《被动语态试讲》PPT课件.ppt

被 动 语 态,概念:动词语态(Voice)是表示句子主语与谓语动词之间关系的一种动词形式。动词语态有两种：主动语态（The Active Voice）和被动语态（The Passive Voice）。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。(即主动语态的宾语是被动语态的主语,主动语态的主语,既动作的执行者,在被动语态中作为介词by的宾语置于句末,但在无需说明动作的执行者是谁时,也可以省略.),I.被动语态的构成形式 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。,1.被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常有十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由 be过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。各种时态的被动语态形式:(以do为例),一般现在时 am/is/are+done(过去分词).如:Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.现在完成时has/have been done.如:I have been cloned.All the preparations for the task have been completed,and we are ready to start.,3）现在进行时 am/is/are being done 例:一座新的电影院正在这儿被建起.A new cinema is being built here4）一般过去时 was/were done例:I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.,5）过去完成时had been done 例:By the end of last year,another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.(complete)6）过去进行时 was/were being done 例:A meeting was being held when I was there.,7）一般将来时shall/will be done 例:Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8）过去将来时should/would be done 例:The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.,9）将来完成时（少用）shall/will have been done 例:The project will have been completed before July.10）过去将来完成时（少用）should/would have been done 例:He told me that my new clothes would have been made very soon.,2.被动语态的特殊结构形式,1)带情态动词的被动结构,其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。例:The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.He said that the mistakes must be corrected in time.,2)有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语.例:His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改为:He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.或改为:A present was given to him by his mother for his birthday.,3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动。例:Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.They painted the door green.The door was painted green.,4）在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。例:She saw a stranger walk into the building.可改为:A stranger was seen to walk into the building(by her).His father made him study.可改为:He was made to study(by his father).,5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例:The meeting is to be put off till Friday.We are looking after a little boy.A little boy is being looked after.,3.非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态)。例:I dont like being laughed at.,The meeting _ tomorrow is very important.A.heldB.being held C.to be heldD.will be held,高考对非谓语动词语态的考查,当非谓语动词的逻辑主语为动作的承受者时,须用被动式。弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的执行与承受关系是掌握非谓语动词语态的关键。,1)Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B.to be seenC.seeing D.seen解析 B.根据题意，那对老夫妇是否到国外旅行是将来的动作，应使用不定式，故排除掉C、D两项；又因remains的逻辑主语it是动词see的承受者，即“到国外旅行”这件事，这件事有待于“被决定”，应使用动词不定式的被动形式。,2).While shopping,people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.A.to persuaded B.persuading C.being persuaded D.be persuaded答案C.解析 cant help doing“禁不住做某事”，排除A和D；顾客应是“被劝说”购物的，要用动名词的被动语态。,3）I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child.A.is to blame B.is going to blameC.is to be blamed D.should blame解析 A.feel的宾语从句为强调句型，在be to do结构中，在某些场合可用不定式的主动语态表示被动语态，如to blame，to let等。,二、如何使用被动语态学习被动语态时,不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构,还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。,1.讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省 by 短语)。例:My bike was stolen last night.,2.借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。例:I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.3.为了更好地安排句子。例:The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people.（一个主语就够了）,三.It is said that+从句及其他类似句型,一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如 believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think 等可用于句型“Itbe过去分词that从句”或“主语be过去分词to do sth.”,It is said that据说,It is reported that据报道，It is believed that大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is well known that众所周知，It is thought that大家认为，It is suggested that据建议/有人建议。例:It is said that the boy has passed the exam.The boy is said to have passed the exam.,Thank you!！,