《被动语态综合》PPT课件.ppt

Grammar,The Present Perfect Passive Voice,一般现在时：am/is/are+p.p一般过去时：was/were+p.p现在进行时：am/is/are being+p.p过去进行时：was/were being+p.p现在完成时：have/has been+p.p过去完成时：had been+p.p一般将来时：will/shall be+p.p,1)现在完成时(have/has+过去分词)现在完成时的动作或情况虽然发生在过去，但它强调的是与现在的关系，用来说明现在的情况。现在完成时不能与表示确定的过去时间的状语连用,如:yesterday,two weeks ago,in 1978,when I got there 等,现在完成时常与 already,always,often,ever,never,yet,not.yet,just等不表示明确,的时间副词连用,还可以和表示时间一直延续到目前的带since,for 的状语及包括现在在内的词连用。如:now,today,this month,this year,recently,these few days 等。不能用在现在完成进行时态的动词,如:be,have,like,love,know,believe,hate等。,现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去,到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响,其构成是:have/has been+done。如：1.The dirty clothes have been washed.脏衣服都已经洗了。2.The plan has been studied by the experts for three times.这项计划已经由专家研究过三次了。,现在完成时的被动语态,1.现在完成时被动语态肯定句主语+has/have been+P.P.+.(P.P.=动词的过去分词形式)Her motorbike has been stolen.她的摩托车被盗了。All the offices have been linked by computer.所有的售票处由计算机联网工作。,句型,2.现在完成时被动语态否定句主语+has/have+not+been+P.P.+.The task has not been finished yet.任务尚未完成。Many skilled workers have not been trained in the company.这家公司并没有培养多少熟练工人。,3.现在完成时被动语态一般疑问句Has he(she,it,单数名词)+been+P.P.+.?Has a new computer been bought?买了一台新电脑吗?Have they been sent abroad to study Eng-lish?他们已经被派往国外学英语了吗?,4.现在完成时被动语态特殊疑问句疑问词+have(has)+主语+been+P.P.+.?What has been bought by Tom?汤姆已经买了什么东西?Who have been helped by the new computer?谁已经得到这种新计算机的帮助?How many buildings have been built in this school?这所学校已经建造了多少座大楼?Where has the car been repaired?这辆小汽车已经在哪里修理好了?,用法,1.主语是行为动作的承受者。如：The Temple of Zhang Fei has been rebuilt.张飞庙已经过重建。,2.说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。如:The door has been locked.门已经被锁上了。,(我或别人现在进不去),3.动作或状态始于过去,持续到现在,并可能 持续下去。如：He has been told about it for many times.有人告诉他这事很多次了。(可能还会有人告诉他),4.用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某时已完成的动作。如：Well start as soon as the work has been finished.工作一完成我们就立即动身。,注意:,副词的位置often,usually,always,never,hardly,seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间。如:误 Such a man has been hardly believed.正 Such a man has hardly been believed.,2.并不是所有动词都有被动语态 1)happen,take place,break out,belong to,cost,last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如：误 Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978.正 Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.,2)open,break,drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。如：误 The door has been opened of itself.正 The door has opened of itself.,3.短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词。如：The SARS patients have been taken good care of.,4.一些特殊动词,如borrow,finish,begin,buy,start,return,marry,open,join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思,则需改换动词或时态。如：,My brother has had(不能用has bought)this bike for almost four years.How long has this book been bought?How long ago was this book bought?,Grammar,现在进行时的被动语态 The present continuous passive voice表示“某人/事此时此刻正在被”,主语是动作的承受者,表示说话时或现阶段某个被动的动作正在进行。,Look!Thechildrenarebeingtakencareofbytheir aunt.瞧!孩子们现在正由姑母照看着。(指现在的情况)Childrenaretakengoodcareofatschool.孩子们在学校被照看得很好。(指通常的情况),谓语动词的形式为“is/are/am+being+过去分词”。如果去掉being,就成为一般现在时被动语态或系表结构。试比较下列句子:,Thereportisbeingwrittenbyoneofthebeststudents.报告正在由一个最好的学生写着。Thereportiswellwritten.报告写得很好。(系表结构),1.肯定形式：am/is/arebeing过去分词The house is being painted.房子正在被粉刷。2.否定形式:am/is/arenotbeing过去分词The trees are not being watered.3.疑问形式:Am/Is/Are主语being过去分词？Am I being watched over?4.特殊疑问句的形式:把特殊疑问词放在一般疑问句前面。How many bridges are being built in the village?,注意1：没有进行时的被动语态一些表示状态、心理活动、拥有、存在等的动词(和主动语态一样)一般不用进行时被动语态,常用一般现在时被动语态表示此时此刻或目前主语承受谓语动词的动作。如:小王,过来,有你的电话。,【误】XiaoWang,comehere.Youare beingwantedonthephone.,【正】XiaoWang,comehere.Youare wantedonthephone.,足球现在越来越流行了,换句话说,它被越来越多的人喜爱。,【误】Footballisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.Inotherwords,itisbeinglovedbymoreandmorepeople.【正】Footballisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.Inotherwords,itislovedbymoreandmorepeople.,注意2 其他形式表示被动结构“be+under/in等介词+名词”结构可代替进行时被动语态。如:Thecityisunderattack(isbeingattacked)atthemoment.目前这个城市正受到进攻。Thebridgeisunderrepair/construction(=isbeingrepaired/constructed).桥梁正在修理中/建筑中。,Theproblemisunderdiscussion(=isbeingdiscussed)atthemeeting.问题正在会上讨论。Thetelephoneisinuse(=isbeingused)now.电话正在使用中。,1.I got caught in the rain and my suit _.(北京2007)A.has ruined B.had ruined C.has been ruined D.had been ruined,C,高考链接,2.Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture,but when and where _ yet.(浙江2007)A.hasnt been decided B.havent decided C.isnt being decided D.arent decided,A,3.If Newton lived today,he would be surprised by what _ in science and technology.(天津2007)A.had discovered B.had been discovered C.has discovered D.has been discovered,D,4.Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School,where she _ English for a year.(湖南2007)A.studies B.studied C.is studying D.has been studying,D,5.With the help of high technology,more and more new substances _ in the past years.(上海2007)A.discovered B.have discovered C.had been discovered D.have been discovered,D,6.When you get the paper back,pay special attention to what _.(四川2007)A.have marked B.have been marked C.had marked D.had been marked,B,7.A new cinema _ here.They hope to finish it next month.A.will be built B.is built C.has been built D.is being built,解析:由they hope to finish it next month,可以知道“建造”工作正在进行,而且主语cinema与动词build之间是被动关系,因此使用现在进行时的被动语态。,D,8.Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.A.cut B.are cut C.are being cut D.had been cut,解析:从句子的语境they will disappear from the earth in the near future 可以知道,“热带雨林被砍伐”正在进行,因此使用现在进行时的被动语态。,C,