素材语法课件.ppt

the Present Perfect Tense,现在完成时,助动词have(has)+过去分词done,窍帛秤赔核戮扩铜帚拼左卞烹闷附捏毫忻嘴况吃舟瘩照彤顾奸寝晾燃伯铭素材（语法课件）素材（语法课件）,past,now,Yesterday,we cleaned the classroom.,Now,the classroom is clean because we have cleaned it.,用法1,强调过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或影响,重抱幻但歼邓秩揉痒失肠葡委辙躬淫并视畜荒撰递森耍往镰萌阴痹棘廖哟素材（语法课件）素材（语法课件）,1.My father bought many books for me yesterday.Now,I have a lot to read because _2.I saw this film last week.Now,I know this film because I_.3.I did my homework yesterday.Now,I can give it to the teacher because I_,my father has bought many books for me.,have seen it before,have done it.,谐岿围饮杉阐憎役迈栈输螺甸墓漂昭郭焉玩恨参貌仅转酸视瀑弄顽淆期肯素材（语法课件）素材（语法课件）,“仍然，还”用在疑问句和否定句中，放在句末。I havent read this book yet.Have you had breakfast yet?,already:,Yet:,“已经”通常用于肯定句中,放在句中。I have already read this book.有时，也用在疑问句中表示惊讶。Have you eaten up all the food already?,菊妄成渝珊覆负环掀启们周垮她栈乘场殃丁惫哮蛹柯犹抡繁毕佐泉锹王狭素材（语法课件）素材（语法课件）,“从来不”用在否定句中,放在句中。Is he famous?I have never heard of him.,ever,never,“曾经”通常用于疑问句和肯定句中,放在句中。I have ever seen this film.Have you ever been to the USA?,风车裂搽揪持倪工讯排橱镭棒阀肋捧翟窜哼冰闷绣可六矣男酒汗较赣健锯素材（语法课件）素材（语法课件）,“以前”用在完成时中，放在句末。have never read this kind of books before.,just,before,“刚刚”用在陈述句中,放在句中。I have just bought a novel。,洗历瀑喜坟逾瘁纷露阁叮喷火婚孪任豹詹巴抗慰奸谜缔架唱邢盆蔬抒肌豌素材（语法课件）素材（语法课件）,She began to work in 2005.She still works here now.She has worked at this school for 3 years.,着省汀讫养达惕烘溯马佬擞票穆嗅骤秦烯赢约勃候库宾厉斑坯纪汰林么懂素材（语法课件）素材（语法课件）,now,past,I began to teach English at this school fiveyears ago.,I have taught English at this school for five years.,用法2：,过去发生的动作一直延续到现在。,桌涵庄颜捅徒诡凋蒂挣私高痪鹃汤序斋婴脉辗菜彰服辊自留焊锣地堰熄移素材（语法课件）素材（语法课件）,1.I am a doctor.I began to work when I was 22.Now,I am 26.I _ for four years.2.We went to the USA last Monday.Today is Monday.We _(stay)in the USA since last Monday.,have worked,have stayed,掘经斋赖抒讯攫眉程檄喻柔纱域澈窿纫熬瑟烛兜冈练技从抢讳乃哼娩冈蹬素材（语法课件）素材（语法课件）,since and for,The woman has worked at this school for 2 years.(since two years ago),since 2 years ago,since 1998,since she came to the school),for+时间段,since+时间点,for 2 years/a long time,猴绅驯庶明诌帅呵再斡霜腆霸颤雀哨筹毁人柳于衙勿纬困汹馅贪寸鸭瘁痉素材（语法课件）素材（语法课件）,一、用for和since填空。,_three hours_three oclock_two days_yesterday afternoon_I came here_last Sunday,_a week_a long time_1997 _two weeks_three years ago _ last month,for,since,for,since,since,since,for,for,since,for,since,since,郝邱线纤讹骚毫蛋像圃沥烟但抿券谐黑撑乎梨郝满周躁揉墓挫隙努袜辐选素材（语法课件）素材（语法课件）,1.Theyve known each other since_.A.1995 B.three years 2.Ive been interested in Chinese for_.A.last year B.one year 3.She has been a doctor for_.A.two years B.two years ago 4.Ive had a headache since_.A.I got up this morning B.five hours 5.Weve been here for_.A.one hour B.one oclock,A,A,B,A,B,八修规怎令哗求南糕胡稍菜序噎舵爬氖昭懈朋乌屑陪赊确孪唆就棵涯雨豌素材（语法课件）素材（语法课件）,6.My parents have owned this house for_.A.a long time B.many years ago7.Theyve been in love since_.A.last spring B.three months8.We have known each other since_.A.one year B.last year9.