《英语句子结构》PPT课件.ppt

英语的句子结构,S(subject)主语V(verbal phrase)谓语P(predicative)表语O(object)宾语 Oi间接宾语Od直接宾语C(complement)补语,英语的句子结构,简单句,并列句,复合句,*几个简单句用分号或并列连词连接起来构成并列句;*几个简单句可通过各种方式组合成含有主句和从句 的复合句。,简单句,SV,SVP,SVO,SVOiOd,SVOC,简单句的五种句型,1）SV 主语谓语,eg.The telephone rang.His father might have died.,2)SVP 主语谓语表语,eg.The plan sounds perfect.Frank is an artist.,3)SVO 主语谓语宾语,eg.I saw a bird.My sister enjoyed the play.,简单句的五种句型,4）SVOiOd 主语谓语+间接宾语直接宾语,eg.The lady gave Jack a watch.My father bought me a bicycle.,5)SVOC 主语谓语宾语补语,eg.They called him a fool.She found the children fast asleep.,*在阅读句子的时候，第一个任务就是要找到谓语!*做谓语的动词有时态、语态和数的变化；还有 及物动词与不及物动词的区别。,Ex:Find out the predicate in each sentence.,1.The soup tastes good.,2.The boy is interested in playing PC games.,3.The boss made the workers work long hours.,4.He practises playing the piano every day.,5.They had finished the job when the boss came.,6.Record every word you hear.,7.He didnt turn to me for help.,*在英语简单句中，只能有而且（一般情况下）必须有一个谓语部分！,句子成分的构成,句子的主干成分：,主语、谓语、宾语、表语,句子的次要成分：,定语、状语、补语、插入语、同位语,句子成分的构成,主语可以用以下这些表示：1.名词；2.代词；3.数词；4.动名词；5.不定式；6.词组或复合结构；7.从句；8.名词化的其他词类。eg:A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.Who is speaking,please?This is Jack speaking.Two will be enough.Smoking is very dangerous.To see is to believe.Whether well go depends on the weather.“A”is an article.,一、主语,二、表语 表语跟在be动词和系动词之后，可以用下面这些东西表示：1.名词；2.代词；3.数词；4.形容词；5.分词；6.动名词；7.不定式；8.副词；9.介词短语；10.词组；11.从句。如：The masses are the real heroes.Thats something we have always to keep in mind.She was the first to learn about it.Time is pressing.Lets hurry up.All I could do was sending him a telegram.We must be off now.My idea is that we should stick to our original plan.,三、宾语 宾语跟在及物动词后，有直接间接之分，可以用下面这些东西表示：1.名词；2.代词；3.数词；4.动名词；5.不定式；6.复合结构；7.从句；8.名词化的形容词及其他词类，如：She died a heroic death.They didnt promise him anything definite.How many do you want?We need two.Pay attention to uniting and working with comrades who differ with you.Learn to play the piano.Ill get it stamped.Did you write down what she said?He gave me a new pencil.He gave a new pencil to me.,四、定语 定语起类似于形容词的修饰作用，可以用下面这些东西表示：1.形容词；2.代词；3.数词；4.名词或名词所有格；5.分词；6.不定式；7.介词短语；8.副词；9.词组或合成词；10.从句（即定语从句）。如：His words moved everyone present.We belong to the third world.We must live up to the Partys expectations.This is indeed a most pressing problem.There are two things to be discussed today.He is a man of good temper.I saw a bird which was eating a worm in the tree.,五、状语 状语类似于副词，可以用下面这些东西表示 1.副词；2.介词短语；3.不定式；4.分词；5.形容词；6.词组；7.复合结构；8.从句，如：They were greatly touched to hear the old mans story.They did everything they could to save the boys life.I said it in fun.They all rushed over,eager to help.They returned tired and hungry.He came up shouldering a spade.We completed the work five days ahead of time.(词组)Seeing this,some students became very worried.(分词)He entered the room,his nose red with cold.(复合结构),并列句与复合句,*几个简单句用分号或并列连词连接起来构成 并列句这样的连接词有:1)表示意义延伸的并列连词：and,not onlybut(also),neithernor 2)表示选择概念的并列连词:or,eitheror,3)表示转折的并列连词:but,while,however,etc.4)表示原因的:for,eg:1)As is reported,a trade agreement was signed and a cultural exchange was arranged.,2)Not only is he himself interested in the subject but all his students are beginning to show an interest in it.,3）Dr.Fisher neither loves the environment,nor is he accustomed to the weather.,*几个简单句可通过各种方式组合成含有主句和 从句的复合句。构成从属关系的复杂句包括 名词性分句(可以作主语、宾语、同位语、主语补语）、定语分句、状语分句。,如何划分句子主干以及谓语动词和非谓语动词,实际应用I,I.Choose the best answers：,_ some of this juiceperhaps youll like it.A.Trying B.Try C.To try D.Having tried,实际应用 I,2.He sent me an e-mail,_ to get further information.A.hoped B.hoping C.to hope D.hope,实际应用I,3._ late in the morning,Bob turned off the alarm.A.Sleep B.Sleeping C.To sleep D.Having slept,实际应用I,4._ at the door before entering,please.A.Knocked B.To knock C.Knocking D.Knock,实际应用I,5._ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.A.Giving B.Give C.Given D.To give,实际应用I,6.The manager,_ his factorys products were poor in quality,decided to give his workers further training.A.knowing B.known C.to know D.being known,实际应用I,7.It is believed that if a book is _,it will surely _ the reader.A.interested;interest B.interesting;be interested C.interested;be interesting D.interesting;interest,实际应用I,8.Suddenly,a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away,_ into the woods.A.seizing;disappeared B.seized;disappeared C.seizing;disappearing D.seized;disappearing,实际应用I,9.The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smell B.smelling C.smell D.to be smelt,实际应用I,10.English has a large vocabulary,hasnt it?-Yes,_ more words and expressions and youll find it easier to read and communicate.A.Know B.Knowing C.To know D.Known,实际应用I,11.Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV;there are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes.A.to form B.form C.forming D.having formed,新高考.新题型,A British teenager,Danay Bowman aged 19years old,once_(spend)10 hours a day taking selfies(自拍）。,spent,At his worst,he would cut a class three times an hour to take a selfie,eventually_(drop)out of school at age of 16,at which point his health started to fall apart,because he would limit himself to an apple and a bowl of rice a day in a bid to be thinner and improve his skin.,dropping,China _(situate)in one of the most active earthquake regions,has experienced many terrible earthquakes.,situated,The fires caused by the earthquake burned for three days,_(destroy)more than 250000 buildings and leaving 250000 people homeless.,destroying,Passengers on a regular flight from Detroit to Tri-City Airport _(locate)between the Michigan cities of Saginaw,Bay City and Midland in the USA,must have felt a little confused during a flight attendants greeting.,located,A naughty cockroach（蟑螂）went to see a butterfly,and in front of everyone the cockroack told the butterfly that she wasnt really that beautiful,and that the butterfly only won the competitions because the judges_(pay).,had been paid,直击高考2015全国卷考察动词,A study of travelers _(conduct)by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.,conducted,It was raining lightly when I _(arrive)in Yangshuo just before dawn.,arrived,直击高考2016全国卷考察动词,But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a Tv show in the mid-1980s,when I was the first Western TV reporter_(permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.,permitted,My ambassadorial duties will include_(introduce)British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research center in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.,introducing,实际应用II,II.Correct the mistakes in the sentences.(Each sentence has only one mistake.),My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.,to,2.He said he was busy.That is,a game of tennis making him very busy.,made,实际应用II,3.Remembering not to shout at them.,Remember,4.It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.,when,5.I was so tired that I felt asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.,实际应用II,6.The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese.,7.One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.,it,8.Clever as she is,but she works very hard.,实际应用II,9.I dream of standing on the platform in the classroom and give lessons to lovely boys and girls.,and girls.,giving lessons to lovely boys,11.I know there is not easy to be a teacher.,it,10.At weekends,we would play basket ball,swimming in the pool or go for a picnic.,swim,英语长句的分析,一、长句的特点：(1)修饰语多；(2)并列成分多；(3)语言结构层次多。,二、理解长句时可采用以下步骤：(1)找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，(复合句则 找出主句的主、谓、宾）从整体上把握句子 的结构。,(2)找出句中所有的非谓语动词、介词短语和 从句的引导词。,(3)分析从句和短语的功能，例如，是否为主语 从句，宾语从句，表语从句等；若是状语，它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等。,(4)分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系，例如，定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。,(5)注意插入语等其他成分。,(6)注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。,实际应用III,Reading comprehension:,The three largest islands,Jersey,Guernsey,and Alderney,have long been known for the fine breeds(品种)of cattle that are raised on them and named after them.Q:Jersey,Guernsey,and Alderney breeds of cattle are _.A.considered best in England B.named after their birthplaces C.brought to the islands by Germans D.raised on well-known farms by the French,2.Instead,they get yearly rings,which can also be counted,giving information about the fishs age,just like the growth rings of a tree.Q:Why does the writer compare the fish to trees?A.Trees gain a growth ring each day.B.Trees also have otoliths(耳石).C.Their growth rings are very small.D.They both have growth rings.,3.The famous director of a big and expensivemovie planned to film a beautiful sunset overthe ocean,so that the audiences could see his hero and heroine in front of it at the end of the film as they said goodbye to each other for ever.Q:The director wanted to film a sunset over the ocean because _.A.it went well with()the separation of the hero and the heroine.B.when they arrived at the beach it was already in the evening.C.it was more moving than a sunrise D.the ocean looked more beautiful at sunset,4.According to the information Mrs.Schleifer had gathered,Panula gave up her seat on a lifeboat to search for her five childrenincluding a 13-month-old boy named Einofrom whom she had become separated during the final minutes of the crossing.Q:The baby travelled on the ship with his _.A.mother B.parents C.aunt D.relatives,