录井工程现场操作手册 MUD LOGGING OPERATION MANUAL.docx

三JDF)D三l三O½PreParedby：AHMEDABDELFATAHEDREES.ThemainjobsOfthemudIoRReraretotakeCareof:1- Geologicaljob.2- Drillingjob.3DrilIingfluids/GeolOmC(Iliob.Ihavetoberesponsiblefor:A) SamPling:Ishouldpreparetwosamples.Onedried,theotheriswetted.TheWettedsamplesareenclosedintospecificbags.Onbothofthetwosampleswewriteabovethemthreeinformation's.(ComPanyname,WeIlnameanddepthfromandto).Thesamplesmusthavebeenwashedandsievedtotakethefinestgrainstomakeathinsectionfromitandtodothesecondstepoftheresponsibility,whichis.B) DeSCriPIions:Itisdoneunderspecificmicroscopetoseetheoilshowsandtaketheotherdescriptionsoflithologicalpercentagesandproperties.2) DrilIin2：Wehavetotakecareofmanyofthedrillingparameterssuchas:A) Hookload:Thisistheloadonthehookthisisthesummationofthestrings,i.e.;thebitand(BHA)bottomholeassembly.B) WeightonbitIt,salwayscalculatedfromthehookloadanditsdecreaseonit.SinceiftheHLis500tonesandsuddenlybecame400tonesso-thisdifferenceisduetotheformationresistanceandthisiscalledtheWOB.Sand(lowestresistance)<shale<silt<lime<dolostone<anhydrite(highestresistance)ThehighertheFMresistance,thehighertheWOB.C) StalIdPiPePreSSIIreThisisthepressureofthepumpedfluidsinsidethepipesandhoses.ThisisrelatedhighlytotheSPM.D) CaSiIlgPreSSUre:Thisisthepressureofthepumpedcementintocasings.E) ROtaryspeed:Thespeedofrotationofthestrings,whichis9supportedeitherfromaboveontopdriveorontherotarytableonrigfloor.F) ROtarytorque:TheresistanceoftheformationtothedrillingandrotationofstringsThemoretheresistanceofformation,thehigherexertedtorque.G) PUmPspeed:Thespeedsofpumpingofmudinsidethepipes,whichdependonthenumberof,strokeperminuteoringeneraltheefficiencyofpump.NB;thediameterofthebitisthatofcaliberisthatoftheholeAndthecasingpipesaresmallerthanthem.IfthetorqueisveryhighandweincreasedtheRPMsotheremaybetwistingoffthedrillstring3) DrilIilI口fluids:A) Volume.B) MudWt(density)intoandoutfromhole.C) Mudtempintoandoutputfromthehole.D) Mudconductivity(resistivity)intoandoutputfromhole.Q:Whatarethesensorsthatfeelallthoseparameters?Thereare#3typesofthesensorssuchas:1- Pressuretransducer:ANALOUGE# Standpipepressuresensors.# Casingpressuresensors.# Hooksloadsensors.# Torquesensors.# Mudweightsensors.2- Pulsesensors:DIGITAL# Magnetsensors(SPM,RPM).# 1.imitsswitchsensors.ie;mechanical(RPM,SPM)# Drawworksensors.3- Ultrasonicsensors.(PVT)4- Tempsensors.5- Mudflowoutsensors6- Hydrocarbonsensors.7- Hydrogensulfidesensors.8- Conductivitysensors.9- Temp&mudweightoutsensor.SOmeODeratiOlIStakeDlaCeOnanys:DriHiilgprocess:It'sdividingupontheassemblywhichwerunninginholewithit,it'seither:a-Rotarydrilling.b-Slidedrilling.RotarydrillingSlidingdrilling1- Ranw/BHArotaassemblies.2- WithSUrfaCeandCqUalbitRPM.3- WithTRQreading.4- WithnormalSPPvalues.5- Weshouldchooseinsoftware(ROtarydrilli¾e)1- Ranw/BHAmotorassemblies.2- WithOillybitRPM.n。