英文书信.ppt

English Letter Writing,Havent seen you for a long time.,I.Layout and Conventions of Letter Writing,Conventions of letter writing,like fashion,may change over the years.But there are some that can be regarded as rulesthey are unlikely to change,if ever,for a very long time.Before we go,please consider the following questions first:,a)What are the components of an English letter?How are they normally laid out?,b)How does business correspondence differ from personal letters,in layout and in language?,c)How much do you know about the differences between Chinese and English letter writing?,英文书信一般可以分为事务书信/公函(Business Letter or Official Correspondence)和个人书信(Personal Letter)两大类。前者是单位与单位之间或者个人与单位之间来往的书信，后者是亲朋好友之间的来往信件。在格式和语体方面，事务书信比较正规(Formal)，而个人失信却比较随便(Informal)，当然，不论哪种书信，都不追求辞藻的华丽，而以语言简洁明了为佳。,一般来说，英文书信的写作要遵循下列“五C原则”，即Correctness（正确），Clarity（清晰），Courtesy（礼貌），Conciseness（简洁）和Consideration（体谅）。,发信人地址(Heading),发信日期(Date),收信人姓名地址(Inside Address),称呼语(Salutation),.,结束语(Complimentary Close),署名(Signature),头衔(Title),附件(Enclosure),附言(Postscript),1.1 Indented Form(缩行式),BODY OF THE LETTER,Heading,Date,Inside Address,Salutation,Complimentary Close,Signature,1.2 Blocked Form(齐头/并列式),PARAGRAPH 1,PARAGRAPH 2,PARAGRAPH 3,1.内文地址(Inside Address),内文地址包括收信人的姓名和地址，写在信纸的左上角。从信纸的左边顶格写起.其用词和格式和信封上的完全一样，也分并列式和斜列式两种。书写的次序为：先写姓名和头衔，再写地址。行末是否用标点，应与信头一致。如：,Professor William Green,New York University,New York,U.S.A,Miss Zhang Lili303 Domitory 4 Tianjin University Tianjin,China,现在，在非常熟悉的亲朋好友之间，信内的这部分可免写。,32.称呼(Salutation),称呼是对收信人的称谓语：一般位于内文地址以下两行，从左边顶格写，占一行，末尾用逗号（美国和加拿大人多用冒号）。事务性书信的称呼后面一般要用冒号。常用的敬语如下：,对不熟悉的男人用：Dear Sir,Dear Sirs,或 My dear Sir.对不熟悉的女人用：Dear Madam或My dear Madam.也可用Dear Ladies.,对熟悉男女用：Dear Mr.+姓,Dear Mrs.+姓,Dear Miss+姓,对和熟悉的男女用：My dear+名（如My dear Tom）,Dear Dady,Dear Mama,Dear Uncle,Dear Brother,另外在英国，需要注意的是，特别是在特别正式交际的信件中，偶尔也有用Esq.的。Esq.是Esquire的缩写，也是“先生”的意思，用在姓氏和名字的后面，其前面可有逗号，也可无。例如：James West对的称呼，应该是：James West,Esq.(very ceremonious),对外公事函件中，收信人的称呼可用Gentlemen（注意不可用Gentleman），Dear Sir(s)等。Gentlemen之前不可加Dear，后面也不可带姓名。用Sirs时，前面常有Dear一词，但也单独用Sir。,3.正文(The Main Body),正文即写信人要向对方说的话，是书信的主体部分。正文从称呼下方隔一行开始，第一个字母应向右缩进四至六个字母，下一行与称呼语的第一个字母取齐。,4.结束语(Complimentary Close),结束语是写信人表示自己对收信人的一种谦称，只占一行，低于正文一、二行，从信纸中间稍右的地方开始写。第一个词的开头字母要大写，末尾用逗号，不同的通讯关系用不同的结束语，例如：,1）用于上级、长者 Your(very)respectfully,(Very)Respectfully yours,Yours(very)obediently,(Very)obediently yours,Yours gratefully,2）用于机关、团体或不相识的人 Yours(very)truly,(Very)truly yours,Yours(very)faithfully,(Very)faithfully yours,Yours(very)sincerely,（3）用于一般熟人或朋友 Yours,Yours ever,Ever yours,Yours affectionately,As ever,Yours as ever,Yours sincerely(cordially),Always(sincerely)yours,Cordially,Yours Faithfully,Yours fraternally,（4）用于亲属或挚友 Yours affectionately,Loving yours,(Much)Love,With love,Your loving son(child,sister,nephew,niece,grandmother),Your most affectionate,Your devoted friend.,要注意Yours不可写成Your。在欧洲一些国家里，多用Yours sincerely等形式，Yours放在sincerely前面。美国和加拿大等国则多用Sincerely yours等形式，把yours放在sincerely后。,5签名(Signature),信末的签名一般低于结束用语一二行，从信纸中间偏右的地方开始。如果使用打字机，一般空出一行，再打名字，空的那行供手签名用。手签名主要是使收信人相信信件是真实的。如写信人是女性，又与收信人不相识，则往往在署名前用括号注上Miss,Mrs.或Ms.，以便对方回信时知道如何称呼。有的还在署名之后写上自己的职称或头衔。例如：,Yours truly;(Signature)(Ms.)Ellen Butler Professor of English,Yours very faithfully,(Signature)Charles SmithManaging DirectorThe National Trading Co.,6附件(Enclosure),如果信的正文谈到有附件要寄，则应在左下角注明Encl.或Enc.。如附件不止一个，则应写上2（或3，4等）。例如：,Encls.:3 invoices 附发票三张Enc:Doctors Certificate 附医生证明一张Encl.:A copy of my resume 附简历一份,7附言(Postscript),附言部分用于补充遗漏的话，一般应少用，郑重的函件更应避免使用。,二.英文书信实例,（说明：这封信是一个美国大学生学生写给西南交通大学外事处的一封真实信件，信的格式及其内容没做任何的改动。）