《词汇讲座全》PPT课件.ppt

大学英语词汇学习,http:/治癫痫的医院有哪些http:/最专业的癫痫病医院http:/最权威的癫痫病专家http:/治疗癫痫最权威的医院http:/癫痫病权威专家中国治疗癫痫病医院排名http:/癫痫病治疗医院_癫痫病医院在线咨询http:/,Backgoundmysterious words,fry,end,friend,triskaidekaphobia,tris=three,kai=and,deka=ten,phobia=fear,the fear of 13,wife,w e,if,god,dog,teach,cheat,Backgoundmysterious words,m,o,t,h,e,r,i,n,l,a,w,-,-,I.Origin of English Vocabulary,English is a heavy borrower;it has adopted words from almost every known language,esp.from Latin,French,and Greek.Zhang Yunfei 1987,That may explain why we have so many irregular English words.,I.Origin of English Vocabulary,rsumfiancfiancecaf nave,abacuscensuscadremosquito Fiasco(惨败),kindergartenhamburger,French,Latin,German,I.Origin of English Vocabulary,English borrows a lot of words from Chinese as well.,Which came to English first,China or china?,Qin(秦)China china Chinese does not come from china,but China.Therefore,it is not a racial slur to our people.(After-class reading:Chinese-A Racial Slur Against People of CHINA),I.Origin of English Vocabulary,More words from Chinese:,kowtow,coolie,gung ho,longan,wok,wonton,tofu,mahjong,shanghai,磕头,苦力,拐卖,麻将,豆腐,馄饨,龙眼,lichee litchi,荔枝,锅,yamen,kiasu,The little boy was shanghaied to Hong Kong at the age of 14.,hotchpotch,I.Origin of English Vocabulary,After the World War II,English vocabulary encountered an explosive increase with the development of science and technology.,For example,chain reaction,space shuttle,software,hardware,web,taikonaut,astronaut,cosmonaut,netizen,I.Origin of English Vocabulary,Nowadays,in the chat rooms over the net,you can often meet new forms,some even strange.,For example,B4,r u a student?UR rite.CU IC ICQ me2 any1 talk2me,asl(age/sex/location),I believe many of the forms may be included in a new dictionary 20 years later,because people use them and they make sense,1 Word formationAffixation,Any typical English word comprises three parts:,prefix+stem(root)+suffix,im-mort-al,Normal words may take only prefix or suffix.Even,a word may take more than one prefixes or suffixes,or without.,pro-pel,port-able,re-ex-port,un-pre-ced-ent-ed in-cred-ible,A.stem(root),A stem carries the basic meaning of a word.,-cid,-cis=cut,kill,decide concise suicide pesticide genocide,-dict=to say,dictate diction predict contradiction,-viv;-vit life(live),vital vivid vitamin survive revive,B.Prefix,prefix modifies the meaning of the word:,anti-对抗,anti-virus;anti-Japan War;anti-revolution anticlockwise antiriot,tele-distant,telescope,telephone,telegraph,television,telecommunications,B.Prefix-numbers,semi-hemi-,hemisphere;hemicycle;semiconductor;semifinal,mono-uni-,monoplay,monotonous,monologue;monocycle,uniformity,unify,unit,university,unification,bi-,di-,tw-,bicycle,bimonthly;bilateral;bilingual,dialogue,dioxide;two,twice,twin,tri-,thr-tricycle,triangle,triple,three,thrice,qua-quarter,quadruple(翻两番),B.Prefix-numbers,pent-pentagon,sex-sexadecimal,sept-septangle,oct(a)-octopus,dec-decade,decimal,decathlete,decimeter,cent-century,percent,centipede,centimeter,kilo-,milli-kilometer,millimeter,millennium,multi-,poly-,multimedia,polygamy,monopoly,polytechnic SP(Singapore Poly),omni-omniscient,omnipotent,omnipresent,C.suffix,Suffix changes its usage in terms of grammar.,Four very important suffixes:,V+-(i)ble,countablebelievable reliablereadable respectable adjustable applicable,(可以被的;值得被的),被,被,Stealable,V+-(t)ive,creative inventive instructive productive,(可以的;富于力的),c.suffix,比较:imagineimaginativeimaginableimaginary1.Cao Xueqin,author of the Dream of the Red Chamber,was a very imaginative writer.2.Jia Baoyu,main hero of the novel,was an imaginary character.3.The whole story is imaginable since it is so close to our real life.,imaginative,imaginary,imaginable,c.suffix,N+-fulfull of.careful,meaningfulusefulhopeful helpful,N+-lesswithout carelessmeaninglessuselesshomeless,What is the meaning of“friendless”?,You sonless Ah Q!,D.midfix,midfix中缀:-o-s-:barometerthermometer