《词义的翻译》PPT课件.ppt

第四章 词义的翻译,How to understand?,word meaning in context-No context,no text:维特根斯坦（1953:31）：The meaning of a word is its use in a language.Hymes（1972：xix）points out,“The key to understanding language in context is to start not with language,but with context.”Each word when used in a new context is a new word.(J.R.Firth),一、理解中的选义,run,run a fever 发烧run a sword through sb.用刀刺死某人run a thread through an eyelet 把线穿过小孔,run ones head into a wallThe idea runs in his mind.The street runs north.The news runs rapidly in the town.The machine runs well.The river runs east.,head,He was badly wounded in the head.他头部受重伤。You should use your head a bit.你该用一下自己的头脑。,He has a good head for mathematics.The dinner cost us five dollars a head.Prick with the head of a needle.He was standing at the head of the staircase.The head of his bed was piled with books.Present at the meeting were the heads of government of the four countries.Go and ask the head of our department.Heads or tails?,Last,He is the last man to come.He is the last man to do it.He is the last person for such a job.,上,上班 to go to work;to be on duty上场 to appear on the stage/court,上吊上冻上光上火上课上口上门上演上阵上菜我来给门上漆。这一盘你上。,头,这娃娃头真大。The baby has got a real big head.她这在梳头。She was combing her hair.,他的女儿在山头上玩。一辆小汽车停在桥西头。让我从头讲起吧。他把铅笔头扔了。她是我们组的头儿。他们是一头儿的。事情不能只顾一头。这还是我头一次来杭州呢。我们有30头牛。他头天上午就来了。,二、表达中的选词,sophisticated,sophisticated man 老于世故的人sophisticated woman 狡黠的女人sophisticated columnist 老练的专栏作家sophisticated electronic device 高度精密的电子装置sophisticated weapon 尖端武器,good,It was a girl with good manners.（好举止）There were all labeled as good eggs.（好鸡蛋）Dogs are often regarded as mans good friends.（好朋友）He was told,when complaining that he could not follow Nassers moves,that Nasser was a good chess player.（好棋手）-yet,as it sometimes happens that a person departs his life,who is really deserving of the praises the stone-cutter carves over his bones;who is a good Christian,a good parent,a good child,a good wife or a good husband;(W.M.Thackeray,Vanity Fair)（好教徒、好父母、好儿女、好妻子、好丈夫）,In every Chinese city,we got into the streets,shops,parks,theatres and restaurants.He once again imparted to us his great knowledge,experience and wisdom.,三、翻译的多样性,原文：你的眼睛长哪儿去了？,1）Havent you got eyes?2)Are you so blind?3)Are you such a blind man?4)Youre really stone-blind!5)How blind you are!6)As blind as a bat!7)What a blind man!8)A sightless guy!,9)Why are you so rash?10)How can you be so reckless?11)My goodness!Be careful!12)Would you please be more careful?,作业,1)今之栀其貌，蜡其言，以求贾技于朝者，当其分则善。（柳宗元：鞭贾）释义：现在那些粉饰容貌、言语，来请求向朝廷献技的人，如果职位恰好与其才能相当，就很好了。Now there are those who dye their skin and wax their words in order to peddle their virtues at court.If they are valued according to their worth,there is no harm done.2)曾子说：“人之将死，其言也善。”（梁遇春：善言）释义：人到临死，他说的话是真心话，是善意的。Confucius disciple Zengzi said,When man approaches death，his words are good and true.A mans words are good when death is near.When a man is near death he speaks from his heart,3)好茶，善闵老子，虽大风雨、大宴会，必至老子家缀茶数壶始去。（张岱：王月生）She has a taste for tea,and is on good terms with Min Wenshui:2.而且扰动又扩张了开去，阿金和马路对面一家烟纸店的老女人开始奋斗了，还有男人相帮。（鲁迅：阿金）Ah Jin got into a row with the old woman who kept a small general store across the main road,and some men joined in on her side.,地方我们找个干净点儿的地方喝两杯。车里已经没有地方了。你决定了吗？是留在部队还是到地方上去？积极全国各地人民积极参与灾后救援工作。她总是以积极态度处理生活中的各种问题。发展发展西部是我国经济发展的一项新举措。政府根据形式的发展调整政策。客气他对我们很客气，但不太热情。对待小偷决不能客气。他说自己才疏学浅，这只不过是中国人的客气罢了。,