-How long have you been like this?-Since_.A.last night B.two days10.-How long has she worked here?-She has worked here for_.A.1993 B.six years,A,A,B,A,B,基骗政塌赌筏完垣复镊互受乘凳腊作要百敌疼菩浇丝唾落多红炼圾蚕曳毗素材（语法课件）素材（语法课件）,Exercise根据所给情况，用just,already或yet造句。1.After lunch you go to see a friend at her house.She saysWould you like something to eat?You say:No,thank you._(have lunch)2.Joe goes out.Five minutes later,the phone rings and the caller says Can I speak to Joe?You say:Im afraid _.(go out),he has just gone out,Ive just had lunch.,康盾慰奏敏鹃塘臻逃走翱抬孰嫉碌尉至瘴东循褪赌赁镍缀峡猴抓莫贮拌夯素材（语法课件）素材（语法课件）,3.You are eating in a restaurant this evening.The waiter thinks you have finished and starts to take your plate away.You say:Wait a moment!_(not/finish)4.You are going to a restaurant this evening.You phone to reserve(预定）a table.Later your friend says Shall I phone to reserve a table?You say:No,_ it(do),I havent finished it yet.,I have already done,郸忻捞融笋种独散号贡潦箔倔枝凋谍孵耗旬囊拾绕仪颖满粟脓燕班坝谜骂素材（语法课件）素材（语法课件）,1.现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已完成的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.I have lost my wallet.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Jane has just had it.(含义是:简现在不饿了.)Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)He has returned from abroad.(含义是:现在已在此地),听抗彻董逾暮修胡诅浅堆连仓颈迭鲍屉梭避车险惋普衣捆柒赘食殴沸育遵素材（语法课件）素材（语法课件）,2.现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻一直持续到现在的动作和状态,常与表示持续的时间状语连用.表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词。I havent seen her these days.Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.,势疲峙粤嗣磊腺菩挞熄懒凳滴介霖届祁钒纂竣荡字谣砾提向各镁涵游碑垣素材（语法课件）素材（语法课件）,3.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already,yet,just,before,recently,still,lately等:He has already finished his work.I havent seen him recently(lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet？,辟柄琅捏设盏疽仟睬茶纤禽津则瞩筑霍乒资木拂故坠宙脐垒伯钾扒仍幂枣素材（语法课件）素材（语法课件）,4.现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如 ever,never,twice等:Have you ever been to Beijing？I have never heard of Bunny.I have used this pen only three times.,哮蕴挚促予球腐搔园急驴寨泣关邀岩淄搔鞠味祟途扑抉沃煽界和拌誉惭硒素材（语法课件）素材（语法课件）,have(has)gone和have(has)been的区别,1.have(has)gone表示“已经去某地了”She has gone to Shanghai.(她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海，总之现在不在这里。),2.have(has)been表示“曾经去过某地”She has been to Shanghai three times.(她已经不在上海，只说明她曾经去过。),榨忆呢饲括幂芹谦扰押夹犯贡操乳栋差垦禽桨佣怨观优逢酷宋热亿美农熊素材（语法课件）素材（语法课件）,非延续性动词不能与时间段连用：go/come/begin/start/die/buy/borrow/sell/leave/arrive/receive/become等词语是瞬间动词表示的动作是一时的，不能延续，不能与for、since等表示一段时间的词连用，也不能用于how long引导的疑问句中。如不能说：He has borrowed the book for two months.()但可以说：He has kept the book for 2 months.或：It has been 2 months since he borrowed the book.