《电文编写技巧》PPT课件.ppt

单证电文处理及业务风险提示,二零零八年六月五日省行国际业务部 蔡丹玲,内容概览第一部分 单证业务电文处理一、单证业务电文编写要点介绍二、单证业务电文处理注意事项第二部分 单证业务电文错报分析第三部分 单证业务风险提,2单证电文处理及业务风险提示,3.单证电文处理电文编写要点介绍,一、电文编写要点介绍1.直接切入主题 2.突出客观主体 3.简洁为美要点1、直接切入主题（突出发报目的）建议：开门见山提出问题/观点/要求例1：业务背景：出口寄单收汇业务电文经办行在3月2日向开证行寄单收汇，并于当日按信用证条款规定向偿付行纽约东京三菱银行（BOTKUS33）进行电索。3月13 日，经办行收到偿付行来电，称未收到开证行授权，所 以不能付款给索汇行。经办行经查明，开证行已于3月6日收妥单据。因此，拟向开证行发送MT799电文，要求其授权偿付行向我行付款。经办行编写的电文内容如下：,4.电文编写要点介绍,（MT799)20:190BP080000001 21:1234567000001 FOR USD17600 DD MAR.2,2008 UNDER YOUR L/C NO.1234567,5电文编写要点介绍直接切入主题,PLS BE INFORMED THAT WE HAVE SENT THE ABOVE MENTIONED DOCUMENTS TO YOUR GOODBANK ON MAR.2,2008 BY DHL COURIER SERVICE CO.AND WE HAVE CLAIMED REIMBURSEMENT TO THE REIMBURSING BANK-BANK OF TOKYO MITSUBISHI UFJ,LTD,THE NEWYORK BY AUTHENTICATED SWIFT IN THE SAME DAY AS PER L/C STIPULATED.,6电文编写要点介绍直接切入主题,WE HAVE LANDED THE DHL COMPANYS NETWORK,AND WE FOUND THAT YOU HAVE RECEIVED THE DOCUMENTS ON MAR 6,2008.BUT WE HAVE RECEIVED A MT799 FROM THE REIMBUSING BANK DD MAR.13,2008，THEY TOLD US THAT THEY CANNOT HONOUR US FOR THE REASON OF NOT HAVING GOT AN AUTHORIZATION FROM YOU.SINCE WE HAVE NOT RECEIVED ANY REFUSAL ADVICE UPTO NOW,ACCORDING TO UCP600,7电文编写要点介绍直接切入主题,ART.16,YOU ARE PRECLUDED TO CLAIM THAT THE DOCUMENTS CONSTITUTE A DISCREPANCY.IN ORDER TO SETTLE THIS MATTER,YOU SHOULD AUTHORISE THE REIMBURSING BANK TO PAY TO US IMMEDIATELY.THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND CO-OPERATION IN THIS MATTER.B.RDS.EXPORT LC DEPT.,8电文编写要点介绍直接切入主题,修改1：PLS BE INFORMED THAT WE HAVECLAIMED REIMBURSEMENT TO THE REIMBURSING BANK-BANK OF TOKYO MITSUBISHI UFJ,LTD,THE NEWYORK BY AUTHENTICATED SWIFT ON MAR.2,2008 AS PER L/C STIPULATEDBUT WE HAVE RECEIVED A MT799 FROM THE REIMBUSING BANK DD MAR.13,THEY TOLD US THAT THEY CANNOT HONOR US-FOR THE REASON OF NOT HAVING GOT AN AUTHORISATION FROM YOU.,9电文编写要点介绍一直接切入主题,例2.开证行承兑了单据，承诺于某个日期 付款,但过了到期日，我行却还没有收 到对方付款。