第十章 常用文体翻译 ppt课件.ppt

第十章 常用文体翻译,科技英语翻译,English for Science and Technology简称EST,科技英语的文体特点,词汇层面 句法层面,1.词汇层面,(1)专业术语多 Cryogenics 低温学 Norepinephrine 去甲肾上腺素,专业术语的特点 a.词形较长，大多含有源于拉丁语、希腊语和法语的词根、词缀Nucleonics 核子学Semisomnus 半昏迷autoradiography 自动射线照相Excoriation 表皮脱落,b.多复合词radiophotography 无线电传真anti-armored fighting vehicle missile 反装甲车导弹,c.多缩略词cpd=compound 化合物FM=frequency modulation 调频Telesat=telecommunications satellite 通讯卫星,(2)准专业术语和词汇多 Frame 框架(日常英语)机架(机械原理)帧、镜头(电讯技术)normal 中性的、当量的、标准浓度(化学)简正的(物理)垂直的、法线的(数学)不受感染的(生理的)transmission 发射(无线电工程学)传动、变速(机械学)透射(物理)遗传(医学),2.句法层面,多名词化结构 the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves 通过无线电波来发射和接收活动物体的图像computer programming teaching device manual 计算机程序编制教学装置手册the generation of heat by friction 摩擦生热,(2)多被动语态(3)多用一般现在时和完成时(4)大量非限定动词(P179)(5)后置定语(P180)(6)多长句和逻辑关联词Hence,consequently,accordingly,then,however,but,yet,also,on the contrary,as a result,furthermore,finally,in short,(7)先行it结构多(8)介词词组连用多The action of air on an airplane in flight at low altitude is greater than that at high altitude.空气对于低空飞行飞机的作用力大于高空飞行的飞机。,科技英语翻译注意事项,了解相关专业知识 具有较宽的知识面翻译材料所属学科的基本知识,2.准确理解词义常用词在特定学科中的特定含义勤查词典，结合上下文和专业领域确定词义随时关注相关领域的最新动态与发展，准确理解再现新词含义,3.仔细分析长句深入细致的分析，理清主干、层层明确各成分之间的语法关系和语义逻辑关系根据情况选用顺译、逆译或综合译法,4.用词要得体较为正式，严谨规范的书面语语气的正式程度有所不同AIDS：获得性免疫缺乏症、艾滋病Poliomyelitis:脊髓灰质炎、小儿麻痹症Conjunctivitis-结膜炎 pink eye-红眼病Diarrhea-腹泻 the runs-拉肚子,5.熟悉构词法(1)合成法 Heartman 换心人fallout 放射性尘埃Photobotany 光植物学hot press 热压Waterproof 防水的heart burn 胃灼热/心口灼热,(2)拼缀法Antiparticle 反粒子Antineutron 反中子Antibody 抗体Semisynthetic 半合成的Autocorrelation 自相关Autocorrelator 自相关器Conductor 导体Holder 支架/托,(3)混成法telex=teleprinter+exchange 电传copytron=copy+electron 电子复印biorhythm=biological+rhythm 生理节奏,(4)缩略法AC=alternating current 交流电DC=direct current 直流电CCTV=closed circuit television 闭路电视teleran=television radar air navigationAPC=American Power Conference 美国动力会议 adjustable pressure conveyor 调压输送机 automatic phase control 自动相位调整 automatic program control 自动程序控制AC=absorption coefficient 吸收系数 adapter cable 适配电缆 adjustment calibration 调整校准 air condenser 空气冷凝器，空气电容器 air conditioner 空调器 analog computer 模拟计算机,6.熟悉数量增减表达法,倍数增加的译法表示倍数的词包括如下一些：times数字+fold,(tenfold)by the factor of+数字,1）A+be+倍数+as+计量形容词原级+as+BThis big stone is three times as heavy as that one这块大石头的重量是那块的三倍。2）A+be+倍数+计量形容词比较级+than+BThe Yangtze River is almost twice longer than the Pearl River长江差不多是珠江的两倍。3）A+be+倍数+the+计量名词(如size，height，weight，length，width等)+of+BThe earth is 49 times the size of the moon地球的体积是月球的49倍。,4）increase/rise/grow/go/step up/multiply(+to/by)+倍数(timesn-fold)表示增加到n倍(或增加了n一1倍)The production of steel has increased to three times since 1980钢的产量1980年以来已增加了两倍。