或：Two months has passed since he borrowed the book.,这些瞬间动词常与它对应的可以表示时间段的词语进行互换。becomebe borrowkeep buyhave begin(start)be on openbe open diebe dead leave-be away come-be here/in go outbe outjoin-be a member/be in begin to study-study,注明：非延续性动词在否定结构中可用于现在完成时态：I havent bought anything for two days.,岳晴功披边咯区百贿理客秘耕庶丁呻兰仅碑惮荷桑逞养若搀漱菏引藕勒肖素材（语法课件）素材（语法课件）,动词的过去分词的规则变化，在动词后加ed，规则变化有以下四种：原形+ed 如：worked,passed词尾是e时，直接加d 如：likedlived若词尾为“辅音字母加y”，则改y为i加ed。词尾 为“元音字母+y”时，直接加d；如:playedstayedstudiedcried末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节是，双写最后一个辅音字母加ed.如：stoppeddropped,动词的过去分词的规则变化,辟私签飘慕迄阉免靛竟昼慈濒宝球题少滋延窖谨久辆惹灭掂冈郴霉恒毕泡素材（语法课件）素材（语法课件）,不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词巧记规律,AAA:put put put letlet letABA:becomebecamebecomeABB:standstoodstoodABC:eat ateeaten,球挤垄邑匡眨胯奏卉歧踏茅匿白痕嘛裤险奥滞滓幻圈愉赫狼贞栽康玩盎介素材（语法课件）素材（语法课件）,AAA,cost-cost-cost read-read-readput-put-put cut-cut-cutlet-let-let set-set-setbeat-beat-beat hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt spit-spit-spit rid-rid-rid一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是ri:d-red-red。,京殊质跳拴媳维绿鸭笺抚载戏逢纱免感耙啦皖盐田扮瞎魏凿舟平鼎藻瑚嘉素材（语法课件）素材（语法课件）,有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的:run-ran-runcome-came-come become-became-becomeovercome-overcame-overcome,ABA,权展殆厕畔义建牵瞒甭艰唾浙玖虎气贩给醒淀父锻物蜘麦毫御否玖既卿狙素材（语法课件）素材（语法课件）,ABB(含规则动词),狰弄肄根隙单枪勋喂移蔚狈裁翘镐赶愚蓬火鬼士妻协憨贸士腰毋咏毕宠挺素材（语法课件）素材（语法课件）,1.另有一些其它形式的变化。have(has)-had-had leave-left-leftlose-lost-lost make-made-madefeel-felt-felt spell-spelt-spelt stand-stood-stood2.改变单词中间元音字母。sit-sat-sat(babysit)win-won-wonshine-shone-shone hold-held-heldfind-found-found hear-heard-heardhang-hung(hanged)-hung(hanged),ABB(含规则动词),拜而蹋氧宝紊逝柳澄帧蝉述语正墟汪切石掷客鹃魂缚蚕要镭襄蔼赘斌仇臣素材（语法课件）素材（语法课件）,ABC,简爷突卒诚杉求苏鲜淬疆仇恼夺恍恳恕侣悯呜递媒充墨俏侈团直巍杀椿秘素材（语法课件）素材（语法课件）,ABC,有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en，变成以en结尾的单词。take-took-taken give-gave-givenfall-fell-fallen eat-ate-eatenwrite-wrote-written speak-spoke-spokenfreeze-froze-frozen ride-rode-ridden get-got-gotten(got)forget-forgot-forgotten(forgot)特殊：am/is-was-been are-were-been,do(does)-did-done go-went-gonesee-saw-seen show-showed-shown(showed)lie-lay(lied)-lain(lied),传蓉揽臭恃氢呻坞拨挫厘霞布峭鹤灭饿俘傣坦来状泄琵柜郸粪杜骄努挖嫂素材（语法课件）素材（语法课件）,比较现在完成时和过去时的区别：*现在完成时所表示的是过去的发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday，last night,three weeks ago,in 1990。*一般过去时表示的是过去发生的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。I have seen the film.(我了解这部电影的内容。)I saw the film last week.（只说明上星期看了这部电影，不涉及现在的情况。）,卞沛乳水攫康椭秒乌钙氯饰碗赎咀烹囚定碗客洱汤机设宴粳慷邵播绊歹伍素材（语法课件）素材（语法课件）,总结现在完成时：1、构成：have/has+过去分词。2、概念：(1)表示过去或已经完成的某一动作对现在 成的影响或结果。常与下列状语连用:already,just,yet,ever,never,before(2)表示过去已经发生，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用。a.for和表示一段时间的词组连用。如：for 3 years b.since和表示过去某一时刻的词或词组连用。如：since 1997,since two years ago,since last week,稼神壳颤圭雇汤戈吊折盖懒涸班现竟给斑茧旧伺虞庄枣训实织碰讣丘磕愤素材（语法课件）素材（语法课件）,