《过去分词》PPT课件.ppt

,Grammar,The Past Participle,过去分词,过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当状语、定语、表语和宾语补足语等成分。,Past participle,若是及物动词（vt）则表示被动；动作已经完成（即先于谓语动词）若是不及物动词（vi）则只表示完成。如：a broken glass=a glass which has been broken a fallen leaf=a leaf which has fallen(down),一.形式与含义,二.过去分词的作用：Past participle can be used as adverbial,attribute,predicative&object complement.,1.过去分词做定语：,表示分词动作与所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系。单一的过去分词做定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前；过去分词短语做定语放在被修饰的名词之后，过去分词及过去分词短语做定语均可以转换为一个定语从句。,a broken heart,一颗破碎的心,the risen sun,已经升起的太阳,a lost dog,丧家之犬,people addicted to drugs,a school built for orphans,过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况:,单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义。,1）.前置定语,被动意义：,an honored guest,一位受尊敬的客人,(受伤的工人)are now being taken good care of in the hospital.,B.完成意义,a retired teacher,一位退休的教师,They are cleaning(落叶)in the yard.,The injured workers,the fallen leaves,2）.后置定语,过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。,This will be the best novel of its kind ever written.=,Who were the so-called guests invited(=)to your party last night?,that has ever been written,who had been invited,如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no+thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。例如：Is there anything unsolved?There is nothing changed here since I left this town.Nothing reported(in the newspaper)interested him.,注意:,破损的窗户很快就会被换掉。_will be replaced soon.=The window which was broken will be replaced soon.,昨天买的书确实不错。The books _are of high quality.=the books which were bought yesterday are of high quality.,The broken window,bought yesterday,过去分词及过去分词短语做定语均可以转换为一个含被动语态的定语从句。,完成下面句子：注意现分,过分,不定式 的区别,1._(污染的)air and water are harmful to peoples health.2.The problem _（讨论的）yesterday was very difficult to solve.3.The problem _(正在讨论的)now is very important.4.The problem _(将讨论的)is very important.,Polluted,discussed,being discussed,to be discussed,5.I know the young man sleeping on the bench.(在进行)=I know the young man who is sleeping on the bench.6.The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.(已完成)=The letter which was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.,Summary:不定时表示未发生或强调具体的动作。V-ing表示正在发生的动作。过去分词表示完成、被动的动作。,过去分词作定语时，所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生.The letter posted yesterday will soon reach him.They found a damaged car at the gate of the park.A letter posted today will reach him the day after tomorrow.今天发出的信后天就能收到。,过去分词短语有时亦可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。Some of them,born and brought up in country villages,had never seen a train.他们当中有一些人,生长在农村，从未见过火车。,A.first played B.to be first played C.first playing D.to be first playing,过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作已完成。现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。first played in 776B.C.=which was first played in 776 B.C.,1.The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C.did not include women players until 1912.,考点点拨,2.Whats the language _ in Germany?A.speaking B.spoken C.be spoken D.to speak 简析:该题应选B。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句 which is spoken。,3.Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited 简析:该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句who were invited。,4.The computer centre,_ last year,is very popular among the students in this school.A.open B.opening C.having opened D.opened,简析:该题应选D。测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后,可以用非限制性定语从句“which was opened last year”代替。,5.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.written,简析:该题应选D。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句which were written。,小试身手,Do you know the name of the play_ in the hall now?A.to be put on B.being put on C.put on D.putting on,C,B,A,A,4.Please dont forget him.He is one of _.A.those invited B.invited those C.those inviting D.inviting those,3.I borrowed a book _ by Mark Twain from the library last week.I like it very much.A.written B.writing C.was written D.to write,1.Did you attend the meeting _yesterday?A.to be held B.having been held C.held D.being held,2.过去分词做状语,1).过去分词与现在分词作状语的异同 过去分词表完成、被动,与主句主语之间是被动关系;现在分词表进行、主动,与主句主语之间是主动关系。如果一个被动的动作发生在谓语动词之前,则可使用现在分词的完成被动式或过去分词。,2).过去分词作时间状语,1.When it is heated,ice will be changed into water.When heated,ice will be changed into water.,2.When it is seen under a microscope,a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed.,a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape.,Seen under a microscope,3).过去分词作原因状语,1.Since/As she was given advice by the famous detective,the young lady was no longer afraid.Given advice by the famous detective,the young lady was no longer afraid.,2.Because it was done in a hurry,his homework was full of mistakes._,his homework was full of mistakes.,Done in a hurry,4)过去分词作条件状语,If they had been given more attention,the cabbages could have grown better._,the cabbages could have grown better.,Given more attention,2.If I am compared with you,we still have a long way to go._,we still have a long way to go.,Compared with you,5).作方式或伴随情况状语,The hunter left his house,followed by his dog.The hunter left his house,and he was followed by his dog.,2.She sat by the window,lost in thought.She sat by the window,and she was lost in thought.,1)过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语和让步状语等。2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词的逻辑主语与句子主语有动宾关系。