,The Graduate School Hawaii UniversityP.O.Box 553Hawaii,U.S.AJuly 25,1999,Foreign Affairs OfficeSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu,Sichuan ProvinceP.R.China,Dear Sirs,I am a graduate student at the Graduate School of Hawaii University concentrating my studies on the Peoples Republic of China.Upon graduation,I would like to come to your country as an English instructor or tutor at your university.,I have been studying the Chinese language and culture for the past ten months and will continue to do so until my graduation in August of 2000.I would then like to continue my studies in China as an English instructor.In addition to my extensive educational background,I have computer and basketball coaching experience which,I guess,may also be of benefit to you.,Enclosed is a resume highlighting my educational background.,I look forward to your earliest possible reply.Please feel free to respond in Chinese characters.,With Best Regards Sincerely yours John W.White John W.White,三、英文信件信封的写法(The Envelope),1先把寄信人的姓名和地址写在左上角，然后把收信人的姓名和地址写在中间靠右一带内的位置上。地点名称由小到大。信封的右上角为贴邮票处。（注意：英文信封地址的位置和汉语信封的写法完全相反，千万不要搞错，否则，信就寄不出去）在信封上，寄信人只写姓名，不加头衔；但收信人的姓名前一般都加上头衔，以示礼貌和尊敬。,信封左上角的“From”表示“寄自”或“寄”的意思。收信人前面的“To”（也可不写）表示“.收”或“给”的意思。也可写上“If not delivered(Undelivered),please return to”，意思是：“如无法投递，请将原信退回”。,在信封的左下角，可以附加一些说明语，例如：Personal（亲收），Private（私人信件），Ordinary Mail（平信），Immediate(Urgent)（急件），Registered(Reg.)（挂号），Express（快信），By(Via)Air Mail（航空），Printed Matter（印刷品），Sample Post（样品邮件），等等。,4.如果信件不是通过邮寄，而是托人转交，则信封上不写收信人的地址，只在收信人名称下写：By Politeness of(of:Kindness of,Through the Courtesy of),加上带信人的姓名，例如：Dr.William Brown Kindness of Prof.Walter Snow,如果不写出带信人的姓名，则只需在收信人姓名之上写Please Forward：例如：Please ForwardMr.James Pearson,5.信封上的地址可采用并列式（也叫齐头式）或斜列式，但无论采用哪种写法，信封和信内地址的写法格式相同。目前，绝大多数人采用并列式。如：,例1：并列式(Block Form),Prof.Wang Ping,850,Huanghe Road,Dalian,Liaoning 116029,P.R.China,Stamp,Mr.John Smith,1438 Maple Street,Hollywood 56 Cali.,U.S.A.,Personal,例2：斜列式(Indented Form),Fan Wei,P.O.Box 528,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian,P.R.China,Stamp,DDirector,Dept.of Science,Columbia University,New York,NY 10027,U.S.A.,Registered,四、英文书信的种类(Types of English Letters),4.1 私人书信(Personal Correspondence),4.1.1 家信,4.1.2 友情信,4.1.3 情书,4.1.4 约会信,4.1.5 求爱信,4.1.6 婉拒信,Family Letters,Friendly Letters,Love Letters,Date Letters,Wooers Letters,Letters of Tactfully Refusing,4.2 社交书信(Social Correspondence),4.2.1 邀请信,4.2.2 感谢信,4.2.3 祝贺信,4.2.4 吊唁信,4.2.5 慰问信,4.2.6 推荐信,Letters of Invitation,Letters of Thanks,Letters of Congratulation,Letters of Condolence,Letters of Consolation,Letters of Recommendation,4.3 求学信,4.4 求职信,4.5 录取信,4.6 录用信,4.7 雇佣信,4.8 辞职信,4.9 咨询信,Letters of application for Study Abroad,Letters of admission,Letters of Application for a Post,Letters for Trial Employment,Letters of Employment,Letters of Resignation,Letters of Inquiry,4.10 请求信,4.11 求助信,4.12 道歉信,4.13 赠礼信,4.14 购物信,4.15 规劝信,4.16 预定信,4.17 通知信,Letters of Request,Letters of Asking for Help,Letters of Apologies,Letters of Sending Gifts,Letters of Purchasing,Letters of Advice,Letters of Reservation,Letters of Information,五、英文书信的起首语和结束语,(一)、起首语,书信正文的第一句话或第一段，通常被称为起首语(The Opening Sentence(s)。一般说来，英文书信没有固定的起首语。但人们习惯用一些客套写法作为书信正文的起始，即先将对方来信的日期、主题加以简单描述，以便使得对方一看便知道该信是回答哪一封信的。如果是第一次给别人写信，也可用开头语作必要的自我介绍，并表明自己写信的主要目的。,常见的起首语有：,1.Thank you for your letter dated Oct.23,1999.,2.Many thanks for the letter of Sept.4,1999.,3.A thousand thanks for you kind letter of June 6,1999.,4.Your kind letter of November 24th arrived this morning.,5.Your letter which arrived today gave me great comfort.,6.In reply to your letter dated 6th July,I want to say,Thank you very much for your latter of August 1 and the gift you sent me on Christmas Eve.,8.What a treat to receive you kind letter of May 5th!,9.It is always thrill to see your nice handwriting.,10.First of all I must thank you for your kind assistance and high attention to me.,11.With great delight I hear from your letter of this Sunday that,12.I was so glad to receive your letter of March 3rd.,13.I am writing to ask about the conference to be held in Beijing next year.,14.I am very much pleased to inform you that my visit to your country has been approved.,(二)、结束语,正文结束前，通常采用结束语(The Closing Sentence)，以告知对方信的正文部分已经写完。