SUrfaCeRPM.3- WithoutTRoreading.4- WithhigherVaIlIeOfSPP.5- Weshoulduseinsoftware(ROtary&turbine)NB;Whenwemakesidetrackwell,itwillbetreatedlikeanewwellsovvewillcreateanewwellbythesoftware,writefileno1,runno1ButwewillstartcompletingthedepthfromthepointofCMTplugtillreachinganewFM,Wecallthispointatwhichthelithologychangescompletely"CMTto/FM(KICKOFFPoINT)Duetohighhardnessofthecementsothedirectionmanmaketimedri11inwinordertoletthebitescapesfromthatcementintothesofterlithologywhichistheformation.TheyoftenPOOHafterthatpointinordertochangethebit.# #Whenconnectiontakesplace:TheKellypositionisIarHerthanSTDlengthwithKellydownvalue(2ft).# #Whendepthisincorrect,gotodata如insoftwareandenterdepthcorrection,thenwritenewvalueoftotaldepthandclickonbitdepthalsotobeadjusted.AndtrytodothatwhenKellyisstopmoving.# #WhenthestandisonbottomwithspecificSPMthepressuredifferstosomeextentthanwhenitisoffbottomwithsameSPM.WASHandREAMING:IfsaprocessofwideningandcleaningtheholeafterthedrillingofeveryoneSTD.BymovingupanddownwithRPM,SPM# #WhenwemakePoMHandchangesbitoranylikethat,thenWeRIHweshouldchangerunn。andfileno,andentertheCeWbitdataorifitsrerunagain.# #ROPforrocksis:4uL疝a瓜TMQsmalt*nhydkNmXifm424hasntl# #ROTATIONPERMINUTEISDIRECTLYPROPORTIONALTOTHETORQUE.# #SUCtiontank;istheactivepit,whichdirectlyattachedtothepumps.# #Reservetank;isthetankforsavingadditionalquantitiesofmudifneededagain.# #Slugtank;isthetankforahighviscositymudpreparationsanditssmallvalue.# #Settling(sandtrap);it,slaybelowtheshaleshakerdirectlyandcanbedumpedtoporeifitisundesiredmudorcontaminated.# #Triptank;itstankusedwhenvvePOOHorRIHtoaddmudinsideholeorreceivesmudfromholerespectively,alsoit'svaryincapacitiesfrom40-80bblstosensehighlylossorgain.MUDCIRELATIONS:ACtiVCAiIkPUmKStaIIdDiPerc">mudhoseSWiVeKxStri而>annuluflowoutIiheShaIeShakeractivetank.BHA:->(bottonholeassembly),whichconsistsof(BnBlTSUB,DCSTABILIZER,DCJARXO,HWDP)Theoryofanypressuresensorissensitivediaphragmthataffectedwithanypressurelayonit,andit'scontactedwithoiltogivesensor.MUdOrairDiaPhragmOilSenSOrWireTYPESOFDRILLINGMUD;1- Spudtnud9commonlyusedinthefirstholedrillingforconductorCSG.2- Solidsaturatedpolymermud(NaCl9KCl).3- Saltsaturatedmud.4Oilbasemud.5- Aeratedmud.#SPM9SPPisdirectlyproportionalandreversalvolumetank.HoWCANIDIFFERENTlATEBETWEENTHEDlFFERENTLITHOLOGIES?SandStoneLimeStOIleShaleAlIhydriteSalt1-SD:Lse,1-Lst:Tansh1-Sh:Gy,1-Anh:1-Salt:Anhclss9pnk9wh,offwh,brwnshgy,Crmywh,i/pyellshwh,brnshgy,grnshgy,submlkywh,wh,occgy,crse-cryptoxin,blky-subclss9modhd-v.crsegrnd,sft-modhd9flky,modhd,occpebbly,arg.frm-frm,cryptoxln.ang-subang,noncalc-slipoorsrtd,w/calc9upto50%Dolomite:fldsp.2-Dol:Tanshtanshbrnsh9tanshgy,2-Anh:Yelsh2-Salt2-SD:Lse,gy,brnshgy,cryptoxin-wh,offwh,PlIk,occgy,Cryptoxln-microxln9pstd9sft,md-crsemicroxln9hd-modhd-hd.cryptoxin.grnd,occ/v.v.hd.crse,ang-subang,poorsrtd,w/upto90%fldsp.3-Reactswith3-Reactswith3-SALINITYTEST&Poor3-fasterROPHClBaSO4return&FastROPROPl=(fthr)ROP2=60ROP1(minft)DriHingparameters:1IndrillingPn)CeSSweshouldtakecareofallrelatedparameterssuchas:HKLDdec&WOBincreases.RPMinc&TRQincreases.SPMinc&SPPinc&tankvolumedecreases.KELLYpositiondecreases.TotaldepthmustequalBitdepth.Andbothofthemincreasesgradually=0.01or0.02or0.032InreamingPrOCeSSOffbottom,RPMoccurs,movingupanddownwithSTD,SPM,SPP,HKLDmax.3- InCirCIllatiOiIDrOCeSSOffbottom,noRPM,SPM,SPP,HKLDmax.Whenthedrillmakescirculationbottomupispumpingmudtogetuptosurfaceandthatneedsaspsificnumberofstrokesorbbls.4- COlmeCtiOiIOffbottom,noWOB,lowestHKLD,noSPP,noSPM,noTRQ,noRPM.5-OnSIiDSIfsdonewhenthefloormenmakesanewaconnection.6SlowPIlmPrate(SCR)ThisisatestoneachpumptonoticethepressureexertedbyeachoneinordertousespecificSPMforeachpumptokillthewellincaseofkick.7Blinddri11ineThedrillingofholewithoutanyreturnofcuttingsorfluidsotheydrillwithseawaterinordertoreducethecosts.8FrccDointindicatorThepointatwhichtheycanmakecutforthestickystring,firstlytheytrytomakejarringtofreethispoint.9FlowCheCkThetestdonetonoticethelevelofmudinsidetheconductor.10LeakOftestThistestdoneaftereachcasingandthebeginningofnewopenhole,thisoccursbydrillingoftenfeefsnearlytoknowwhatistheallowablepressureontheformation.ILPumpineahi®ViSmudIt'sahighviscositymudpumpedtocleantheholefromanycuttingsorLCMorCMTcontamination.12JunkSamPle(magnet)IfsthemetalcuttingscomefromthefrictionbetweentheCSGpipesandtheDP.13-CarbidetestIfsthetestdonetocalibratethegassystemchromatograph;it'salsousedtoexaminethewashinholebycalculatingthelagstrokes.#Calculatetheamountoflossesifnoreturn:Bbls/hrs=POP*TSPM*60#Calculatethe(TFA)->totalflowarea=(Jetsize/32/2)2*22/7*noofjetsiftheyequal.Ifthejetsisopenedso=thesizeis32SECD=istheequivalentcirculateddensityThisisthemudwtinthedynamicstate.#GPM=POP*SPM*42#POP=(LD)2*lengthstroke*efficiency*0.000243#HOWToCALIBRATETHEPVTSENSOR?1- Onedoublepress4MAvaluereachitto2.802- Towdoublepress20MAvaluereachitto0.503- Fourdoublepressspeedvaluereachitto1# #IncaseofpartialIosses9weaddLCMinthemud,makeshaleshaker(by-pass),ifit,scontinuedsoaddseawaterinsteadofmudtoreducethecost.TOfIOSSes:1.SUrfaCeIOSSeS÷ifsthelossesofmudduetosurfaceequipmentslike(desander,desilter,mudcleanerandcentrifuge).2Hulefill->it,sthemudneededtofillthehole=(ID)2*1feet/10293DownIWIelosses)it'sthemudlostintheformationduetofracturingorhighermudwt.# #DoelegWeH÷thisiswelldeviated,tendstobehorizontal.14-SlipandClItIfstheprocessofeliminationoftheoldwornwireonthedrawworkandinstallingofanewonefromthedeadlinereelontothedrawwork.Duringthisprocess,theyhangthetopdrivesothehookloadsensorreadsaminimumvaluelike25klbs.# #Thejunctionbetween2DPiscalled"tooljoint.Whilethatbetween2casingspipesiscalled->casingcollar.