《英语A级语法》PPT课件.ppt

英语A级单选&填空,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,1.虚拟语气,4.时态,14.词形转换,2.定语从句,3.状语从句,11.倒装句,12.强调句,8.比较级和最高级,6.分词作状语,7.分词作定语,10.同位语,9.先行词 it,15.词组,5.被动语态,13.动词+-ing/-to do,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,虚拟语气,概念：虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。,考点：,1.由if引导的虚拟条件句,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,注意：如果连接词if省略，从句中的助动词（had）要移到主语之前，形成部分倒装。,练习题：,1.If he had taken the lawyers advice,he(save)_ himself a great deal of trouble.2.He might have been killed in that car accident yesterday if he(take)_ part in that activity with the team.,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,3._ last Friday,he would have got to Paris.A.Would he leave B.Had he left C.If he is to leave D.If he was leaving 4.If I(be)_ you,I would not miss the job interview tomorrow morning.,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,考点：2.在表示命令、决定、建议等词语之后的that-分句中,分句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”或直接用动词原型。（1）用在demand,insist（坚持）,order,propose,recommend,request,require,suggest等动词之后的that-分句中。,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,（2）用在advisable（可取的、明智的）,desirable（称心合意的）,essential（必要的、必不可少的）,important,impossible,necessary,proper等形容词后的that-分句中。（3）用在decision,demand,order,requirement（需要）等名词后的that-分句中。,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,练习题：,1.The representative of the company demanded that part of the agreement _ revised.A.will be B.is C.to be D.be2.It is suggested that the president of the Union(make)_ a speech on behalf of all the workers.3.It is important that he(be)_ called back immediately.,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,考点：3.“情态动词+完成时态”的不同用法（1）*should have done 表示“应当做某事（但是没有做）”shouldnt have done sth 表示“本不应该做某事（而做了）”（2）must have done 对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，表示“一定做了某事”。否定形式是“couldnt have done”（3)neednt have done sth 表示“本没必要做某事（却做了）”（4)would like to have done sth 表示“本打算做某事（却没做）”,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,1.This ATM has been out of service for a few days.It should _ last week.A.fix B.be fixed C.have fixed D.have been fixed2.Jack must _(go)away-we can not find him anywhere in the factory.,练习题：,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,3Tom _ the party as no one saw him there yesterday morning.A.can not attendB.mustnt attend C.wont have attendedD.couldnt have attended,表示“严禁”,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,考点：4、其他特殊句式（1）Its high time that That从句常用到虚拟语气，谓语动词用过去式，表示“到了该做的时候了！”练习题：I think it is high time we _(take)strict measures to stop pollution.,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,（2）wish,would rather(sooner)后的宾语从句，谓语动词用虚拟语气。,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,一、形容词性从句概要定义：形容词性从句一般称为定语从句，在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时可修饰一个句子。结构：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词的后面，由关系词引导。先行词+关系词+定语从句,形容词性从句定语从句,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,1.Here is a boy,and he damaged the vase.Here is the boy(who damaged the vase).,先行词,关系代词（作主语）,2.My cousin is an engineer,and he went to Europe last week.,My cousin,who is an engineer,went to Europe last week.,先行词,关系代词（作主语）,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,二、定语从句的分类,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,定语从句中关系代词的选择,成分,关系代词,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,定语从句中关系副词的选择,1.when 表示时间2.where表示地点3.why表示原因它们在定语从句中都充当状语成分。,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,1.The advertising company recently hired a designer _D_ had once won a prize in a national contest.A.whose B.which C.whom D.who 2.It is important to provide an environment _C_ people are encouraged to make suggestions at all levels of the company.A.from which B.on which C.in which D.for which,练习题：,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,3.Once more I have to leave Beijing,_B_ I have been living for eight years.A.that B.where C.which D.as 4.There is no evidence _B_ oil price will come down in the near future.（同位语）A.which B.that C.where D.as,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,5.It was not such a good job _C_ she had read about in the advertisement.A.like B.which C.as D.what,such that引导的是“结果状语从句”,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,词例,含义,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,1.The new staff didnt know how to use the system _ I explained it to him yesterday.A.until B.because C.if D.since2.They had talked only for a few minutes _ they found they were of different opinions.A.unless B.while C.before D.once 3.I will ask Mr.Smith to ring you up _ he comes back to the office.A.when B.where C.because D.although,主将从现只出现在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,4.They will not start the project until the board chairman _ back from South Africa.A.will comeB.is comingC.cameD.comes,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,目的是,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,5.He was attending a meeting,_ he would have come to your party yesterday.A.unless B.when C.but D.or 6.She did not go to the party last night,_ she had to finish her term paper.A.if B.though C.till D.because7.Young _ he is,he has proved to be an able salesman.A.that B.who C.as D.whichas构成的让步状语从句：名词词组/形容词+as+主语+谓语,Child as he is,he knows much about software programming.,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,现在完成时,has/have done,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,过去完成时把时间推移到过去某一时间之前，与现在时间不发生联系-表示过去的过去。