《英语词汇提高》PPT课件.ppt

Chapter 27,哈工大外国语学院2012春 杨莉萍,inept 词根 ept=apt=to fit“合适，适合”,apt adj.eg.The words of the report are as apt today as in 1929.这份报告的措辞用在今天和用在1929年一样贴切。aptitude n.Eg.Some students have more aptitude for academic work than others.有些学生比其他学生更有学术才能。adept adj.Eg.He is quite adept at archery,nearly always hitting the target dead on.他很擅长于射箭，几乎每次都能射中靶心。adapt(ad=to,apt=fit)adapt oneself to sth.,(话语、描述或选择)合适的，恰当的，贴切的,天资，天赋，才能,熟练的，擅长的，内行的,innate 词根 nat=born,natality n.出生率Eg.The statistics shows that the natality in the city has been decreasing.统计数字表明该市的出生率一直持续下降。cognate adj.同宗的,同源的 Eg.German,Dutch and English are cognate languages.德语和荷兰语为同源语言。,nation national nationwidenationally nationality nationalism nationalist nationalistic nationalize v.使国有化nationalization internal a.内在的,内部的external a.外在的，外部的internalize v.使内在化externalize v.使外在化,nature natural naturally naturalist n.博物学家naturalistic a.（绘画写作等）自然主义的 naturalism n.（艺术或文学的）自然主义naturalize v.使外国人入国籍native international internationallyinternationalism internationalize,词根 ven,vent=to come,convene v.Eg.People were convened here for an emergency meeting.convention n.Eg.1)At the recent convention a declaration was adopted.2)Its just a social convention that men dont wear skirts.3)Convention dictates(常识告诉人们)that a minister should resign in such a situation.依照常规部长在这种情况下应该辞职。,人们被召集到这里举行紧急会议。,召集，集合，开会,在最近举行的大会上通过了一项宣言。,大会/惯例,习俗,revenue n.Eg.The governments revenue is made up chiefly of the money we pay in taxes.政府的收入主要来源是靠我们所交的税。advent(ad=to,near)n.Eg.The leap forward in communication was made possible by the advent of mobile phone.inventory n.Eg.This is a detailed inventory of all the jobs to be done.,(政府的)税收,财政收入,手机的出现带来了通讯业的飞跃。,到来，出现,这是一张待办事项的详表。,详细目录,circumvent(circum=around)v.Eg.However,they are disliked for their circuitous manner of speaking and their ability to circumvent the law by citing obscure legal doctrines.但因为他们说话爱绕圈子，又有本事引用晦涩难懂的法律条文来规避法律约束，所以很是不讨人喜欢。ventilate v.Eg.1)We ventilate a room to get fresh air by opening windows.2)Members are asked not to ventilate club problems outside this meeting.要求会员们在这次会议之外勿公开讨论本俱乐部的问题。,规避，逃避,通风，使空气流通；发表(看法)，表达(感情),lament,v.1)to express feeling of great sadness about（为）悲痛，哀悼，痛惜，悲叹Eg.The nation lamented the death of its great war leader.该国在哀悼这位伟大战争领袖之死。2)to express annoyance or disappointment about sth.you think is unsatisfactory or unfair 抱怨Eg.(1)She lamented the fact that manufacturers did not produce small packs for small households.她抱怨厂商没有生产小型家庭使用的小包装。(2)The old generation are always lamenting the passing of the old days.Eg.It is lamentable that the officer failed to deal with the situation.,老一代人总是抱怨世风日下。,很遗憾，这位警官无法处理这一情况。,obstinate,词根 st,sta,stat,stan,stant,stin=to standobstinacy n.顽固Eg.His obstinacy drives me mad!他顽固不化把我气得火冒三丈！stability n.稳定性 Eg.The government has taken a measure to maintain the stability of prices.政府已经采取了措施以确保物价稳定。stagnant adj.停滞的Eg.Due to low investment,our industrial output has remained stagnant.