阴阳的源流与翻译.ppt

2023/8/6,1,兰凤利 上海中医药大学,中医古典文献中“阴阳”的源流与翻译,中 医学中“阴阳”的源流,中医学继承、发挥了周易的阴阳思想，中医古典文献中的“阴阳”主要是指哲学意义上的“阴阳”，而在具体的语言环境中，又有具体的医学所指，如指男女、性生活、阴经阳经、阴邪阳邪、阴气阳气等等。而其含义的确定是高度依赖于语境的。,2.中 医 古 典 文 献 中“阴 阳”的 翻 译,21“阴阳”哲学概念的英译“阴阳”的翻译：Yin and Yang the male and female elements in nature；Yang,the element of light;Yin,the element of darkness；Yin and Yang,the negative and positive principles in nature；The element of light;the element of darkness；Yang,the lucid element of life;Yin,the turbid element of darkness；Yang,the male element;Yin,the female element；,Yin and Yang the two elements in nature；Yang,the lucid element;Yin,the turbid element；Yin and Yang the two opposing principles；Yang(the male principle of light and life);Yin(the female principle of darkness and death)；Veith：97-253，1949,朗 文当代高级英语辞典,yin,the female principle in Chinese PHILOSOPHY which is inactive,dark,negative,etc.and which combines with YANG(=the male principle)to form the whole world”；“yang,the male principle in Chinese PHILOSOPHY which is active,light,POSITIVE,etc.and which combines with YIN(=the female principle)to form the whole world.Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English：1789，1787,韦氏百科全本英语词典,Yin and Yang(in Chinese philosophy and religion)two principles,one negative,dark and feminine(Yin),and one positive,bright,and masculine(Yang),whose interaction influences the destinies of creatures and things.Websters Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language：1656,接纳 外来词 yin 和yang,“阴阳者，天地之道也，万物之纲纪，变化之父母，生杀之本始，神明之府也”。Yin and yang,they are the Way of heaven and earth,the fundamental principles governing the myriad beings,father and mother to all changes and transformations,the basis and beginning of generating and killing,the palace of spirit brilliance.（Unschuld）,“阴 阳”具 体 概 念 的 英 译,在具体的语言环境中，如以“阴阳”指代具体概念，如男女、性生活、阴阳经脉、（阴）血和（阳）气、等，翻译时就应予以点明。1.丈夫八岁，肾气实，发长齿更；二八，肾气盛，天癸至，精气溢泻，阴阳和，故能有子。（黄帝内经素问上古天真论）英译：In the male,at the age of 8 the boys kidney qi is abundant,his hair grows and his baby teeth are replaced by permanent ones.At the age of 16 the tian gui or sex-stimulating essence matures,he begins to secrete semen;if at this point the male and female unite in harmony,a child may be conceived.,2.冲任之脉既起于胞内，阴阳过度，则伤胞络，故风邪乘虚而入于胞，损冲、任之经，伤太阳、少阴之血，致令胞络之间，秽液与血相兼，连带而下。（诸病源候论妇人杂病诸候带下候）英译：The conception and thoroughfare vessels both originate from the uterus.Excessive sexual activities harms uterine collaterals,and then pathogenic wind invades the uterus,impairing the two vessels,damaging blood of Taiyang and Shaoyin,causing turbidity and blood in the uterine collaterals,together with vaginal discharge flowing down out of the body,3.百病之始生也，皆生于风雨寒暑、阴阳喜怒、饮食居处、大惊卒恐。（黄帝内经灵枢口问）英译：Various diseases are caused by exposure to wind,rain,cold or summer-heat,or excess sex,or a lack of harmonious emotions,or improper diet,or a lack of regularity in lifestyle,or great fear or sudden fright.,4.粗工治之，亟刺阴阳，身体解散，四支转筋，死日有期。（黄帝内经素问疏五过论)英译：A careless doctor treats it by pricking the yin and yang meridians time and again,thus causing the patient getting emaciated,having crumps in the limbs and coming closer to the death day.说明：针灸经穴名称的国际标准化方案中（WHO），“经脉”的标准化译语是 meridian(a two-dimensional grid)。鉴于“经脉”能运行气血，是三维的管道，channel(a three-dimensional tube)亦成为“经脉”的流行对应译语。,5.夫阴与阳，皆有俞会，阳注于阴，阴满之外，阴阳匀平，以充其形，九候若一，命曰平人。夫邪之生也，或生于阴，或生于阳，其生于阳者，得之风雨寒暑；其生于阴者，得之饮食居处、阴阳喜怒。(黄帝内经素问调经论)“夫阴与阳”之“阴阳”指阴经和阳经“阴阳匀平”之“阴阳”为抽象意义上的阴阳“阴阳喜怒”之“阴阳“指男女，性生活”，具体到语境，意为“性生活过度”,英译：The yin and yang meridians possess acupuncture points,where transportation and convergence of qi and blood occur.Blood and qi of the yang meridians will transport to the yin meridians.Blood and qi then fill the yin meridians and flow to other parts of the body.Then yin and yang are balanced,the body becomes robust,the nine indicators of the bodys pulses will also be concert.This occurs in a normal,healthy person.The pathogens may attack the body.There are internal damages caused by yin pathogens and external contractions caused by yang pathogens.The external contractions caused by yang pathogens may result from exposure to rain,wind,cold,or summer heat;while the internal damages caused by yin pathogens may arise from improper diet,a lack of regularity in lifestyle,excessive sexual activities,or a lack of harmonious emotions.,6.蘖木，味苦，寒。主治五脏、肠胃中结热；黄疸；肠痔；止泄痢；女子漏下赤白；阴阳伤；蚀疮。(神农本草经卷三中品伤，通“壮”。汉书景十三王传广川惠王刘越：“望卿走，自投井死，昭信出之，椓杙其阴中。”唐顾况囝：“囝生南方，闽吏得之乃绝其阳。”广雅释诂四：“壮，伤也。”荀子乐论：“带甲婴马害歌於行伍，使人身伤。”于新吾新证：“伤，就读作壮。”阴阳伤，男女生殖器性欲旺盛，即男女性欲旺盛。,英译：Phellodendri Cortex(Huang Bo),bitter in flavor and cold in property.Indications:accumulated heat in the five zang organs as well as in the stomach and intestines;jaundice;perianal abscess;arresting diarrhea and dysentery;spotting with red or light-colored discharge in women;hypersexuality;sores resistant to healing.,7.伤寒之脉，阴阳俱盛而紧涩；热病之脉，阴阳俱浮，浮之而滑，沉之散涩。(难经五十八难)英译：The pulse of cold damage:both cun and chi pulses are strong,tense,and choppy.The pulse of febrile disease:both cun and chi pulses are floating;the pulses are slippery when felt slightly,and scattered and choppy when felt heavily.,8.阴阳相搏，名曰动。阳动则汗出，阴动则发热。(伤寒论)英译：When yin qi and yang qi wrestle with each other,the pulse is throbbing.When the cun pulse is throbbing,sweating results;when the chi pulse is throbbing,fever ensues.,传达其它独特的中医学术语,五脏为阴、六腑为阳“五脏”the(five)yin organs the five zang organs five viscera the five zang organs“六腑”the(six)yang organs the six fu organs six bowels the six fu organs,结语,中医古典文献是研究中医学的重要文献 从古典文献中汲取中医学知识并付诸临床 应充分利用历代（包括当代）的校注成果，在译文中体现一种公认的、合乎文理及医理的解释；“阴阳”的翻译亦应视其具体的含义而定，不可一概音译为yin and yang,Thank You for Your Attention!,