# #Thegassystemintheunitcomposedof:I-DEGASSER:thisisamotorwithagitatortoliberatethegasesfromthemud.2-suctionpump：thisusedtosuckthegasesfromtheWATERTRAPthroughtheDITCHLINE.3PneumaTlCpanel：thisisusedtofilterthegassesthatcomingfromthepumpintothegassystem1.argeCOMPRESSOR：thisisusedtomakealarmforH2Sandexitingofanywaterormudintheditchline.5-SM4/compressor：thisisusedtosupplyanairneededforignition.6-hydrogengenerator：thismainsourceofhydrogen&workbythedistilledwaterionizationinto(HandO).7-Totalgasdetector:isfortheoverallgasquantitydetection.8-CafRyficChroniatowraDh:forsamplingandtimingofanalysis.9-FIDCHROMATOGRAPH：forthegassampleanalysisintotheircomponents.HOWTOKNoWTHEWASHOUTINPIPES?Bysuddenpressuredropwhiledrilling.#Thismaybeduetothepumpdeefficiencyorleakinthestandpipelinesotheymustmakecheckonbothinordertoconfirmthatiswashoutinpipe,Alsoitmaybeduetolossofthejets.#TThereare2typesOfCraCkSeither1.vertical:ThatiswhenincreasingtheWOB,thecrackincreasesandthepressurewillcontinuedrops.2horiz(mtal:ThatondecreasingtheWOB,thepressureswillincrease.# #H。Wt。CalCUlatetheWaSh(HItdepth?# =(id)2*L*const+(d-od)2*L*constWhere÷id,od÷forthedrillpipe.d÷fortheopenholeorcasingdiameter.OVERPULL:IfsthesuddenincreaseintheHKLDreadingwhilePOOH,duetothetightspotinthehole.TWlSTOFF:ThisisthecutofthedrillstringfromanyweakpointlikethetooljointsthatispredictedbysharpdropinSPPandsharpdropinHKLD.#TheadditionofnewmudofdifferentMWTcandifferthetotalMWTinthehole,sotherewillbedifferenceintheHYDROSTATICPRESSURE.MWDGYROTOTCO1-ittakeangelanddirectionsurvey.1-ittakesangelonly.1-ittakesangelonly.2-itranwithrotaryassemblythroughmotoritcouldsenditspulsesthroughthemudduringthedrilling.2-itranthroughthepipesanditrequiresbeingoffbottomandstoppingdrill,usingaspecialpieceofpipe.2-itranthroughtheopenholebyusingawire.NiPPlinRUPBop:Ifsthesettingup&installingoftheBOPforthenewopenhole,whichfollowedbytheBOPtesttoseewhatisthemaximumallowablepressureontheannulus.FASTBREAK:ItmeanstheROPishighduetosoftformation.DRlLLOFF:It'scomingoffbottompositionafterthedrillingprocess.BACKFLUSH(PURGE)：Ifstheprocessofexitingthewateroranymudfromtheditchlineinordernottoplugthat;byswitchingonthecompressorandopeningthewatertrap.# #Weshouldincreasethemudweightincaseofdrillinghighpressurizedshaleinordernottocausemechanicalstuckandalsoweshouldn9tincreaseabovelimitedvalueinordernottomakedifferentialstuck.BrrUNDERGAUGE:Ifsthedecreasingofthediameterofthebitduetolargetimeofhightorquedrilling,sotheyhavetoPooHforbitchange# #LimeSalldytexture÷ifsthelithologyoflimestoneinshapeofsandsize;henceitcanreactwithhydrochloricacidwithoutanyppt.# #SandVIimeStone÷itslimestoneandsandstonemixedrock,whenreactswithHClitgivesppt.CALCULATIONOFTHEBOTTOMUP:DPBbls=(id)2-(od)2*L1029Strokes=bblsPOPTime=strokesT.spmHOLECALCULATloNOFTHECAPACITY:Bbls=(id)2*L1029Strokes=bblsPOPTime=strokes/T.spm(HOLEorDP)Bbls=(od)2-(id)2*L1029CALCULATloNOFTHEDISPLACEMENTINTHETRlPPlNG:Thedifferenceoftheouterdiameterthantheinnerdiameteristhethicknessofthepipe.ThCPaSSOfIhCSignalSfromandint。