常见的结束语有：,1.Awaiting your good news.,2.Looking forward to your early reply.,3.Hoping to hear from you soon.,4.We await your good news.,5.I hope to hear from you very soon.,6.We look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.,7.I look forward to our next meeting there in Los Angeles.,8.Your early reply will be highly appreciated.,9.Any other particulars wanted me shall be pleased to send you.,10.The help you give me is sincerely valued.,11.I hope everything will be well with you.,12.Please let us know if you want more information.,13.I hope you always enjoy yourself.,14.I wish you every success in the coming year.,15.Please remember me to your family.,16.With best regards to your family.,17.All the best.,18.With love and good wishes.,六、信封上常见的附加说明,Air Mail(By Air Mail,Via Air Mail,Par Avon),航空,Air Mail Registered,航空挂号,Sea Mail,海运,Double Registered,双挂号,Express,快件,Urgent,急件,Immediate,急件,Rush,速递,Ordinary,Printed Matter,Special delivery,Book Post,Parcel post,Sample Post,Samples of no commercial value,With Compliments,Photo Enclosed,平信,印刷品,特邮快件,图书邮件,包裹邮件,样品邮件,无商品价值邮件,赠品,内附照片,Manuscripts,Photographs,Please Not Bend,Return Postage Guaranteed,If undelivered,please return to,Private,Personal,Secret,Top Secret,Confidential,保付退还邮资,如果无法投递，请退,稿件,内付照片，请勿折叠,亲启,亲收,密件,绝密,机密,To be left till called for,To await arrival,Please Readdress,Care of Postmaster,留局待审,收信人到后拆封,请转寄,留存邮局,若邮寄的材料可呢感会受到海关或邮政部门的检查，信封就得用透明胶纸封口，并在封口出注明下述字样：Please lift here to inspect content.,Example:To a Husband Away on Business,Ed,dear:,You left home right a week today,but it seems more than one year to me!Ive been feeling lonely without you.,However,Im so glad to hear that you had a nice trip this time.The order you got in Hong Kong is pretty marvelous!I guess you must be elated about it too.,Are you coming home directly home,dear?Or you are going to make some stops on the way?I do hope youll be back in time for our sons birthday party next Friday.Hes now counting the days for his birthday and keeps asking me when youll be home.I hope you wont disappoint him.,Everything is well with us and the weather here is nice,too.The day before yesterday I went to see your father.He has recovered from his bad cold and he looks well now.everything is also well with your parents.,Dear,tell me exactly what day youll be back,for Jimmy and I are very lonely for daddy.,Love and kisses to you,darling,With love,Susan,Example 2:Love Letter,Dearest Ted:,Next to you,I think the postman is my favorite person,for he brings me your nice letters.And your letters fill my days with sunshine and happiness.,Have I told you that I love you,recently?You are in my thoughts every minute of the day,in my dreams every hour of the night.Yesterday in the composition class I almost wrote the words“I love you,Ted”right in the middle of my essay.Luckily,I discovered it in time and erased them.,Right now,having just re-read your letter,I feel as if you were here with me,and I am the happiest girl in the world at the mere thought of you.My classmates often tease me for being absorbed in thinking of you.I like their teases,for you know they mean I have a boy who really adores and loves me.,Take good care of yourself.,Devotedly,Cathrina,Example 3:Letters of Thanks,Dear Professor Otto:,Many many thanks for your hospitality and the honor you showed me during our delegations recent visit to your university.It was so nice of you to introduce me so many famous professors and celebrated scholars at your university.We had a safe