.What,that C.That,that D.That,what,解析答案:A。此题考查了两个名词性从句,因为从句中都缺宾语,所以都应选what不选that,that在引导名词性从句时不作成分。,2.Do you remember _he came?Yes,I do.He came by car.（NMET94）A.how B.when C.that D.if,解析答案:A。根据答语He came by car可知,问句应是提问方式,所以选择A,how。,再如：_ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.（NMET93）A.What B.That C.The fact D.The matter,(III）what，which，who，when，where，how等引导的名词性从句与whatever，whichever，whoever，whenever，wherever，however等引导的名词性从句的区别：,后者引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而前者引导的名词性从句都含有疑问意义。who/whom,whoever/whomever的选择，要看关联词在从句中是作主语还是作宾语而定，如果在从句中作主语只能选用 who/whoever，作宾语时用whom/whomever。,例如：1.It is generally considered unwise to give a child_ he or she wants.（NMET97）A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever,解析答案:B。根据句意可以看出后面的从句应是一个宾语从句，而从句中 wants 缺少宾语,排除 A 和 D，whichever 表示“无论哪一个,无论哪些”,应表示一定范围内的人或物,此处没有涉及事物的范围,所以应选 Bwhatever，表示“无论什么”。,2._ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.（MET88）A.Anyone B.The person C.Whoever D.Who,解析答案:C。此题不含有疑问意义,所以用whoever 引导主语从句,强调“无论谁”。whoever 在从句中作主语。,(IV)who,what,which,how,when,where之间的词义区别以及whoever,whatever,whichever,however,whenever,wherever等之间的词义区别。,这主要从两个方面来区分：一是分析句子结构，看其在从句中作什么成分；二是理清其在句中的含义。,例如：1.A computer can only do_ you have instructed it to do.A.how B.after C.what D.when,解析答案：C。根据语境，此处应选一个宾语从句作do的宾语。因为宾语从句中to do后面缺少宾语，所以应选Cwhat。这句话的意思是“计算机只能做你指示它做的事情。”,2.I read about it in some book or other,does it matter _ it was?A.where B.what C.how D.which,解析答案：D。这是一个主语从句。主语从句中缺少表语。从上句的意思分析，应是哪本书，所以要填which，这句话的意思是“我在某本书中读到过有关这方面的内容，是哪一本书重要吗？”。,3.I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is that _ you had a few days off?（NMET99）A.why B.when C.what D.where,解析答案:A。根据上句提供的语境，下句应该问“那就是你为什么离开几天的原因吗?”所以选A，why引导表语从句。,4.I still remember _ this used to be a quiet place.（NMET93）A.when B.how C.where D.what,解析答案:A。本题考查宾语从句。根据从句中缺少的句子成分是状语,排除D,what,而B、C句意不通,所以应选A,when。本句的意思是“我仍然记得这里在什么时候是个宁静的地方。”,5.Go and get your coat.Its_ you left it.（NMET92）A.where B.there C.there where D.where there,解析答案:A。本题考查了where 引导的表语从句的用法。考生容易误选C,把 where 看成关系副词引导定语从句。但是 there 是副词,不能有定语从句修饰。,(IV)whatever,whichever,whoever,whenever,wherever,however 等与 no matter what,no matter which,no matter who,no matter when,no matter where,no matter how 的区别:,前者既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，而 no matter 加疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。,例如：1.Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests.A.anyone B.whomever C.whoever D.no matter who,解析答案:C;no matter 加疑问词只能引导状语从句,不能引导名词性从句,排除D,而此处关联词在引导的从句中作主语,所以不选B,应该选C,whoever。,2._ much advice I gave him,he did exactly what he wanted to do.A.How B.Whatever C.However D.No matter,解析答案:C;这是一个让步状语从句。这句话的意思是:“无论我给他多少劝告，他却完全按他所想的去做。”不能填 how,因为how 只能引导名词性从句,不能引导让步状语从句,此处 however 相当于 no matter how 引导让步状语从句。,再如:,He will believe whatever others say.（不能用no matter what代替whatever）Whatever others say,he will believe it.（可以用no matter what代替whatever）,另外，在名词性从句的复习过程中，我们还须特别注意以下问题：1主语从句 Whatever,whoever,whichever 引导的主语从句的区分。whatever 相当于 anything that,是 what 的强调形式，表示“无论什么”。例如：Whatever she does is ridiculous whoever 相当于anyone who,是who 的强调形式，表示“无论谁；任何的人”。例如：Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold whichever“无论哪个;无论哪些”,既指人,也指物;可以单独使用,可以修饰名词,也可以后跟of 短语。例如：Whichever of us fulfils his task first will lend a hand to others Whichever book you borrow doesnt matter to us,2表语从句 reason 后面的表语从句只能用that 引导,不能用why 引导,但reason后面的定语从句可以用why 或者that 引导。例如：The reason why we didnt trust him is that he has often lied 3同位语从句 能跟同位语从句的名词。idea,fact,news,hope,belief,thought,doubt 等名词后面,可以跟that或者连接代词、连接副词引导的同位语从句。同位语从句只是对前面的名词作进一步的解释,说明前面的名词的具体含义。例如：We are surprised at the fact that the children did it on their own They expressed the hope that we would go and visit Germany again,同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略;that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义，不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。试比较下面两个例句:The suggestion(that)he raised at the meeting is very good.（that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略）The suggestion that the students(should)have plenty of exercise is very good.（that引导同位语从句）I had no idea that you were here.（that引导同位语从句,不能省略）Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?（that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略）,巩固练习,1.The question is _ the film is worth seeing Aif Bwhat Cwhether Dhow 2.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right Athat what Bwhat that Cthat Dwhether 3.They received orders _ the work be done at once Awhich Bwhen C Dthat 4.Dr.Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge,I cant remember_.Awhere Bthere Cwhich Dthat 5.Energy is _ makes things work Awhat Beverything Csomething Danything,6.The reason _ I have to go is my mother _ is ill in bed A.why;why B.why;because C.why;that D.that;because 7.He doesnt think the question of _ they are men or women is important A.whether B.if C.which D.why 8.He often thinks of _ he can do more for his country A.what B.how C.that D.which 9.It was ordered that all the soldiers _ to the front A.should send B.must be sent C.should be sent D.must go 10.Air is to us _ water is to fish A.is that B.what C.which D.that,