运动系统解剖四肢骨及其连接.ppt.ppt
The Locomotor System,Feb.24.2009JING LI,附肢骨骼 skeleton appendiculare及其连接,上肢骨The Bones of Upper Limb下肢骨The Bones of Lower Limb,附肢骨骼 skeleton appendiculare,上肢骨The Bones of Upper Limb,上肢带骨 The Shoulder Girdle 锁骨 clavicle肩胛骨 scapula自由上肢骨The Bones of Free Upper Limb 肱骨 humerus桡骨 radius 尺骨 ulna手骨The Bones of hand腕骨8掌骨5指骨14,作用:将肩胛骨支撑于胸廓外，以 保证上肢的灵活运动,锁骨 clavicle 肩胛骨 scapula,上面,下面,肩峰端,胸骨端,上带肢骨 The Shoulder Girdle,介于27肋间分两面（背面、肋面）三缘（上缘、内侧缘、外侧缘）三角（上角、下角、下侧角）,肱骨 humerus,关节盂,桡神经和肱深动脉,桡骨,尺骨,尺骨鹰嘴,肱二头肌长头肌腱,尺骨冠突,桡骨头,桡骨 radius 尺骨ulna,肱骨小头,腕骨,肱骨滑车,鹰嘴窝,桡动脉,腕骨（8）carpal bones掌骨（5）metacarpal bones指骨（14）phalanges bones,舟月三角豆、大小头状钩,手 骨 The bones of hand,下肢带骨The Pelvic Girdle 髋骨hip bone 髂骨、坐骨、耻骨自由下肢骨 The Bones of Free Lower Limb 股骨femur 髌骨patella 胫骨tibia 腓骨fibula 足骨 跗骨7 跖骨5 趾骨14,下肢骨 The Bones of Lower Limb,组成:(髂骨、坐骨、耻骨),髋 骨 hip bone,髋骨主要结构 髂耻坐骨三合一 一面一孔一个嵴 二窝二线二切迹 三节三支三个棘 注：一面耳状面；一孔闭孔；一个嵴髂嵴；二窝髂窝、髋臼；二线弓状线、耻骨梳；二切迹坐骨大切迹、坐骨小切迹；三节髂结节、耻骨结节、坐骨结节；三支坐骨支、耻骨上支、耻骨下支；三个棘髂前上嵴、髂后上嵴、坐骨棘。,股骨头Femoral head股骨颈Femoral neck大转子Greater trochanter小转子Lesser trochanteric粗 线Linea aspera内、外侧髁Medial lateral condyle内、外上髁Medial lateral epicondyle髁间窝Intercondylar fossa,股 骨 femur,髌骨 patella,内、外侧髁Medial lateral condyle髁间隆起Intercondylar eminence胫骨粗隆Tibial tuberosity内 踝Medial malleolus,腓骨头Head of fibula 腓骨颈Neck of fibula 外 踝Lateral malleolus,胫骨tibia 腓骨 fibula,足骨,跗骨 tarsal bones 7距下有跟前接舟 舟前三楔跟前骰跖骨 metatarsal bones 5趾骨phalanges of toes 14,上肢骨连结 上肢带骨连结 自由上肢骨连结下肢骨连结 下肢带骨连结 自由下肢骨连结,附肢骨的连结,胸锁关节sternoclavicular joint肩锁关节acromioclavicular joint喙肩韧带coracoacromial ligament,上肢带骨连结,锁间韧带,胸锁前韧带,肋锁韧带,关节盘,胸锁关节,肩关节shoulder joint肘关节elbow joint桡尺连结手关节joints of hand,自由上肢骨连结,肩关节shoulder joint,自由上肢骨连结,关节面：肱骨头与肩胛骨关节盂,全身最灵活的关节，可做三轴运动,肘关节 elbow joint,自由上肢骨连结,韧带：桡侧副韧带尺侧副韧带桡骨环状韧带,肱尺关节肱桡关节桡尺近侧关节,桡尺连接,自由上肢骨连结,前臂骨间膜桡尺近侧关节桡尺远侧关节,前臂骨间膜,桡尺近端关节,桡尺远端关节,手关节,自由上肢骨连结,桡腕关节腕骨间关节腕掌关节掌骨间关节掌指关节指骨间关节,骶髂关节 sacroiliac joint髂骨与脊柱间的连结耻骨联合 pubic symphysis髋骨的固有韧带骨盆 pevis,下肢带骨连结,骶髂关节sacroiliac joint,下肢带骨连结,骶骨,髂骨,由骶骨和髂骨的耳状面构成骶髂前、后韧带,骶髂前韧带,骶髂后韧带,髂腰韧带 iliolumbar ligament 骶结节韧带 sacrotuberous ligament 骶棘韧带 sacrospinous ligament1、坐骨大孔 greater sciatic foramen 2、坐骨小孔 lesser sciatic foramen,髂骨与脊柱间的连结,髂腰韧带,骶结节韧带,骶棘韧带,1,2,1,2,耻骨联合,耻骨联合 pubic symphysis,髋骨的固有韧带,闭孔膜 Obturator membrane为髋骨的固有韧带，封闭闭孔并未盆内外肌肉提供附着,闭孔,骨盆 pevis,有左右髋骨和骶、尾骨以及之间的骨连接构成,骨盆界线 terminal line：由骶骨岬弓状线耻骨梳耻骨结节耻骨联合大骨盆小骨盆,女性骨盆的特点：短而宽 上口宽大，近圆形 下口和耻骨下角角度大,髋关节hip joint膝关节nkee joint胫腓连结足关节joints of foot,自由下肢骨连结,1髂股韧带 iliofemoral ligament 2股骨头韧带 ligament of head of femur 3耻股韧带 pubofemoral ligament 4坐股韧带 ischiofemoral ligament 5轮匝带 zona orbicularis 6髋臼唇 acetabular labrum,髋关节hip joint,1,4,3,2,6,膝关节 knee joint,1髌韧带patellar ligament 2腓侧副韧带 fibular collateral ligament 3胫侧副韧带tibial collateral ligament 4腘斜韧带 oblique popliteal ligament 5膝交叉韧带cruciate ligament of knee 6半月板 meniscus,1,2,3,5,6,胫腓连接,小腿骨间膜,距小腿关节 talocrural joint跗骨间关节跗跖关节跖骨间关节跖趾关节趾骨间关节,足关节joints of foot,总结,髋 骨The hip bone,组成:(髂骨、坐骨、耻骨),髋臼acetabulum闭孔obturator foramen髂嵴 iliac crest髂前上棘anterior superior iliac spine髂前下棘anterior inferior iliac spine髂结节tubercle of iliac crest髂后上棘posterior superior iliac spine髂后下棘posterior inferior iliac spine坐骨大切迹greater sciatic notch弓状线arcuate line髂窝iliac fossa耻骨梳pecten pubis,耳状面auricular surface坐骨体body of ischium坐骨支ramus of ischium坐骨棘ischial spine坐骨小切迹lesser sciatic notch坐骨结节ischial tuberosity耻骨结节pubic tubercle耻骨联合面symphysial surface髂耻隆起iliopubic eminence,