and sound trip home.Now we have resumed our work.,I hope you will put a short trip to our university and give some lectures on modern Western Economics this fall.Sincerely yours,David Acheson,Example 4:留学推荐信,Dear Sir:,Mr.Gao Xiaolin asked me to write this letter of recommendation for his further study at your university.During his graduate years he was one the best students of mine,and now he is a popular lecturer at Wuhan Univeristy.Therefore,I am willing to furnish my view about him to support his application to your university in the coming fall semester 2003.In the academic year 1996-2000,Mr.Gao was in the Class on International banking and Western Economics under my instruction.Needless to say,the two courses demand prior study of,among other things,the English language and other foreign languages.,After his graduation,he became a teacher of our Department.With his mature academic ability and a strong sense of responsibility,he has drawn favorable appraisals from his supervisors as well as colleagues.Students under his guidance performed well too.,As to his character and personality,he is indeed a courteous,pleasant and ambitious young man.Furthermore,he has a warm character,I would say he will be able to get along well with people of different nationalities.In a word,he is really a student of high potential.Im sure he is qualified for advanced scholastic pursuit.I dont hesitate to recommend him to your graduate school.,Sincerely yours,Wang Yongqing,Professor of Economics,Example 5:求职信,求职信的内容一般包括以下部分：,1）写信的原由；,2）个人情况介绍，例如：年龄、性别、文化程度、工作经历、工作技能、个人专长等；,3）推荐人或证明人姓名以供录用方查询；,4）约定面试时间。通常随求职信附上个人建立或两三封推荐信。,April 13,2000 Room 212 Building 343 Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084 Ms.Yang:I was referred to you by Mr.Zhang,a Partner with your Beijing office,who informed me that the Shanghai office of your company is actively seeking to hire quality individuals for your Auditor Program.I have more than two years of accounting experience,including interning as an Auditor last year with the Beijing office of CCCC.I will be receiving my MBA this May from Tsinghua University.I am confident that my combination of practical work experience and solid educational experience has prepared me for making an immediate contribution to your company.I understand the level of professionalism and communication required for long-term success in the field.My background and professional approach to business will provide your office with a highly productive Auditor upon completion of your development program.,I will be in the Shanghai area the week of April 16.Please call me at 136001216901 to arrange a convenient time when we may meet to further discuss my background in relation to your needs.I look forward to meeting you then.Sincerely,Cheng Dan,April 13,2000 P.O.Box 36Tsinghua UniversityBeijing,China 100084 Dear Sir/Madam:Your advertisement for a Network Maintenance Engineer in the April 10 Student Daily interested me because the position that you described sounds exactly like the kind of job I am seeking.According to the advertisement,your position requires top university,Bachelor or above in Computer Science or equivalent field and proficient in Windows NT4.0 and LINUX System.I feel that I am competent to meet the requirements.I will be graduating from Graduate School of Tsinghua University this year with a M.S.degree.My studies have included courses in computer control and management and I designed a control simulation system developed with Microsoft Visual InterDev and SQL Server.,During my education,I have grasped the principals of my major and skills of practice.Not only have I passed CET-6,but more important I can communicate with others freely in English.My ability to write and speak English is out