,Summary,过去分词作状语:,过去分词有两大特点：1.表示被动的动作；2.表示已经完成的动作。因此,当过去分词作状语的时候一定要记清楚过去分词与主语的关系是被动,例如:,Rewrite with proper conjunctions,1.United we stand,divided we fail.If we are united,we will stand,but if we are divided,we will fail.,Example:,2.Asked what had happened,he told us about it.When he was asked what had happened,he told us about it.3.Well known for his expert advice,he received many invitations to give lectures.Because he was well known for his expert advice,he received many invitations to give lectures.,4.Given more time,we would be able to do the work much better.If we were given more time,we would be able to do the work much better.5.Once translated into Chinese,the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.Once it was translated into Chinese,the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.,6.Deeply interested in medicine,she decided to become a doctor.Because she was deeply interested in medicine,she decided to become a doctor.7.Left alone at home,Sam did not feel afraid at all.Although he was left alone at home，Sam did not feel afraid at all.,用过去分词作状语来改写句子。,As I was worried about the journey,I was unsettled for the first few days._,I was unsettled for the first few days.,Worried about the journey,2.If he is given time,hell make a first-class tennis player._,hell make a first-class tennis player.3)As I was confused by the new surroundings,I was hit by the lack of fresh air._,I was hit by the lack of fresh air.,Given time,Confused by the new surroundings,4)When he was questioned by the police about the fire,he became tense._ _,he became tense.,Questioned by the police about the fire,1.Following the old man,we went upstairs.we followed(跟着那个老人,我们上去了)2.Followed by the old man,we went upstairs.(we were)(被那个老人跟着,我们上去了),Compare,3.从上面看,体育场好像一个鸟巢。_ from the top,the stadium looks like a bird nest.A.Seeing B.Seen4.从太空看,宇航员看不到长城。_ from the space,the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall.A.Seeing B.Seen,6.When _ if she would request a rise,the actress said that money was not important.A.asked B.asking C.having asked D.being asked,7.Yesterday I saw in the newspaper a teaching post _ at a school close to my home and I wanted to apply for it.A.advertises B.advertising C.advertised D.to advertise,Difference between the Present Participle and the Past Participle_for a long time,the book looks old.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧._ the book,I find it useful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用._ at her,he jumped with joy._at by her,he jumped with joy.,Used,Using,Looking,Looked,注意：分词在句子中作状语时，选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，就选用现在分词，如果是被动关系就用过去分词。,另外,当分词作状语时,如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一致时,需要用独立主格结构或 with 复合结构来替代。(此时,也可把该分词看成介词的宾语补足语。),例:The murderer was brought in,with his hands _ behind his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied 简析:很显然,待选部分的逻辑主语是 his hands,而不是句子的主语 The murderer,而 his hands 对于动词 tie来说,只能是被动承受。因此,该题应选D。,表示时间The meeting being over,all of us went home.开完会后我们都回家了。Her work done,she sat down for a cup of tea.她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。表示条件The condition being favourable,he may succeed.若条件有利，他或许能成功。Weather permitting(=If weather permits),they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。,There being nothing else to do,we went home.没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。表示原因There being no taxis,we had to walk.没有出租车，我们只好步行。It being a holiday,all the shops were shut.由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。作伴随状语He was lying on the grass,his hands crossed under his head(=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。,1.I like reading the novels _(write)by Zhang Ailing.2.The girl _(write)a letter in the study is my cousin.3.There is something wrong with my car and I have to get it _(repair).,written,writing,repaired,Filling in the blanks.,4.I want the doors of my new house _(paint)white.5.There was a _(surprise)look on his face.6.He was _(excite)at the good news.7.The story was so _(move)that he was _(move)to tears.,painted,surprised,excited,moving,moved,3.过去分词作表语：过去分词做表语，表示主语的状态，且该状态通常是由外界因素引起的。这时过去分词可以被看作一个形容词，是形容词化的过去分词，所以多半可以在其前加very。例如：,我对郭敬明写的小说很感兴趣。当他听到他在比赛中赢得第一名时很兴奋。He became _ when he heard he had won the first place in the competition.,Im interested in reading novels written by GuoJingming,excited,过去分词作表语时要注意：1.及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是被动关系，表示主语的状态，既表示被动，又表示完成。(1)The cup is broken.茶杯破了。2.不及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是主动关系，表示主语的状态，只表示动作的完成。(2)He is retired.他已退休。3.有些过去分词作表语时，构成的谓语很接近被动结构。(3)The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains.这座城市三面环山。,【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示动作。The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。（是被动语态，表示动作）The cup is broken.(表示杯子破了的状态。)(3)The library is now closed.图书馆关门了。（过去分词作表语）,The window is broken.窗户碎了。Dont get so excited.别这么激动。,常见作表语的过去分词有：disappointed,drunk,amused,frightened,married,excited,experienced,interested,confused,pleased,puzzled,satisfied,tired,worried等。,Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.A.pay B.paying C.paid D.to pay,C,该题考查分词作表语的用法。