经办行拟写的电文内容 如下：YOU HAVE CONFIRMED THAT YOU WOULD EFFECT PAYMENT TO OUR HEAD OFFICE(SWIFT:ABOCCNBJ)A/C HELD WITH WACHOVIA BANK N.A.,NEW YORK(SWIFT:PNBPUS3NNYC)ON MATURITY DATE,I.E.MAY 08,2008,10电文编写要点介绍一直接切入主题,ON YOUR ACCEPTACE ADVICE ON APR.8,BUT WE HAVE NOT RECEIVED THE PROCEEDS UPTO NOWYOU SHOULD INVESTIGATE THIS MATTER IMMDEDIATELY AND EFFECT PAYMENT TO US WITHOUT ANY DELAY.THKS AND B.RGDS,11电文编写要点介绍一直接切入主题,例2建议：DOCS HAS BEEN ACCEPTED TO MATURE ON MAY 8,2008,BUT WE HAVE NOT RECEIVED FUNDS UPTO DATE PLS EFFECT PAYMENT WITHOUT ANY DELAY.RGDS.,12电文编写要点介绍突出客观主体,要点二、突出客观主体（明确关注对象）建议：适当使用被动语态句式，将信用 证、单据、不符点、收付汇款项等 客观事项作为语句表述主语例1：修改1修改2：,13电文编写要点介绍突出客观主体,修改1：PLS BE INFORMED THAT WE HAVE CLAIMED REIMBURSEMENT TO THEREIMBURSING BANK:BANK OF TOKYO MITSUBISHIUFJ,LTD,THE NEWYORK BY AUTHENTICATED SWIFT ON MAR.2,2008 AS PER L/C STIPULATED，BUT WE HAVE RECEIVED A MT799 FROM THE REIMBUSING BANK DD,修改2：PLS BE INFORMED THAT WE HAVE CLAIMED REIMBURSEMENT TO THE REIMBURSING BANK:BANK OF TOKYO MITSUBISHIUFJ,LTD,THENEWYORK BY AUTHENTICATED SWIFT ON MAR.2,2008 AS PER L/C STIPULATEDBUT WE WERE ADVISED BY THE REIMBUSING BANK DD,14电文编写要点介绍突出客观主体,修改1：MAR.13,2008 THEY TOLD US THAT THEY CANNOT HONOR USFOR THE REASON OF NOT HAVINGGOT AN AUTHORISATION FROM YOU.,修改2：MAR.13,2008 WITH MT799 THAT THEY CANNOT HONOR US FOR THE REASON OF NOT HAVING GOT AN AUTHORISATION FROM YOU,15电文编写要点介绍突出客观主体,修改1：PLS BE INFORMED THAT WE HAVE SENT THE ABOVE MENTIONEDDOCUMENTS TO YOUR GOODBANK ON MAR.02,2008 BY DHL COURIER SERVICE CO.（BUT WE HAVE RECEIVED A MT799 FROM THE REIMBUSING BANK DD MAR.13,THEY TOLD US THAT THEY HAVE NOT GOT AUTHORIZATION FROM YOU TO HONOR OUR PAYMENT.）,修改2：SINCE DOCUMENTS HAVE BEEN SENT TO YOUR GOODBANK ON MAR.2,2008 BY DHL COURIER SERVICE CO.,16电文编写要点介绍突出客观主体,WE HAVE LANDED THE DHL COMPANYS NETWORK,AND WE FOUND THAT YOU HAVERECEIVED THE DOCUMENTSON MAR 6,2008 SINCE WE HAVE NOT RECEIVED ANY REFUSAL ADIVICE UPTO NOW,ACCORDING UCP600ART.16,YOU ARE PRECLUDED TO CLAIM THAT THE DOCUMENTS CONSTITUTE A DISCREPANCY.IN ORDER TO SETTLE THIS MATTER.,AND DHL RECORD SHOWED THAT DOCUMENTS HAVE BEEN RECEIVED BY YOUR GOOD BANK ON MAR.06,2008.AS NO REFUSAL ADVICE HAS BEEN RECEIVED UPTO NOW,ACCORDING TO UCP600 ART.16,YOUR ARE PRECLUDED TO CLAIM THAT DOCUMENTS CONSTITUTE A DISCREPANCY.IN ORDER TO SETTLE THIS MATTER.,17电文编写要点介绍简洁为美,要点3、简洁为美 建议：有依有据，言简意赅 TIPS：1.