《重点语法归纳》PPT课件.ppt

重点语法归纳,虚拟语气:条件式和命令式非谓语动词:不定式、动名词和分词 倒装句,虚拟语气,if 引导的虚拟条件句的用法如下：时间 if条件句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式现在 Were 行为动词一般过去时 Would(could,should,might)+动词原形)过去 过去完成时 Would(could,should,might)+现在完成式将来 were to+动词原形 Would(could,should,might)(should)+动词原形,虚拟语气,命令式虚拟语气可归纳如下 1）wish 后宾语从句的虚拟语气 William wishes now that he _ English instead of French when he was in high school.A.have studiedC.had studiedB.studiesD.studied答案是C。,Were 型虚拟,2）在 if only 感叹句中If only I _ what you wanted!A.knewC.had knownB.knowD.have known答案是C。,Were 型虚拟,3）在as if/as though 从句中She acts as if she _ the only person affected by the ruling.A.isC.would beB.wereD.will be答案是B。,Be 型虚拟,4）在 would rather(sooner)后的 that 从句中Id rather you _ those important documents with you.A.dont takeC.wont take B.didnt takeD.not take答案是B。,Be 型虚拟,5）在 suggest 等动词及其相应名词之后的 that 从句中 advise,agree,ask,command,decide,demand,desire,insist,maintain,move（提议）,order,propose,recommend,request,require,rule,suggest,urge,etc.,Be 型虚拟,The doctor suggested that your brother _ his right hand.A.avoid to useC.avoid usingB.has avoided usingD.avoided to use答案是C。,Be 型虚拟,常见的相应名词有：advice,command,agreement,decision,demand,desire,motion,proposal,recommendation,request,requirement,suggestion,idea,order,plan,policy,wish,etc.,Be 型虚拟,Our demand is that another experiment _.A.shall be madeC.must be madeB.will be madeD.be made 答案 D,Be 型虚拟,6）在It is/was+形容词后的 that 从句中 这类形容词有：important,advisable,appropriate,essential,necessary,strange,natural,ridiculous,possible,preferable,proper 等。,Be 型虚拟,Its advisable that the Sport Meets _ owing to the bad weather.A.must be put offB.be put off C.could be put offD.ought to put off,命令式虚拟语气,7）用在以 lest,for fear that 和 in case 所引导的目的状语从句中，这时谓语动词多用should 加动词原形构成。如：Take an umbrella with you in case it should rain.带上雨伞吧，以防下雨。,特殊的虚拟语气,在 Its(high,about)time 后的 that 从句中,谓语动词一般用过去式。“Isnt it about time you _ to do some work?”A.begin C.should beganB.have begun D.began答案是D。,其他情况的虚拟语气,1）公式化的句子中的虚拟语气：用动词原形（不和主语保持人称、时态和数的一致）或“may+动词原形”（经常倒装）构成的谓语来体现。如：,公式化的句子,God bless you!May you enjoy your holiday!Long live peace!Come what may,well go ahead with our plan.,其他情况的虚拟语气,2）错综时间非真实条件中的虚拟语气：If we had set out earlier,we wouldnt be walking in the rain.,其他情况的虚拟语气,3）在带有but for 引出的短语的句子中：We would have been in real trouble but for your help.,其他情况的虚拟语气,4）在带有but that从句的句子中:but that从句中用陈述语气，主句中用虚拟语气。But that you helped him,he would have failed.(=if you hadnt helped him),其他情况的虚拟语气,5）With或without 引出的短语有时表示和事实相反的情况，此时句子中的动词要用虚拟语气。We would never have got there without the guide.(=if we hadnt had the guide),其他情况的虚拟语气,6）在otherwise 或 or 引出的分句中，动词根据情况可用陈述语气或虚拟语气。如：,6）在otherwise 或 or 引出的分句中,Hurry up,otherwise/or you will be late.I used a computer,otherwise/or it would have taken me much longer to finish the work.(otherwise/or=if I hadnt used a computer),其他情况的虚拟语气,7）在假设情况由上下文或其他方式表现出来的句子中，如：He would have given you more help,but he has been so busy.He would have done better under more favorable conditions.,重点语法归纳,非谓语动词：不定式，动名词和分词,动词不定式,有些动词只能用不定式作宾语：afford,agree,ask,attempt,beg,begin,choose,claim,decide,demand,desire,expect,fail,fear,forget,hate,help,hesitate,intend,learn,like,love,manage,mean,offer,plan,prefer,refuse,remember,start,want,wish 等。,动名词,有些动词只能用动名词作宾语，如：admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,deny,enjoy,finish,keep,mind,postpone,practice,suggest,spend,quit,recall,resist 等。,动名词,常见的后接动名词作宾语的动词短语有：approve of,count on,depend on,give up,insist on,keep on,succeed in,think about,put off,persist in,rely on,cant help,be used to,better off,feel like,leave off,look forward to,object to,turn to,adapt to,see to,get to,respond to 等。,非谓语动词,有些动词既可以用不定式作宾语，也可用动名词作宾语，但表达的意义不同。如：remember to do remember doing stop to do stop doingforget to do forget doing,重点语法归纳,倒装句 1）否定意义的词位于句首引起的倒装，如：barely,hardly,scarcely,seldom,never,nowhere,little 等。,倒装句,Little did I think a year ago that I could work for your company.Never before has our country been so rapidly developing as it is today.,倒装句,2）否定意义的短语位于句首于引起的倒装at no time 从不，从来没有by no means 决不，决不是in no case 决不in no way 决不,倒装句,in vain徒劳no longer不再，已不no more不再，也不not even then甚至连也不not for a moment从不not until直到才on no account决不,倒装句,Under no circumstances shall we discontinue the work weve begun.In no way can theory be separated from practice.,倒装句,3）一些短语性连词引起的倒装not only but(also)不仅而且no sooner thanhardly(scarcely)when一就,倒装句,Hardly had he said anything before he left.Scarcely had she fallen asleep when a knock at the door awakened her.No sooner had Anne arrived there than he fell in.,倒装句,4）only+状语位于句首引起的倒装，如：Only then did the doctor realize that his patient needed money.Only when you adjust down your price to some extent can we conclude the business.,倒装句,5）so,nor,neither 引起的倒装，如：Richard can speak Japanese.So can his sister.He didnt say anything.Nor(Neither)did his assistant.,倒装句,7）强调性完全倒装：如 so,hence,nowhere,thus 等副词位于句首以示强调时。Here comes the bus.There goes the bell.Then follows the fashion show.,倒装句,7）句子成分前提引起的倒装为强调句子中的某一成分（如表语、宾语或状语等），常将该成分提前置于句首，造成倒装。如：The harder you work,the greater progress you will make.,倒装句,8）as引导的让步状语从句Try as I might,I couldn lift the stone.,倒装句,9）省略连词 if 的虚拟条件句中的倒装若虚拟条件句中含有were或had,should 等助动词或情态动词时，连词 if 可被省略。省略后，主句不变，if从句的主谓要颠倒，将 were 之类的词提至句首，形成倒装。,倒装句,Had they not been working so hard,they would not have achieved so much.,