“to pay sb.by the hour”计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：get burnt,get hurt,get wounded.,1._ in the traffic accident _ taken to hospital.A.An injured,was B.The injured,hasC.The injuring,were D.The injured,were,2.The _ look on the girls face suggested that she _ such bad news.A.surprising,would expect B.surprised,should expect C.surprising,shouldnt have been expected D.surprised,hadnt expected,2.As soon as he entered the city,he _.A.was losing B.got losing C.grew lost D.got lost,C,D,C,3.What he has done is really _.Now his parents are _ him.A.disappointing;disappointed at B.disappointing;disappointed about C.disappointing;disappointed with D.disappointed;disappointing by,1.The rooms are _,so you cant move in.A.painted B.painting C.being painted D.to be painted,4.过去分词作宾语补足语（一）能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类：1.表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see,watch,observe,look at,hear,listen to,feel,notice,think等。(1)I heard the song sung in English.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。（过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard；）(2)He found his hometown greatly changed.他发现他的家乡变化很大。（过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作found）,2.表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have,make,get,keep,leave等。(1)Ill have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要理发。(2)He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.他昨天把牙拔了。(3)Dont leave those things undone.要把那些事情做完。【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。,（二）使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。1.过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。(1)He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了。（被别人偷去了）2.过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。如：(2)He had his leg broken.他的腿断了。（自己的经历）,5.“with 宾语过去分词”结构“with 宾语过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词 with的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如：(1)The murderer was brought in,with his hands tied behind his back.凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。（表方式）(2)With water heated,we can see the steam.水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。（表条件）(3)With the matter settled,we all went home.事情得到解决，我们都回家了。（表原因）(4)She stood in front of him,with her eyes fixed on his face.她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他。(5)He stood for an instant with his hand still raised.他仍然举着手站了一会儿。,1你认识那个穿着红衣服的妇女吗？2舒服地坐在椅子上，他在沉思。3对于昨天发生的事故，我很震惊。4给予更多的关心的话，这些树会长得更好。5他作了自我介绍，以便使自己被大家认识。,1.Do you know the woman dressed in red?2.He sat on the chair comfortably,lost in thought.3.I am amazed at the accident happened yesterday.4.Given more care,these tress will grow even better.5.He introduced himself so as to make himself known to all of us.,6昨天，我把衣服让人洗了。7上周一，我看到你兄弟被一个陌生人打了。8将书合上背诵这篇课文。9我提高了声音以便使自己被听见。10如果被问及，你不要说我在家里。,6.I had my clothes washed yesterday.7.I saw your brother beaten by a stranger last Monday.8.I recited this text with my text closed.9.I raised my voice so as to make myself heard.10.If asked about me,you dont say I am in/at home.,11你参加了昨天举行的会议吗？12从日本引进的这些种子已经坏了。13我想把这封信寄出去。14女工人将头发扎在后面来上班。15我们没有足够的食物吃的日子一去部复返了。,11.Did you attend the meeting held yesterday?12.These seeds brought in from Japan got bad.13.I would like to have this letter posted.14.The woman came to work with her hair tired behind.15.The days are gone when we didnt have enough food to eat.,16我们必须适应改变了的形式。17用所给的动词写出两个句子。18他们在看足球比赛，兴奋而又满意。19他说爬山很累。但是我一点也不累。20即使在森林里迷路了，他也不担心。,16.We must adapt to the changed form.17.Write two sentences with the given verbs.18.They were watching football match,excited and satisfied.19.He said that climbing was quite tiring but I was not tired at all.20.Even lost in the forest,he was not worried about it at all.,过去分词的固定结构:compared with to;lost in thought,连词加分词作状语：连词when和while 后可接现在分词,而when,once,if,though,although,even if though,unless,than,as 等可接过去分词.Eg:1)When while crossing the road,you should be careful.2)When heated,water can change into steam.3)Once printed,the book is very popular.4)Even if invited,I wont attend the party.,单项选择：1.You can make yourself _in English pretty well if you keep on speaking the language.understand B.understanding C.to understand D.understood2.-There is a hole in your bag.-I know.Im going to have it _.mend B.mending C.mended D.to be mended,D,C,Practice(20m),3.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?-The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.to solving;making B.to solving;made C.to solve;making D.to solve;made,4.English is a language _ all around the world and is the _ language of most international organizations.to speak,working B.spoken,working C.speaking,worked D.spoken,worked,B,B,5.A:Who are those people with the banner?B:A group _ itself the League for Peace.A.calling B.calls C.called D.is called6.There was a terrible noise_ a sudden burst of light.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed,A,B,7.How to feed a _ population is a problem that is _ many people.growing,troubling B.grown,troubled C.growing,troubled D.grown,troubling8.He found a magazine _ with the owners name_ on the desk with the back cover _ off.marking,lying,torn B.marked,lying,tornC.marked,laid,tearing D.marking,laying,tearing,A,B,高考链接：,Sarah,hurry up.Im afraid you wont have time to _ before the party.(NMET2004)get changed B.get change C.get changing D.get to change2.The disc digitally _ in the studio,sounded fantastic at the party that night.(2004 上海）recorded B.recording C.to be recorded D.having recorded,A,A,3.Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company,_ as 3M.(2004 浙江)knowing B.known C.being known D.to be known,4.You shou