电文中的要素、内容尽量不要重复 2.有上下文内容联系的，冠词可以省略 3.多使用通用的缩略语 4.语法不需严谨规范 5.PLS BE INFORMED THAT/KINDLY NOTE THAT 并非“必须有”,18电文编写要点介绍简洁为美,修改220:190BP080000001 21:123456779:TOP URGENTRE.OUR DOCUMENTS 000001 FOR USD17600 DD MAR.2,2008 UNDER YOUR L/C NO.1234567,修改320:190BP080000001 21:123456779:TOP URGENTRE.UR DOCU FR USD17600,19电文编写要点介绍简洁为美,修改2PLS BE INFORMED THAT WE HAVE CLAIMED REIMBURSEMENT TO THE REIMBURSING BANK:BANK OF TOKYO MITSUBISHIUFJ,LTD,THENEWYORK BY AUTHENTICATED SWIFT ON MAR.2,2008 AS PER LC STIPULATED,BUT WE WERE ADVISED BY THE REIMBUSING BANK DD MAR.13,2008 WITH MT799 THAT THEY CANNOT HONOR US,修改3WE HV CLAIMED REIM ON BOTKUS33/REIM.BANK BY AUTH SWFT ON MAR.2,2008 BUT WERE ADVSD ON MAR.13 THAT THEY CANNOT HONOR US.,20电文编写要点介绍简洁为美,修改2FOR THE REASON OF NOT HAVINGGOT AN AUTHORISATION FROM YOUSINCE DOCUMENTS HAVE BEEN SENT TO YOUR GOODBANK ON MAR.2,2008 BY DHL COURIER SERVICE CO.,修改3FOR THE REASON OF NOT HAVINGGOT AN AUTHORISATION FROM YOUSINCE DOCS SENT TO YU ON MAR.2,21电文编写要点介绍简洁为美,修改2DHL RECORD SHOWED THAT DOCUMENTS HAVE BEEN RECEIVED BY YOUR GOOD BANK ON MAR.06,2008.AS NO REFUSAL ADVICE HAS BEEN RECEIVED UPTO NOW,ACCORDING TO UCP600 ART.16,YOUARE PRECLUDED TO CLAIM THAT DOCUMENTS CONSTITUTE A DISCREPANCY.,修改3AND DHL RECORD SHOW THAT DOCS RCVD BY YU ON MAR.06,AS NO REFUSAL ADVICE REACH OUR COUNTER UPTO NOW,ACCORDINGTO UCP600 ART.16,YU ARE PRECLUDED TO CLAIM THAT DOCUMENTS CONSTITUTE A DISCREPANCY.,22电文编写要点介绍简洁为美,修改2IN ORDER TO SETTLE THIS MATTER,YOU SHOULD AUTHORISE THE REIMBURSING BANK TO PAY TO US IMMEDIATELY.THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND CO-OPERATION IN THIS MATTER.B.RGDS.EXPORT L/C DEPT,修改3SO,IMMDLY EFFECT PYMT BY AUTHORISE BOTKUS33 TO HONOR UR CLAIM OR PAY TO US DIRECTLY BY REMIT PRCDS TO PNBPUS3NNYC FR CREDIT TO ABOCCNBJ FURTHER TO THEIR GUANGDONG BR.QUOTING UR REF.YR PROMPT ACTION ON THIS MATTER WOULD BE