theunitis:Sensor->Safetybarrier-÷DAS->Phillips->online)TheDAOistheconnectingnodeofthissystem,soit'sconnectedtoserverviaRS232connectionthroughcardintheservercalledMOXA,whichisalsoconnectedtotherigmonitorthroughtheDAQ.DAQisfeedingthesensorswiththerequiredpowerthroughtheSAFETYBARRlER&consequentlytheDAQcollectsthesensorsdatathroughthesafetybarrier.TheDAQmodulesalsoarefeedingthePHlLLIPSrecorderwiththedata.TheimportanceOftheSafCtybarrier:1-feedingthesensorswithrequiredpower.2-isolatesensorsfromtheDAQ.3-protectthesystemfrombadconnections(shortcircuit,openCircuitconditions.Bitsub:IfstheconnectionbetweentheDCandthebit,andit'sabovethebitdirectly.CrOSSOVerSUb(XO):Ifsthejunctionbetweenthepipesthatofdifferentdiameter.KeHydown:It'stheendpointofKellyneartherotarytable;approximatelyit'stheheightoftheoldstandminus2-3feefsKeHyup:IfsthebeginningpointoftheKellyinthetopofthemast,theheightofnewstandplus2-3feefsTRIPPINGIt'seitheroneoftow:RUNINHOLE(RIH)ORPULLOUTOFHOLE(POOH):1COMPLTETRIPPC)C)H-it'seitherdryorwet.2WiperTRIPPoC)H÷it,sshorttriptothelastcasingshoeinthewell.RISERThelongtube(conductor)thatusedonlyinoffshorerigstoconnectbetweenthefloorandtheopeningofthehole,andonthebottomtheBOPisresetontheseafloor.1.Ay刀。WN:ifsthedisintegrationofanyjoints.FORMATIoNINTEGRATEDTEST:Ifstheteston5feet,softheformationaftercasingandaftertheydrilltheshoes,bypumpingmudinclosingoftheholetoknowtheamountofpressureallowableontheformation,thispointisknownfromthedecreaseinthepressureafteritsincrease.Ififspumpedfromthecementpumpittscalled(LEAKOFFTEST).Cementjob:Becauseoffillingtheholewithmudso;theyneedstopumpcement;hence,theypumpfirstlySDaCer(Water+chemicak+soThisspacerpushesthemudtogouponmudtanks.ThentheypumptheCEMENTSLURRYlead(Iight(heavywtlast),andIcalculatetheamountofreturnedmudwithrespecttotheslurryinordernottotakekickorlosses.ThentheymakeDISPLAcEMENTforthiscementbymudtoletthecemententertheannulus.TheyIyAONCEMENTabout6-12hoursaccordingtothedepthofthecasing.TheBoTToMPLUGisaddedbeforepumpingthespacer,WhiletheUPPERPLUGisaddedafterpumpingtheslurry.CEMENTJOBREPORTDURINGPUMPCEMENTMUDVOLUME02:00PM=444BBL(BEFORECEMENTJOB)MUDVOLUME04:10PM=735BBL(AFTERPUMPINGCEMENT)MUDVOLUMERECEIVED=291BBLHLSPUMP=(50SPACER)+(213LEAD)+(98TAIL)=361BBL1.OSSESDURINGPUMINGCEMENT=361-291=70BBLDURlNGDlSPLACEMENTCEMENTRIGPUMPSTARTDISPLACEMENTCEMENTWITH735BBLMUDINPITSMUDVOLUMEAFTERDISPLACEMENT=684BBLS06:00PM1.OSSESDURINGDISPLACEMENTCEMENT=735-684=51BBLSO;TOTALLOSSESINCEMENTJOB=70+51=121BBLSTaROncement:It'stheprocessofRIHwithstringtotouchthetopofcementtobeidentified.LOSSESKICK1-DECREASEINTHEPITVOLUMEWITH1-INCREASEINTHEPITSVOLUME.RESPECTTOHOLEFILLS.2-INCREASEINTHESEP,WITHSAMESTROKES.3-incaseo