,e.g.She told me her name after I had asked(ask)her twice.(p67-4-6),高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,现在完成（进行）时经常与since-词组或since-分句连用，表示“自某时以来”一直进行或者未进行某项活动。主句（现在完成时/现在完成进行时），since-从句（一般过去时）e.g.I have lived in the dormitory,since I arrived here.,现在完成时,一般过去时,自从我来这儿，就住在学生公寓。,Since-结构,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,by the end of by the time By the end of By the time,1.By the end of next month,we(find)_ a good solution to the technical problem.2.By the time you come to see me next month,I _ my term paper.A.have completed B.complete C.am completing D.will have completed,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,It is/will be+the first time that 分句（现在完成时）e.g.Is this the first time youve come to China?It was the first time that 分句（过去完成体）e.g.It was the second time I had been(be)abroad.,“It is the first time+that 分句”中的使用,这是你第一次来中国吗？,这是我第二次出国,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,Over,Thank you,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,不定式作状语*（）表示目的 e.g.We will go to the clinic tomorrow to be examined by the doctor.（）表示结果 e.g.He hurried home only to find that his grandfather was dead.（）表示原因 e.g.He was lucky to have found the lost child.,分词作状语,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,-ing分词作状语（）作时间状语 e.g.（When we were)Climbing to the top of the tower,we saw a magnificent view.（）*作原因状语 e.g.Having worked hard all day,I was ready for bed all day.（）*作伴随状语 e.g.He ran up to her,breathing heavily.,表示主动,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,-ed分词作状语(1)*作时间状语 e.g.(When it is)Heated,the metal expands.(2)*作原因状语 e.g.(Because he was)Deeply moved,he thanked her again and again.,表示被动,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,1.The auto industry spends large amounts of money on marketing campaigns _ young adult customers.A.attract B.attractedC.to attract D.attracts2._ by the failure of the project,the manager could hardly say a word.A.To be shocked B.ShockedC.Be shocked D.Shocking,练习题：,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,3._that I was not going to get much chance for promotion,I soon became bored with my work.A.To realize B.RealizingC.Being realized D.Realized4._ up at the clock on the wall,the secretary found it was already midnight.A.Looking B.LookC.To look D.Looked,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,5._ to find the proper job,he decided to give up job-hunting in this city.A.Failed B.Being failedC.To fail D.Having failed6.The research group has submitted a report,(suggest)_ reforms to be made.7.When(ask)_ about the advertising campaign of the new product,the manager said it was a great success.,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,分词作定语,-ing（现在）分词和-ed（过去）分词作定语的主要差别在于：1.现在分词表示“主动（现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词，即与名词有主谓关系)和进行”。e.g.There are a lot of fans hoping for a glimpse of the movie stars.,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,2.过去分词表示“被动(过去分词修饰的是承受该动作的名词,即与名词是动宾关系）和完成（不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成）“。e.g.Computers imported from abroad are usually more expensive.e.g.A lost opportunity never returns.注：单个分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面.,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,不定式作定语,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,1.The first textbook _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.Writing B.written C.to write D.to be written 2.The conference _ in Beijing next week is bound to be a great success.A.holding B.being heldC.to hold D.to be held,练习题：,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,3.With the help of the police,the woman finally found her(lose)_ child after a sleepless.4.It was in his childhood that he read most of the books(write)_ by Mark Twain.5.The tall building(complete)_ last month is our new classroom building.6.Finally the woman found her(lose)_ child with the help of the police.,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的规则变化,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的不规则变化,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,1.Successful companies concentrate(much)_ on selling their products to their existing customers than to their new ones.2.The guest paid(little)_ money than he should for the room.3.The price of petrol is much(high)_ now than it was this time last year.,填空题：,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,先行词 it it充当形式主语或形式宾语，后面的真正主语或真正宾语通常是不定式结构、-ing分词或名词性分句。,形式主语,1._ is reported in the newspapers that the talks between the two companies have not made any progress.A.That B.What C.It D.As,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,练习题：,3.They regard _ as their duty to provide the best service for their customers.A.this B.what C.it D.that,形式宾语,2.It is my great honor _ to give a speech at the opening ceremony.A.to invite B.inviting C.having invited D.to be invited,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,4.I do not think it necessary(discuss)_ the matter with him before the problem is settled.,Keys:,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,同位语从句 同位语从句通常用that引导，且that在从句中不充当任何成分，是对名词的内容进行解释说明.可用同位语从句修饰的名词有：news,fact,idea,promise,question,doubt,hope,evidence,suggestion,thought,message等。,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,1.The message _ Mr.Black was elected chairman of the committee arrived just in time.A.which B.what C.that D.how2.News came from the sales manager _ the new product had been selling well in the local market for three months.A.whose B.what C.which D.that,练习题：,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,倒装（Inversion）,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,I.