DEMANDED EXP.DEPT.,23电文编写要点介绍简洁为美,20:190BP080000001 21:123456779:TOP URGENTRE UR DOCUS FR USD17600,WE HV CLAIM REIM.ON BOTKUS33 ON MAR 2,2008,BUT WERE INFORMED THAT THEY CANNOT HONOR US FOR THE REASON OF NOT HAVING GOT AN AUTHORISATION FM YU.,24电文编写要点介绍简洁为美,AS DOCUS ALREADY SENT TO YU ON MAR.2,AND DHL RECORD SHOWEDTHAT DOCS RCVD BY YU ON MAR.06,SINCE NO REFUSAL ADVICE REACH US UPTO DATE,ACCORDING TO UCP600 ART.16,YOU ARE PRECLUDED TO CLAIM THAT DOCUS CONSTITUTE A DISCREPANCY.,25电文编写要点介绍简洁为美,SO,IMMDLY EFFECT PYMT BY AUTHORISING REIM.BK TO PAY OR PAY TO US DIRECTLY BY REMITTING PCDS TO PNBPNN3YC FR CREDIT TO AGRICULTURAL BANK OF CHINA,H.O(ABOCCNBJ)FR FURTHER TO THEIR GUANGDONG BR.YR PROMPT ACTION ON THIS MATTER WOULD BE DEMANDED EXP LC DEPT.,26第一部分 单证业务电文处理,二.单证业务电文处理的注意事项1.凭客户书面指示/授权发送电文案例1：出口信用证收汇。单据有不符点。开证行审单后发来拒付通知，列明不符点，并要求改为“托收项下交单”（ON COLLECTION BASIS）。经办行电话联系客户，客户口头表示不同意改为“托收项下交单”，只同意用“付款交单”（ON APPROVAL BASIS)方式。经办行在没有客户提供书面指示/授权情况下，对外发送电文指示开证行按ON APPROVAL BASIS 方式处理。,27单证业务电文处理的注意事项,案例2：出口催收业务 某经办行一笔单证相符的出口信用证收汇业务（未做任何融资业务），几经催收开证行仍既不付款，也不予回复。经办行于是在没有出口商书面指示的情况下，向开证行发送措词强硬的电文，责成对方立即付款，否则会将有关情况向ICC和国内银监会报告。,28单证业务电文处理注意事项,2.根据不同的结算方式和国际规则处理业务电文案例3：进口代收业务。进口商要求在减额情况下支付货款后交单。某经办行未事先征得托收行的同意便凭进口商减额付款的授权书对外付款，并将单据交进口商提货。TIPS1:善用BENE/DRAWER/DRAWEE REQUESTS TO.or:AT REQUEST OF BENE/DRAWER/DRAWEE.参考电文：-THE DRAWER REQUEST TO DECREASE DRAFT AMOUNT TO XXX FOR FINAL SETTLEMENT OF THE DOC,PLS OBTAIN,29单证业务电文处理注意事项,DRAWEES CONSENT AND CONFIRM US BY AUTH.SWFT3.在受理的业务范围内处理单证业务电文业务介绍：伊朗出口信用证的通知和收汇开证时：伊朗进口商伊朗开证行DZ BANKABC出口商交单收汇时：国内出口商 ABC DZ BANK 伊朗开证行DZ BANKABC国内出口商,30第二部分 单证业务错报分析,错报1：TO:ABOCCNBJFM:ABOCCNBJ190MT202:20:OUR REF.NO.198PA080000281:21:RELATED REFERENCE268Y08LA005116:32A:VALUE DATE,CURRENCYCODE,AMOUNT080219HKD1200：52A：ORDERING INSTITUTIONABOCCNBJ190,31第二部分 单证业务错报分析,(1续）:57A:ACCOUNT WITH INSTITUTIONABOCCNBJ:58A:BENEFICIARYSINSTITUTIONBKCHHKHH:72:SENDER TO RECEIVER INFORMATION/BNF/PAYMT FOR L/C CHGS/ADV.FEE HKD700,AMEND.FEE HKD500.错误？