《语法专项训练》PPT课件.ppt
语法专项训练(八)非谓语动词,高考体验,模拟演练,非谓语动词,语法专项训练(八),非谓语动词,考点一不定式作状语不定式作状语时相当于一个状语从句,不定式作状语时往往用来作目的状语、结果状语或原因状语。1不定式用来作目的状语:作目的状语时,不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语,这里往往译作“为了,想要”。(2009年高考辽宁卷)To be a winner,you need to give all you have and try your best.要想成为赢家,你要付出所有并竭尽全力。,(2010年高考江西卷)There were many talented actors out there just waiting to be discovered.外面有很多有天赋的演员,就是为了等着被别人发现。2不定式用于so.as to.,such.as to,enough to,too.to,only to等结构中作结果状语。Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle?你能不能行行好,借给我你的自行车?He is such a fool as to think that his strange behaviour can inflect others.,他如此愚蠢以至于认为他奇怪的行为会影响他人。He hurried to the booking office only to have been told all the tickets had been sold out.他匆忙去了售票处,结果被告诉所有的票已经卖完了。【温馨提示】“onlyto do”表示出乎意料的结果,tell和主语He 之间存在动宾关系,因而应用不定式的被动结构。而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。His parents died,leaving him an orphan.他的父母去世了,使他成为孤儿。,考点二过去分词作状语1过去分词作状语和现在分词作状语一样,修饰主句的谓语动词,意义上相当于状语从句,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随状况等。(2009年高考江西卷)Given the right kind of training,these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.如果得到正确的训练,这些少年足球选手有朝一日可能成为国际明星。Given more attention,the trees could have grown better.倘若给予更多的关注,这些树会生长得更好。,(2009年高考重庆卷)Michaels new house is like a huge palace,compared with his old one.和旧房子相比,Michael的新房子就像一座巨大的宫殿。2某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化,且往往用于一些系表结构中。此时这些过去分词既不表示被动,也不表示完成,而表示一种状态,这样的词有:lost(迷路),seated(坐),hidden(躲),lost/absorbed in(沉溺于),dressed in(穿着),tired of(感到厌倦)等,不管它们作什么成分都不用其-ing形式。,Lost in the mountains for a week,we were finally saved by the local police.在大山里迷失了一个星期,我们最终被当地警察所救。Absorbed in his book,he didnt notice me enter the room.专心读书,他没注意到我进入房间。,考点三现在分词作状语1动词的-ing短语作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作,它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动词的-ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。Being ill,he couldnt go to school.因为生病,他不能去上学。(原因)My car was caught in a traffic jam,thus causing the delay.我的车被交通拥挤堵住,所以延误了。(结果),As the light turned green,I stood for a moment,not moving,and asked myself what I was going to do.(伴随)当交通路灯变绿灯时,我站了一会儿,一动不动,自问要做什么事。2现在分词有:一般式、被动式、完成式和完成被动式四种形式,每一种形式的否定式都是直接在前面加not构成。一般式(doing)表示主动的一般性的动作或者正在进行的动作;被动式(being done)表示正在进行的被动的动作;完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的主动的动作;完成被动式(having being done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动的动作。,Not having received a reply,he decided to write again.没有得到答复,他决定再写信去。The old man,having worked abroad for twenty years,came back to his motherland.(work与句子的主语The old man之间存在主谓关系,而且work这一动作发生在谓语动作之前)在国外工作了二十年,这位老人回到了祖国。Having been scolded many times,he determined to study hard to catch up with others.多次被批评之后,他决定努力学习赶上他人。,3有一些固定结构,如:generally speaking,taking everything into consideration,judging from/by等,无论主语是什么都用这种形式作状语。Taking everything into consideration,the result is better than expected.把一切因素考虑进去,结果比预料的要好。Judging from what he said,he must be an honest man.从他说的话来判断,他一定是一位诚实的人。,4现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别:如果是意义上的主谓关系,一般用动词-ing形式;如果是意义上的动宾关系,则一般用过去分词。Seen from the top of the hill,the park looks even more beautiful.从山顶上看,这个公园显得更加美丽。(see与主语the park之间存在动宾关系)Seeing from the top of the hill,we find the park even more beautiful.从山顶上看,我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。(see与主语we之间存在主谓关系),考点四非谓语动词作定语1现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,表示该动作的主动和进行。There are two roads before us,one leading to the beach,the other to the park.在我们面前有两条路,一条通向沙滩,另一条通向公园。2过去分词(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系,表示该动作的被动或完成。,(2010年高考北京卷)Im calling to enquire about the position advertised in yesterdays China Daily.我打电话来是想询问一下有关昨天在中国日报上刊登的招聘职位的情况。,考点五非谓语动词作宾补1过去分词作宾语补足语:过去分词作宾语补足语时,句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语,该动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。Ill have my house painted tomorrow.明天我会让人把我的房子粉刷一下。(被动)When I opened the door,I found the ground covered by fallen leaves.当我打开门时,我发现地面被落叶所覆盖。,2现在分词作宾语补足语:现在分词作宾语补足语时,句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语,该动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系。现在分词作宾语补足语强调正在进行的主动动作,即动作过程的一个部分。可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see,watch,hear,observe,feel,have,keep等。When I caught him cheating me,I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.当我发现他在欺骗我时,我停止了在那儿购物,去了另一家商店(购物)。,考点六独立主格结构独立主格结构,就是分词有其自己的独立主语,可以不与句子的主语保持一致。独立主格结构没有主语和谓语,所以在语法上不是句子。此结构在句子中起原因、方式、时间、条件、伴随状语的作用。独立主格结构应与句子的主体部分分隔开来。其功能和用法见下表:,高考体验,模拟演练,本部分内容讲解结束,点此进入课件目录,按ESC键退出全屏播放,谢谢使用,