部分倒装(Partial Inversion)(1)当句首为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时，一般引起部分倒装e.g.few,little,never,hardly,rarely,scarcely,seldom,no soonerthan,Hardlywhen,not onlybut also,*not until,by no means 等.,应用：,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,1.Little they realized that they had made a great discovery in chemistry.2.Rarely we have seen a person with such bad temper.,Little did they realize that they had made a great discovery in chemistry.,Rarely have we seen a person with such bad temper.,改错题：,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,(2)句首状语若由“only+副词”、“only+介词词组”。“only+状语分句”构成，也引起部分倒装。只有当你亲自去做的时候，才能明白这项工作室多么艰苦。,Only when you do it yourself can you understand how hard the work is.,翻译题：,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,（3).“So+副词 that（部分倒装）”“So+形容词 that（全部倒装）”选择题：So_ after she learned the good news that she could hardly fall asleep that night.A.excited the mother was B.was the mother excitedC.the mother was excitedD.excited was the mother,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,The workmen finished their work so quick that they were giving a bonus.,So quick,句型转换：,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,句型结构：It is(was)+强调成分(除谓语成分）+that(who)+句子（原句中的剩余部分）.当被强调的部分指“人”时，that可换作who。句子的开头用it is还是it was，通常取决于其后从句的谓语动词是现在时还是过去时。,强调句:,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,（P124-6-1）她建议我们去图书馆。是她建议我去图书馆。,She suggested we go to the library.,It was she that/who suggested we go to the library.,1.强调主语,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,我们的英语老师送给我一本字典。我们的英语老师送给我的是这本字典。,Our English gave me a dictionary.,It was this dictionary that our English gave me.,2.强调宾语,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,我上周接到通知。我是在上周接到通知的。,I got the notice last week.,It was last week that I got the notice.,3.强调状语,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,It was not until the accident happened _.(2001年6月A级)A.when I realized my carelessness B.that I realized my carelessness C.as I realized my carelessness D.when my carelessness has been realized,选择题：,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,You worked very hard yesterday.,那如何强调谓语呢？,You did work very hard yesterday.,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,动词+-ing/-to do,1.*只能带-ing分词的动词 这类动词常见的有：avoid,admit,cant help,consider,dislike,dont mind,imagine,include,(enjoy,finish,give up).2.只能带不定式的动词 这类动词常见的有：agree,choose,decide,demand,determine,expect,prepare,promise,refuse.,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,3.既能直接带-ing又能带-to do的动词（1）意义无甚区别 这类动词常见的有：attempt,begin,continue,hate,intend,like,love,plan,prefer,require,start.,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,(2)意义有区别 表一：,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,表二：,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,表三：,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,1.Mr.Smith considered(sell)_ his car and his house before moving to Beijing.（A级）2.I wondered why the boy often avoided(talk)_ with his classmates.3.I dont mind(have)_ a dog in the house so long its clean and it doesnt smell.,练习题：,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,4.They stopped(search)_ for the missing plane as the weather was very rough.5.I do not regret _ her what I thought about her proposal,even if it upset her.（A级）A.tellB.to tellC.toldD.telling,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,(1)动词-名词-ment invest-investment-ence differ-difference-tion solve-solution-ation-sion decide-decision-ion create-creation(2)形容词-名词ness happy-happiness large-largeness,词型转换,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,(3)名词-形容词-ful success-successful;-al nation-national(4)形容词-副词-ly effective-effectively calm-calmly(5)名词-动词 belief-believe,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,Exercise:*“冠词+(形容词)+名词”、“形容词+名词（不可数/可数名词复数）”I.动词-名词 1.I am sure the secretary who has just been hired will prove to be an efficient(employ)2.I cannot go shopping with you because I have an(appoint)with my dentist this afternoon.II.形容词-名词3.They fully recognized the enormous(strong)and influence of the union.,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,III.名词-名词4.My sister has recently got a job as a(reception)in a hotel.IV.名词-形容词5.Following the(success)settlement of the strike,the train service is now back to normal.6.The organization started a(nation)campaign against cigarette smoking in public places.,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,*系动词后需要形容词7.It is(reason)for parents to pay for their childrens education.V.形容词-动词8.We should read more and see more in order to(wide)our horizons.,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,*副词是用来修饰形容词、动词或整个句子的。9.They decided not to visit the Great Wall because it was raining(heavy).10.Application for this training course should be sent(direct)to the admission office.11.The little girl gave an(extreme)wonderful performance last night.,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,1.be worth doing 值得做2.look forward to doing sth 期盼做3.be surprised at 惊讶于4.to ones surprise 让某人惊奇的是5.be happy with sth 对感到满意6.insist on doing sth 坚持做,高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法,7.Beyond ones ability 超出某人的能力范围8.Spend(时间）in doing sth 花费时间做9.Keep ones eyes fixed on sth 一直盯着看10.succeed in doing sth 成功做成11.cannot/couldnt do anything but do“不能做只能做”12.would rather do sth.than do sth.“情愿做而不愿做另外一件事情”,