,32第二部分 单证业务错报分析,错报2：TO:ABOCCNBJFM:ABOCCNBJ190MT202:20:OUR REF.NO.19OIO081640025:21:RELATED REFERENCEOBCOCB069725:32A:VALUE DATE,CURRENCYCODE,AMOUNT080310USD33,216.72:52A：ORDERING INSTITUTIONABOCCNBJ190,33第二部分 单证业务错报分析,(2续）:57A:ACCOUNT WITH INSTITUTIONMRMDUS33:58D:BENEFICIARYSINSTITUTION/00055930HSBC LTD.SINGAPORE OFFICE:72:SENDER TO RECEIVER INFORMATION/REC/LESS COLL FEE USD33.28/CBL CHG USD30 错误？,34第二部分 单证业务错报分析,错报3：TO:ABOCCNBJFM:ABOCCNBJ190MT202:20:OUR REF.NO.360PA080230265:21:RELATED REFERENCE110BP080280560:32A:VALUE DATE,CURRENCYCODE,AMOUNT0804024USD766,914.96：52A：ORDERING INSTITUTIONABOCCNBJ190,35第二部分 单证业务错报分析,(3续）:57A:ACCOUNT WITH INSTITUTIONPNBPUS3NNYC:58A:BENEFICIARYSINSTITUTIONABOCCNBJ110:72:SENDER TO RECEIVER INFORMATION/BNF/OUR LC NO.360LT080230012/DECLARATION NOT CONDUCTED/REMITTER:SAMSUNG NEAVY IND LTD/COUNTRY：KOREA 错误？,36第三部分 单证业务风险提示,一、开证时谨慎使用议付兑用方式风险：议付方式信用证存在善意第三者议付行，议付行的地位在法律上优于受益人，即使在信用证发生欺诈的情况下，如果议付行在不知情的情况下已就相符单据进行了议付，开证行也应对其履行付款责任，这对开证行是十分不利的。建议和要求：1.对于远期信用证，应开立凭我行承兑或迟期付款方式的信用证，尽量不要开立议付方式的远期信用证。2.除非开立承兑信用证，以即期付款和议付方式开立的信用证原则上不再规定汇票条款，以避免善意持票人根据票据法、而非单凭信用证条款规定，主张付款权利。如果确实需要汇票，汇票付款人必须指定为我行。3.对于即期信用证，应尽量开立以我行为付款行的付款信用证,37第三部分 单证业务风险提示,二、开立信用证时指定银行兑用信用证，单 据通过非被指银行提交时的处理。风险:开证行对非被指银行付款后，如果被 指银行寄来相符单据，开证行仍然必须 付 款。建议：在对非被指银行付款之前，事先发送电 文向被指银行确认是否议付了相关单据，如没有，要求被指银行确认不再处理该套 单据,38第三部分 单证业务风险提示,三、关于议付中向受益人表示同意预付的方式议付方式：议付行在获得偿付之前,凭受益人提 交的相符单据：1.立即对其付款（BY ADVANCING)2.向受益人表示同意预付（BY AGREEING TO ADVANCE),39第三部分 单证业务风险提示,议付行防范远期议付风险措施1.寄单后发电文给开证行要求授权议付，收到开证行 接受单据通知后再向受益人表示同意提前付款2.在寄单面函上要求开证行授权议付，收到开证行接 受单据通知后再向受益人做出表示同意提前付款TIPS：1.议付行向受益人做出同意提前付款的表示应 有书面依据的，否则不能证明正当议付行身 份。2.议付行可以根据与客户间的协议，对单据进 行部分议付,40第三部分 单证业务风险提示,四、关于拒付通知的问题。例子:DOCUMENTS REFUSED DUE TO THE FLWG DISCS:1.INCORRECT AMOUNT IN DRAFT2.INVOICE NOT AS PER LC3.LATE SHIPMENT拒付有效吗？,41第三部分 单证业务风险提示,五、关于MT700中44A、44E、44F、44B的用法44A:PLACE OF TAKING INCHARGE/RECEIPT44E:PORT OF LOADING/AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE44F:PORT OF DISCHARGE/AIRPORT OF DESTINATION44B:PLACE OF FINAL DESTINATION,42第三部分 单证业务风险提示,和运输单据的对应关系：客户申请书要求提交的是：1.提单(B/L)、非转让海运单(NNSW)、租船提单(CPBL)或者航空运单(AWB)：MT700电文相应使用44E、F;2.