由于投资少，我们的工业生产一直停滞不前。,withstand v.承受 Eg.Childrens furniture must withstand kicks and blows.孩子用的家具必须经得起拳打脚踢。constitute v.被视为，被算作；构成，组成；设立，成立Eg.1)Failing to complete the work constitutes a breach(违反/破坏)of the employment contract.未能完成工作被视为违反员工合同。2)We must redefine what constitutes a family.我们必须对家庭的构成重新定义。3)The Federation was constituted in 1949.该联盟成立于1949年。,前缀 ob=to/towards,over,about,near,against,as,before,upon,obedient(=to hear)adj.服从的，顺从的object(=to throw to)v.反对，拒绝；n.物体，目标oblige(=to bind to)v.强制，施加于obstacle(=to stand against/over)n.障碍物,obscure(=to cover over)adj.不清楚的，隐藏的obtain(=to hold close to)n.获得，得到obstruct(=to build over/against)阻断，遮蔽，妨碍Eg.Drivers who park their cars illegally,particularly obstructing traffic flow,deserve to be punished.,parallel,n.a relationship or similarity between two things,esp.things that exist or happen in different places or at different times.(尤指不同地点或不同时间的两事物之间的)联系，相似(之处)Eg.1)Entering the world of fine art,she found many parallels with the world of fashion.踏入美术界之后，她发现这一领域与时装界有许多共同之处。2)She wanted to pursue her own career in parallel with her husbands.她想跟/与丈夫同时追求各自的事业。3)The poverty of hill farmers had no parallel.没人比山区农民更贫穷。,adj.平行的；相似的，同时发生的Eg.1)She was traveling parallel to her previous route.他现在的旅行线路和以前走过的线路平行。2)The railway is parallel with the canal.那条铁路与运河平行。3)Social changes in Britain are matched by parallel trends in some other countries.在英国发生社会变革的同时，其他国家也出现了相似的趋势。,前缀 para=beside,side by side,paradox(para=beside+dox=opinion)n.Eg.Although an apparent paradox,when lighting is reduced in factories,productivity increases.虽然看上去很矛盾，不过在工厂减少照明时，生产率却提高了。paramount(para+mount=hill,mountain)adj.Eg.Childhood vaccination are of paramount importance to prevent terrible diseases.从小接种疫苗对预防重大疾病至关重要（的）。paraphrase(para+phrase=to say)v.Eg.You should footnote the original source even when you paraphrase a passage.即使用自己的话来解释某篇文章，也应该加注脚表明原文出处。,perceptive,词根 cept,ceive,cip=to take,hold,seizeintercept(inter=between)v.Eg.Reporters intercepted him as he tried to leave by the rear entrance.他想从后门溜走,记者把他截住了。precept n.格言,言辞；戒律，准则 Eg.1)Example is better than precept.身教胜过言教。2)Just follow these few basic precepts and you wont go far wrong in life.只要按这几条准则行事，你一生就不会出大错。,拦截,perceive v.Eg.We perceived that we were unwelcome and left.我们发觉自己不受欢迎，因此便离开了。incipient adj.初期的 Eg.1)She felt for him an incipient tenderness,but scarcely any passion.她对他的好感只是一种刚刚萌芽的柔情，还根本谈不上什么爱情。2)This new medical equipment is quite helpful in detecting incipient tumors.该医疗器械对诊断早期的肿瘤非常有用。emancipate v.Eg.We must emancipate our minds and think independently.我们需要解放思想，独立思考。,察觉,解放,sedate,adj.calm,serious,and formal 安静的，安详的，庄重的Eg.She spent the holiday in a sedate seaside town.她在一座安静的海边小镇度假。2)The wedding was rather a sedate occasion.婚礼上气氛庄重。3)We continued our walk at a sedate pace.我们慢悠悠地继续前行。v.给服用镇静剂Eg.He was still in shock,and heavily sedated.他仍然惊魂未定，给他服用了大量镇静剂。Eg.Many health problems are caused by our sedentary lifestyle/job.很多健康问题都是由久坐不动的生活方式/工作引起的。,