increase/rise/grow/go/step up/multiply(+by)+百分数或具体数值,表示净增量,例如:Population has increased by 200%in the past 25 years.人口在过去 25 年内增加了 200%。,5）double(增加1倍)，treble（增加2倍），quadruple（增加3倍），quintuple（增加4倍）The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled 这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。6）此外，英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法，如：A is as much（large，long，）again as B.=A is twice as much（large，long，）as B.应译为：A比B多（大，长，）1倍 或A是B的2倍A is half as much（large，long，）again as B.=A is one and a half times as much（large，long，）as B.应译为:A比B多（大，长）一半（即A是B的一倍半）。,(2)倍数减少的译法 1）A+be+倍数+as+计量形容词原级(light，small，slow，short，thin)+as+B The new machine is ten times as light as the old one新机器的重量是旧机器的十分之一。2）A+be+倍数+计量形容词比较级+than+BThis bridge is three times shorter than that one这座桥的长度是那座桥的三分之一。(这桥比那桥短三分之二),3)decrease+(by)+倍数(times/nfold/a factor of n)意为减少到1n或减少(n一1)n。decrease常被reduce，shorten，goslow down等词替代。Jogging can make the possibility of catching a heart disease decrease by three times.慢跑可使患心脏病的几率减少到原来的三分之一。（减少三分之二）需要注意的是，如果减少的量用百分数或分数表示，那么数值为净减少值，可直接翻译成减少几分之几或百分之几。The cotton output has decreased by 50棉花产量减少了50。,7.注意术语的准确表达与翻译 拓宽知识面准确理解原文含义用妥帖的术语表达,商务英语翻译,广告的英语语言特征 用词凝练新颖，有修饰渲染倾向 多用并列句，少用主从结构 频繁使用疑问句和祈使句 使用省略句 修辞手法丰富多彩,广告翻译的技巧 谐音双关(homophonic pun)语义双关(homographic pun)对比(contrast)夸张(hyperbole)拟人(personification)重复(repetition)明喻(simile)暗喻(metaphor)换喻(metonymy)头韵(alliteration)尾韵(end-rhythm/consonance)仿拟(parody),广告中的习语运用,广告中的习语形式 原封不动直接运用习语 将习语加以改造,以达到促销产品的目的,语音变异 The prose without the cons(the pros and cons)文章不会混淆是非,欺骗读者,(2)词汇变异 一词多义 Better late than the late.(Public Slogan)(Better late than never.)(the late),2)用品牌名替换某些词汇 Gentlemen prefer Hanes.(Gentlemen prefer the blonde.),3)用代词替代具体的事物 They are a match made in Heaven.(Seiko)(Marriages are made in heaven.),(3)语义变异 long shots,(4)语法变异 For vigorous growth,plant your money with us.,(5)句法变异 拆分 Practice really does make perfect.,2)重新组合 Lose Ounces.Save Pounds.(Goldenlay Eggs)(Penny wise,pound foolish.)(Save pennies,lose pounds.),广告中的习语翻译方法与技巧,仿译(Loan translation)Time Inc.say Life is coming back,and if Life returns,can Look be far behind?(If winter comes,can spring be far behind?),2.替代(substitution)沙县板鸭-Pressed Salted Duck of Shaxian Native Duck of Shaxian 功课终于做完了,真累啊!如果有一瓶乐百氏奶 A Robust a day makes me work,rest and play.(An apple a day keeps the doctor away.)(All work no play makes Jack a dull boy.),3.释义(paraphrasing)Where there is a way,there is a Toyota.车到山前必有路,有路必有丰田车。Not all cars are created equal.,