公路(ROAD)、铁路(RAIL)或者内陆水运(INLAND WATERWAY)单据，或者快递(COURIER)/邮政(POST)收据：MT700电文相应使用44A、B;3.多式运输单据或联合运输单据（MULTIMODAL DOCUMENTS/COMBINED TRANSPORT DOCUMENTS)：则必须要求客户进一步明确收货地和/或交货地名称，MT700电文相应使用44A,E和F，或者44E/F和B,或者44A、E、F和B。,43第三部分 单证业务风险提示,六、关于转让行的责任1.根据UCP600ART.38(i)条款内容,转让行是有审单责任的。.IF THE FIRST BENE CREATE DISCREPANCIES THAT DID NOT EXIST IN THE PRESENTATION MADE BY THE SECOND BENE AND THE FIRST BEN FAILS TO CORRECT THEM ON THE FIRST DEMAND THE TRANSFERRING BANK.或第一受益人提交的发票存在不符点，且第二受益人的发票不存在该不符点，但第一受益人未能在首次被要求时便予以改正，转让行有权将。,44第三部分 单证业务风险提示,2.如果第一受益人不换单或者单据有不符点而不及时改正，一般来说，转让行应通知第二受益人，在获得其授权后才可寄单开证行。3.转让信用证项下，第二受益人的 单据必须提交给转让行，由转让行再转交开证行。UCP中唯一单据不可直接寄开证行的情况。,45第三部分 单证业务风险提示,七、关于加具保兑1、加具保兑后应规定保兑行收到相符单据后在履行付款责任。好处：1.保兑行掌握审单权 2.掌握保兑责任的期限-UCP600 ART.8 A（i):PROVIDED THAT THE STIPULATED DOCUMENTS ARE PRESENTED TO THE CONFIRMING BANK OR TO ANY OTHER,46第三部分 单证业务风险提示,NOMINATED BANK AND THEY CONSITUTE A COMPLYING PRESENTATION,THE CONFIRMING BANK MUST:HONOUR.2、加具保兑的参考语句：WE CONFIRM THE CREDIT AND UNDERTAKE TO HONOR(OR NEGOTIATE)COMPLYING DOCUMENTS PRESENTED TO US AT OUR COUNTER WITHIN THE EXPRIY DATE.,47几个单据问题的解答,Q1:提单可以有一个以上的收货方（ORDER PARTY/CONSIGNEE)吗？Q2:LC要求提单FM GUANGZHOU TO NEWYORKB/L PRESENTED AS FOLLOWS:PLACE OF RECEIPT:SHENZHENPORT OF LOADING:GUANGZHOUPORT OF DISCHARGE:NEWYORK提单是否需要装船批注明确装运港？,48几个单据问题的解答,Q3:提单只能在背面背书吗？Q4:信用证要求多式联运提单，付款期限是装运后60天。提交的提单上签发日是7/02/08，另有装船批注日 为6/02/08.请问用哪个日期计算付款到期日？Q5:收妥待运提单没有装船批注，但是承运 人另外签发一份货已装某指定船只的证明 同时注明了提单号码。这符合信用证要求吗？Q6:信用证要求“装箱单”和“重量单”。受益人交来一份 标题为“装箱单和重量单”的联合单据（COMBINED DOCUMENTS)。这符合信用证要求吗？,49几个单据问题的解答,Q7:如果信用证要求FIATA B/L,运输商应该以承运人或其代理人（CARRIER OR AGENT OF A NAMED CARRIER)身份签发提单或者可以以运输行代理身份签发？Q8:装箱单至少应该有货物简称吗？Q9：开证行于3月5日上午向德国通知行发出信用证修 改，将装船期由2月25日延长至3月2，当天下午，收到德国议付行交来单据，装船日为3月1日。请问 货物是否迟装船？,ANSWER SHEET,A1:NO.只能1个。A2:同业间有不同意见。建议批注，特别在办理贸易融资业务情况下A3:NO.也可在正面。A4:6/02/08.A5:NOA6:NO.应提交2份联合单据。(UCP600)A7:应该以承运人或其代理人身份签发（FIATA:国际运输行协会联合会INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF THE FREIGHT FORWARDER ASSOCIATION，是一个由众多运输商组成的民间组织，参加该组织的成员一般规模较大）A8:NO.有发票编号或合同编号能与发票关联便可。A9:NO.,谢 谢！,电话：,