《词的翻译详解》PPT课件.ppt

,科技英语词汇的翻译,If you do not leave me,I will by your side until the life end.1：如果你不离开我，我们会死在一起。(中学水平)2：如果不滚开，我就和你同归于尽。(四级水平)3：你若不离不弃，我必生死相依。(六级水平)4：问世间情为何物？直教人生死相许。(八级水平)5：山无棱，天地合，乃敢与君绝。(专家水平)6：你在或不在，爱就在那里，不增不减。(活佛水平),大雨大笑大风大号大街大姐 大城市大手术大团圆大雾,heavy raina hearty laughterstrong windlarge sizemain streetelder sistera big citymajor operationhappy reunionthick fog,词义的选择,一名之立，旬月踟蹰吟安一个词，拧断数根须,1.根据词类选择词义 主要是针对一些兼类词，这些词在句中承担的成分不同，其词性不同，词义也会不同。The earth rounds the sun。地球绕太阳旋转。（动词）In each round of operation the particle picks up energy from the oscillating electric field.粒子每运转一周都从振荡电场获取新的能量。（名词)Her waist measures forty inches round.她腰围40英寸。（副词）,6 is the round figure of 5.65。6是5.65的整数。（形容词）12.846 can be rounded to 12.85,then to 12.9,then to 13.12.846可以四舍五入到12.85,然后再舍入到12.9，再舍入到13。（动词）The spindle rotates simultaneously round two axes at right angles to each other.锭子同时绕两个互相垂直的轴旋转。（介词）,2.根据事理和语言环境灵活选择词义,The heart of a typical man delivers about 18 quarts of blood per minute.健康人的心脏每分钟的输血量约为18夸脱。While we are tapping new sources of energy the developed countries must not continue to use up the old energy sources wastefully.在开发新能源的同时，发达国家不能继续滥用现有的能源了。,Given a square whose area is 400 square feet,how large must its side be?已知正方形的面积是400平方英尺，其边长是多少？Such being the case,damages to the rocket motor case will result.在这种情况下，可能会损伤火箭发动机机体。He walks when he might take a taxi.虽然他可坐出租车，却还是步行。,The volcano has not been active for thousands of years.It is inactive.这座火山有几千年没有爆发了，它是座死火山。Antibiotics are used to fight infections caused by bacteria.抗菌素可用于防治细菌引起的感染。,3.根据学科和专业选择词义,近代科学技术各学科、各专业相互渗透、相互影响、相互联系，这就产生了词义变通和交叉使用现象。The third power of 2 is 8.2的三次方是8。By power we mean the rate of doing work.所谓功率，指的是作功的速率。Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。,Aluminium has a combining power of three.铝的化合价是三。The new kinescope has a resolving power of 800 lines 这种新型显像管的分辨率为800行。The president has the power to veto bills.总统有权否决议案。,apron,船头护船木 1）机械行业停机坪 2）造船业C)护床 3）建筑业D)（炮的）口罩，伪装天幕 4）地质E)（皮带）运输机 5）运输业F)冰川前的砂砾层 6）航空业G）护墙，挡板 7）军事,4.根据词的搭配选择词义,词与词之间不同的组合、不同的搭配应有不同的译法，应译成符合汉语习惯的搭配。,a deep well a deep voice a deep red deep in study a deep mysterya deep thinker deep outrage,深井低沉的嗓音鲜红色专心学习 难以理解的奥妙知识渊博的思想家强烈的愤怒,low,Low damping A 下半轴瓦Low brake B 弱阻尼Low limit C下限Low shot D 低强度电流Low current E 仰视拍摄Low order F低音调键Low access G慢速存取Low key H 低位Low brass I 低速制动器,5.根据名词的单复数选择词义,Many developments in todays science and technology are often involved with the development of new branches of mathematics.当代科学技术的许多成就都与新数学分支的创立有关。,The amount of work is equal to the product of the force by the distance.功的大小等于力和距离的乘积。The works were thought to be impregnable.那个防御工事曾被认为是坚不可摧的。,6.近义词和替代词的选择,近义词的统一选义 对一句话或一段文字中几个字形不同、但含义相近、说明同一概念或事物的词选择统一的词义。Thus,in the binary scale,2 is expressed as 010,3 is given as 011,4 is represented as 100.因此，在二进制里，2用010表示，3用011表示，4用100表示。,替代词的统一选义 一段文字或一句话中几个字形不同、含义也不同、但都说明同一概念的词，要选择统一的词义。In case the spare fuse has been expended,use a commercially available equivalent.如果备用保险丝已经用完，也可以使用市售保险丝。,翻译误区：科技英语翻译的难点是专业术语的翻 译，有一些词汇看起来很简单，但是在科技文章中则产生了其他的含义。,This substance we call water,and comes next only to oxygen.这种物质我们称之为水，其重要性仅次于氧。Fresh air and exercise develop healthy bodies.新鲜空气和运动有益于健康。We must develop our good points and overcome our shortcomings.我们必须发扬优点和克服缺点。A proper exposure to the light is needed to develop a good picture.要洗出好照片，适当的曝光是必要的。,词义的引申,1.技术性引申 使译文中涉及科学技术概念的词语符合技术语言规范。After the spring has been closed to its solid height,the comprehensive force is removed.弹簧被压缩到接近并紧高度之后，就没有压力了。,The adjustment screw has stops at both sides.调整螺钉的两端设有定位块。If the image enters from a TV camera，it can be modified.如果从电视摄像机中输入图像,2.修辞性引申Hand picks have been replaced by pneumatic picks and electric drills.手镐已被风镐和电钻取而代之。Computers come in a wide variety of sizes and capabilities.计算机大小不一，能力各异。,3.具体化引申The data types of arrays and records are native to many programming languages.数组和记录在大多数高级语言中都作为固有数据类型。Many health-conscious women increase their risk by rejecting red meat,which contains the most easily absorbed form of iron.许多保健意识太强的女性会由于她们拒绝食用牛肉或羊肉而增加其（缺铁）的风险，因为这些肉中所含的铁质最易被吸收。,4.抽象化引申Chemical control will do most of things in pest control.化学防治能在病虫害防治中起主要作用。The facts have been set down in black and white.这些事实已经清清楚楚地记录下来了。At present coal is the most common food of a steam plant.目前，煤是火电厂最常用的能源。,忌机械对应他的游泳水平特高。His swimming level is extremely high.He swims like a fish.这里住房紧张。There is housing tension here.There is housing shortage here.,走出房间walkoutoftheroom小偷走出房间小姐走出房间小孩走出房间老人走出房间slipoutofthe roomsailoutoftheroomdanceoutoftheroomstaggeroutoftheroom,忌搭配不协调强硬政策Strong policyTough policy价格便宜Cheap price Low price人口众多Much population Large population忌中式英语、欧式汉语,建议,1.勤查字典字典不离手，冷汗不离身 鲁迅词典之于我，犹如空气和水一样，不可须臾或离 王宗炎2.善查字典对于我们中青年译者来说，重要的是勤查，其中自然也包含善查的意思 陆谷孙3.语体不同，选词不同,手术不一定成功，能否保住他的生命没有把握。The operation may not succeed,so we are not quite sure whether he lives or dies.The operation may not succeed;its a gamble whether he lives or dies.调查是几个月之前开始的。The investigation was started several months ago.The investigation was triggered several months ago.房间里挤满了人。The room is crowded with people.The room is flooded with people.,字斟句酌，惜墨如金不落俗套，独具匠心,