《词类的转换》PPT课件.ppt

第三节 词类的转译一、转译为动词（一）名词转译为动词例如：have a rest,go for a walk,have a talk,give a resemblance to（相似）,catch a look等习语译成汉语时都把主体名词译为动词。,A)一些习语中的主体名词可以转换为动词1.As the man leaned over,the driver caught his first good look at the small cat-like face.2.We wouldnt have any idea when the boy was born.,那个人弯下腰来，司机才第一次看清那张小小的猫儿脸。,我们不可能知道这孩子是什么时候出生的。,3.I will not only forgive your infidelity to me but will do you all the service I can.4.I wasnt sleepy,and I hadnt the faintest desire either to dance or to stuff myself.,我不但原谅你对我的不忠实，还要尽力为你效劳。,我不困。我一点儿也不想跳舞或者去填肚皮。,习语中的主体名词还有以下结构：1.verb+objective+premake a claim to give no evidence of keep watch over pay attention to have an effect on take warning from put on an imitation of,要求、主张,不足以说明,密切注视,注意,影响,从中引以为戒,模仿,2.pre+objective+prein answer to by means of with a view of for lack of in accordance with on account of in proportion to,响应,凭借,考虑到,缺乏,依照，依据,基于的原因,与成比例,B)由动词派生出来的名词可转译成动词1.Some of my colleagues present will warrant the truth of my words and the persistence of my opinion.2.The government called for the establishment of more technical schools.,在座的同事将证明我的话是正确的，而且我一直是坚持自己的观点的。,政府号召建立更多的技术学校。,3.There has been a tremendous expansion of nurseries and kindergartens in both towns and villages.4.The new situation requires the formation of a new strategy.,城市和农村的托儿所和幼儿园都在大量发展。,新形势要求制定新战略。,C)含有动作意味的名词可转译成动词1.No wonder the sight of it should send the memories of quite a number of the old generation back 36 years ago.2.Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources.,难怪看到这一切（这种情景）很多老一辈人就回忆起36年前的往事。,越南战争不断地消耗美国的资源。,3.In fact,the abuse of drugs has become one of Americas most serious social problems.4.“The Navys my favorite”,he said to Victor Henry.,事实上，滥用毒品已经成为美国最严重的社会问题之一。,“我偏爱海军”，他对维克多.亨利说。,D)由动词+er构成的名词可转译成动词1.His father is a non-smoker,but he is a chain-smoker.2.I am an amateur actor.He is a better player than I.,他父亲根本不抽烟，他抽起烟来却一根接一根。,我是个业余演员，他演得比我好。,3.The old hunter is a good skier.4 There were various possible players for the role.,这位老猎人滑雪滑得很好。,可能扮演这种角色的有好几个人。,（二）介词转译成动词，如介词for就有各种译文1.He went to the shop for a bottle of wine.2.At noon,she came home for lunch.,他去小店买一瓶酒。,中午，她回家吃午饭。,3.He came to my home for help.4.The European Community is the best instrument for this purpose.,他来到我家，请求帮助。,欧共体是服务于（实现）这一目的的最好结构（途径、工具）。,另外，介词with,in,by,across等都可转译为动词。例如：5.He came to me with a luggage.6.Up the street they went,past stores,across a broad square,and the entered a huge building.,他拿着（扛着）行李向我走来。,他们沿着大街走去，经过一家家店铺，穿过一个宽阔的广场，然后走进一幢大楼。,7.The president took the foreign guest about the campus.8.He decided to let John into the secret.,校长带着外宾们参观校园。,他决定让约翰接触（介入）这一秘密。,（三）形容词可以转译成动词1.It was a very informative meeting.2.The manager is grateful to the customers for their valuable suggestions.,会上透漏了很多信息。,经理感谢顾客们提出的宝贵意见。,3.Animals become indifferent to their young as soon as their young can look after themselves.4.“Be merciful:take the money,and bid me tear the bond.”,动物，一旦它们的后代能够自己照料自己，它们就不管了。,“还是发发慈悲，接过钱来，让我撕掉这张借约吧。”,（四）连词可转换成动词1.Eight and seven is fifteen.2.They will return in 60 days or two months.,8加7等于15。,他们60天后，也就是2个月后回来。,3.Winter is the fourth and last season in a year.4.The distance is four kilometers or 2.4856 miles.,冬季是一年中第四个也是最后一个季节。,距离是4公里，折合（即）2.4856英里。,（五）副词可转换成动词1.Our holiday is three weeks away.2.When will your mother be back?,离我们的假期还有3个星期。,你妈妈什么时候回来？,3.Mr.Nixon had said repeatedly that the American war in Indochina would soon be over.4.The boy told me that his father was out.,尼克松先生屡次声言，美国在印度支那的战争即将结束。,那个男孩告诉我他的父亲出去了。,二、转译为名词（一）动词转译成名词名词派生的动词1.These chemical engineers dont guarantee anything.,这些化学工程师不做任何保证。,2.The exciseman,pulling his pipe from his mouth,said he thought the gentleman looked and talked a little wildly.3.You grossly misunderstand Lacy.,税务官从嘴里拔出烟斗，说他也觉得那位先生的神情和言谈有些不可思议。,你对兰茜也有很明显的误解。