《英语名词》PPT课件.ppt

Lesson One 名 词,考点1 名词复数变化,1)规则变化 一般情况加smath(s),physics,politics,news,James,the Whitesx,s,sh,ch后加es“辅音字母+y”结尾去y变i加es,“元音字母+y”结尾直接加s以o结尾的“黑人英雄爱吃番茄土豆”加es,其他直接加s negro hero tamato potato,以下以f,fe结尾的词去f,fe变ves 树 叶 半 数 自 己 黄，leaf half self 妻 子 刀 切 面 包 忙，wife knife loaf 架 后 窜 出 一 只 狼，shelf wolf 就 像 小 偷 逃 命 狂。thief lifescarf scarfs/scarves,2)不规则变化 a-e man woman policeman policewoman Englishman Englishwoman Frenchman FrenchwomanGerman Germansoo-ee foot tooth goose单复同形 sheep fish deer Chinese Japanese 其他形式 child children mouse mice,考点2 特殊形式的名词复数,只有复数形式的名词 clothes pants shorts jeans glassesshoe,sock可以指单只鞋袜集合名词:family class team(表示整体概念时作单数,表示整体中的个体 概念时作复数)例一 My class _(be)like a big family.All my class _(be)having English class.,is,are,统称词(指代全部,作复数主语,其前加the)the police the English the French一个名词具有多个复数含义 单复同形(强调鱼的条数)fish fishes(强调鱼的种类)people(一般指“人们”)people the people(“人民”或特指)单复同形(“个人,2人”)peoples(“民族”),考点3 可数名词与不可数名词,1)un.作主语谓语动词用单数 There is lots of news in todays newspaper.2)既是可数又不可数的名词 glass cn.玻璃杯(pl.es)un.玻璃 paper cn.报纸,论文 un.纸 room cn.房间 un.空间 fish cn.鱼 un.鱼肉 chicken cn.小鸡 un.鸡肉 onion cn.洋葱(整棵)un.洋葱(切碎),3)名词修饰语 .&un.un.基数词,a/an the,some little every,both enough(足够)a little few,a few most,more much many,lots of=a lot of too much too many all,考点4 名词的量化,1)名词量化的基本结构:基数词+量词+of+名词(基数词大于1,量词变复数,名词为可数依情况 变复数,名词为不可数则没有复数形式)例二 Please give me a glass of water.(变为复数句)Please give us some glasses of water.,2)单位量词成对单位量词 pair万能单位量词 piece(量化un.含义多样)a piece of meat 一块肉 a piece of paper 一张纸 a piece of music 一首乐曲 a piece of news 一条消息 a piece of bread 一片面包 a piece of advice 一条建议其他单位量词 meter,kilo,box,set,bag,basket,bottle,cup,glass,group,bowl,plate,3)量化名词作主语动词选择依据量词单复数例三 Here _(be)my shoes.Here _(be)a pair of my shoes.A group of children _(be)playing soccer on the playground.4)对数量进行提问例四 I have one apple.How many apples do you have?,are,is,is,例五 She bought three kilos of mutton._ _ _ _ she _?She bought three kilos of pears._ _ _ _ she _?例六 He had two bowls of rice._ _ _ did he have?He had two bowls of rice._ _ _ _ _ did he have?,How much mutton did buy,How many pears did buy,How much rice,How many bowls of rice,考点5 名词作定语,1)一般情况下名词单数作定语 a shoe store some apple trees2)sports作定语用复数形式 a sports club some sports clothes3)man,woman作定语随其后名词的单复数 进行变化 a man doctor some men doctors注意girl和boy作定语的用法 Therere 30 _(girl)_(students).,girl students,考点6 名词所有格,1)s所有格的用法一般在有生命名词的后面加s,若名词以s 结尾则只加 Lilys book my parents photoAs and Bs+pl.各自拥有 A and Bs+sig.共同拥有例七Here is _(Tom and Tim)room._(Tom and Tim)fathers are here.,Tom and Tims,Toms and Tims,s后若为shop,store,home,house,office,restarant等表示地点的名词,则这些名词 经常进行省略。My father is at the doctors(office).Tom is at the barbers(shop).例八 Jane and I had lunch at _.A.Turner B.Turners C.Turners D.Turners时间,距离和地点前常用s todays newspaper Beijings streets,构成节日名词 Childrens Day Teachers Day Womens Day Fathers Day Mothers Daysomeone elses 其他人的,别人的2)of所有格构成:the+n.+of+n./代词宾格一般用于无生命的事物 the gate of our school the name of the dog,3)双重所有格构成:the+n.+of+s所有格/名物代名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours theirsof短语修饰的名词前通常有表示数量的限 定词,如a,an,基数词 some,a few,many等。of所有格与双重所有格的区别 a friend of my uncle(该人与我叔叔是朋友关系)a friend of my uncles(该人是我叔叔朋友中的一个,完全等同于 one of my uncles friends),a photo of me(该张照片中的人是“我”)a photo of mine(该张照片的拥有者是“我”)例九 1.My mother met a friend of _.A.she B.shes C.hers2.Is this a photo of _?Yes.Look,she laughed so happily then.A.your sister B.your sisters C.your brother D.your brothers,Thank you！,