psychologysalesmanstatesmantradesmanspokesman,Midfix connects two or stems together.,2.Compounding(合成法）,Two words coming together to create a word with meaning different from the sum of the two words.,2.Compounding(合成法）,nicknamesafeguardwoodpeckerred tapestreamline,breakdowncocktailtrademarkturnoverladyboy,2.Compounding(合成法）,Zero-midfixation(零中缀法),He looked at the scene in a none-of-my-business manner.Charles was of the look-before-you-leap sort of man.They had an eat-for-live-or-live-for-eat debate.,forget-me-not,touch-me-not,2.Compounding(合成法）,The same Compound may appear in three different forms:,airline flowerpot acidhead air-line flower-pot acid-head air line flower potacid head,用迷幻药者,3.Conversion(词类转换法）,Without adding any affixes to the word,it is used as another class in grammar.This,therefore,is also named zero-affixation(零派生法).,3.Conversion(词类转换法）,cup the mouth and speak to the receiverEven a lamb will rebel if it is cornered.Tree the monkey!I was not black when I was brothered with the whites in the army each day with uncertainties.You tiger me!Dont father me!,3.Conversion(词类转换法）,Any noun which can create an image in the mind can be used directly as a verb.,3.Conversion(词类转换法）,The skyscraper building houses more than 5 hundred offices for foreign and domestic companies.I am able to reach out to others and bridge the gap between my language and culture and theirs.,3.Conversion(词类转换法）,In scientific English:Please key in your passwordEmail me!It is then gaussed.,3.Conversion(词类转换法）,Other examples:His future is full of ifs.It will take you forever to get there by bus.“The dads are older,more mature,”says Dr.Silber,“and more ready to focus on parenting.”,4.Blending(混成法）,Two words coming together with some parts cut out.(Usually,the two words have a shared letter.),4.Blending(混成法）,Chinglish Chinese+Englishtelecast televise+broadcast positron positive+electron negatronnegative electron bit binary+digitsmog:smoke+fogmotelmotor+hotelbotelboat+hotel,4.Blending(混成法）,brunch dunchworkaholic taikonaut cosplay,sitcom Oxbridgecamgirl agritourist celebreality,4.Blending(混成法）,4.Blending(混成法）,Blending is one of the most popular and useful ways to coin new words nowadays.We should be careful of those strange words which cannot be found in a dictionary.They are possibly born thru blending.,5 Back Formation(逆成法),The word is formed by crossing out some seeming affixes,which are in fact not real ones.,5 Back Formation(逆成法),televisiontelevisebachelorbachelaserlase lazylazedonationdonateemotionemote,5 Back Formation(逆成法),Words created through back-formation are mostly verbs.Back-formed words are largely informal and thus should be used with care.,6 Shortening(缩略法),Clipping:a word is shortened by cutting off one or more syllables of this word,usu.a noun.Prof.,lab,flu.,exam,math,dorm,ad.etc.These words are considered informal and only used in colloquial language.Initialism:a word is formed from the first letters of an organization or a scientific term,etc.,6 Shortening(缩略法),SARS:Severe Acute Respiratory SyndromeAIDS:Acquired Immune Deficiency SyndromeBASIC:Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction CodeASCII:American Standard Code for Information Interchangelaser:Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation radar:radio detecting and ranging,6 Shortening(缩略法),shortened forms in the net:ICQ(I seek you)ASAP(Assoonaspossible)尽快BF(Boyfriend)男朋友BTW(Bytheway)随便说一下BBL(Bebacklater)稍后回来BRB(Berightback)很快回来,6 Shortening(缩略法),MARLBORO:Man Always Remembers Ladies Because Of Romance Only！ADIDAS:All Day I Dream About SportsL/G:Life is good.PHD:Permanent Head DiseaseUFO:Ugly,Fat and OldUSA:Ugly Stupid AnimalJapan:Jeopardize all people and nations MBA:married but available,Language Play on shortening:,7.Statistics,affixation 30%to 40%compounding 28%to 30%conversion 26%shortening 8%to 10%，blending and other means：1%to 5%Pyles and Algeo（1982）,Thank you!,