,4.Again,the extreme piety of such an act of obedience worked very forcibly,as she had a very deep sense of religion.,同时，她笃信宗教，教义上关于绝对服从的道理对她也有巨大的影响。,英语中大量使用被动语态，翻译成汉语时，原被动句中的谓语动词可根据需要转译成汉语的名词，与“受到”、“遭到”等受动词连用。,5.He began to be moved by some spirit or other,probably that of curiosity.6.Several buildings around the square were smashed or damaged.,他受到某种神灵（大概是好奇心）的感召。,广场附近的几幢建筑物都炸成了瓦砾，或是遭受了毁坏。,7.Then our weddings feast shall be honored by your marriage8.Two super go players from Japan were defeated one after another.,你们这么一结婚，就给我们的婚宴更增添光彩了。,两位日本围棋高手接连受挫。,（二）形容词转译为名词有些英语的形容词前加定冠词，这些形容词的功能就相当于名词，译时将其转译为名词。还有一些形容词充当表语时，为了行文方便，转译为汉语的名词。,1.By the poor here,I mean that large and venerable body which in English we call the Mob.2.His estimate of Hitler,Victor Henry thought,was cold-blooded and honest.,所谓穷人，在英语中通称做群氓，这里指的是那个人数众多而且可敬的集合体。,维克多.亨利认为他对希特勒的估计是客观的，并且是真心话。,3.The car is due for a new name before American introduction.4.This problem is not more important than that one.5.Hospitals are getting more efficient these days.,这种汽车在向美国出口之前有待起一个新名字。,这个问题的重要性不亚于那个问题。？这个问题不比那个重要。,近日来，医院的效率越来越高了。,This problem is not more important than that one.This problem is no more important than that one.,这个问题不比那个重要。,这个问题和那个问题都不重要。这个问题和那个问题一样不重要。,（三）副词转译成名词1.The paper said editorially that China has successfully survived a worldwide financial crisis.2.Originally Ingrid Bergman was from Sweden.,该报的社论说，中国成功地承受住了一场波及全球的金融危机。,英格丽.褒曼的原籍是瑞典。,3.He was obviously brilliant.4.He is strong physically,but weak mentally.,他名声显赫。,他体力很强，可智力很弱。,三、转译为形容词（一）副词转译为形容词1.He was deeply impressed by what they did in the critical moment.,他们在关键时刻的行为给他留下了深刻的印象。,2.The exciseman,pulling his pipe from his mouth,said he thought the gentleman looked and talked a little wildly.,税务官从嘴里拔出烟斗，说他也觉得那位先生的神情和言谈有些不可思议。,3.She stupidly answered such a question.4.The English language had changed subtly and pervasively.,她真笨，竟然回答了这样一个问题。,英语的变化很敏感，很普遍。,（二）名词转译为形容词A）形容词派生出的名词可转译成形容词1.The puppet-show was performed with great regularity and decency.2.If he should die,what a concern it would be to his parents!,木偶戏的演出井然有序，也很规矩。,万一他真的死了，他爹妈该多么难过呀！,3.Now their happiness was complete.4.These people battled almost the whole world to a standstill.,现在他们真是快乐到了极点。,这些人几乎把整个世界打得筋疲力尽。,B）冠词+名词充当表语1.A newly-elected Senator is a power,I know that.2.Can I be such a villain?,一个新当选的参议员的确是威风十足，那我是知道的。,难道我能这样伤天害理吗？,3.“Why!”she cried,“good country people are the salt of the earth!”4.The young man behaved himself extremely well and is,I believe,a much better gentleman than the ensign who abused him.,“哪里！”她叫起来：“善良的乡下人最可贵！”,这位年轻人举止十分端正，我相信从人品来说要比侮辱他的那个旗手高贵多了。,5.Oh,she is all gentleness,kindness,goodness!,她真是最温柔，最体贴，最善良了！,四、转译成副词（一）名词转译成副词1.They were sitting on a bank resting the knee and talking of the universe.2.Our hero received the enemys attack with the most undaunted intrepidity.,他们在斜坡上坐着，一面让膝头休息，一面海阔天空地谈着。,我们的主人公面对敌人的攻势，一往无前，毫不畏缩。,3.Bassanio and Gratiano,the instant they were married,set out in great haste for Venice.4.Mr.Allworthy with great cheerfulness told her that he had much good news to communicate.,巴萨尼奥跟葛莱西安诺刚行完婚礼，马上匆匆忙忙地动身前往威尼斯。,奥尔华绥先生兴高采烈地说，他带来了非常好的消息。,5.Jones,on the contrary,whose character was on the outside of generosity and may perhaps not very unjustly have been suspected of extravagance.,琼斯为人则极端慷慨，说他挥金如土也不为过。,（二）形容词转译为副词1.His avid history study had taught him that politicians were the leaders,military men only the mechanics,of war.2.About all these sticky questions,Roon writes with calm frankness.,他贪婪地学到的历史知识，使他了解在战争中政治家是领导者，军人仅仅是工匠。,对于所有这些棘手的问题，冯.隆都心平气和地、坦率地写了出来。,3.The banker cleared his throat,attempted an expression of gratitude for the interview on German,made a flustered apology,and shifted to English.4 Please give an accurate translation of the sentence.,银行家干咳了一声，先试用德文说了几句对这次会见表示感谢的话，然后急急忙忙表示了歉意，转用英文讲话。,请把这句话确切地翻译出来。,