《翻译中的视角》PPT课件.ppt
Chapter Four 翻译中的视角转换,1.正反转换,1.1 由于两种语言表达方式和思维习惯不同，同一个概念，一种语言正面说，认为是合乎表达习惯的，另一种语言反着说更好一些。请看下面的例子：Matties hand was underneath,and Ethan kept his clasp on it a moment longer than was necessary.玛蒂的手在下面，伊坦把它握住，没有立刻就放。(吕叔湘)比较：玛蒂的手在下面，伊坦把它握住，握得比必要的时间长了一会儿。,英译汉正转反：,(1)He was absent from his own country last year.他去年不在自己的国家里。(2）Stop talking nonsense!别胡说八道！(3)Keep in lane!请勿换道!(4)Please tender exact fare.恕不找零。,英译汉反转正：,(1)No smoking!严禁吸烟！(2)We must never stop taking an optimistic view of life.我们要永远对生活抱乐观态度。,1.2 注意含否定意义的英语表达法,英语表达否定意义除了通过使用一些明显表示否定意义的副词和连接词以外，英语里还有大量的短语或搭配暗含否定意义，如“far from,other than”等。在翻译时，灵活使用这些表达，可以使语言更灵活地道。(1)He is the last person to accept a bribe.他决不会接受贿赂。(2)那里的县委不了解实情。The County Party Committee there is ignorant of what happened.,(3)事实真相同你想的完全不同。The truth is quite other than what you think.（4）毋庸置疑，中国的航空航天工业在过去的四十年中已取得了辉煌的成就。It is beyond doubt that China has made brilliant achievements in aviation and space industry in the last forty years.,2.主动与被动转换,英语大量使用被动语态，主要形式是助动词be+过去分词。汉语很少使用被动语态，即使用，也不像英语那样有统一，固定的构成形式。主要有两种表现形式：一种是含有“被，受，挨，遭，给，为，叫”等字样；第二种是用主动态表达被动含义，此种形式大量存在。如：“飞鸟尽，良弓藏；狡兔死，走狗烹”。在英汉互译中，常常要变换语态。,(1)Heat is constantly produced by the body as a result of muscular and cellular activity.由于肌肉和细胞活动的结果，身体不断地产生热。(2)There will be a Teaching Symposium at 7:00 p.m.today.All the faculty is expected to attend.今天晚上7点钟开教学会，全体教师务必参加。,转换技巧：1、译成汉语主动句 1.1 形式上是主动句，表达被动意义(1)Anothermiddleschoolhasbeenset upinourdistrict 我们区又办了一所中学。(2)Many voices have been raised demanding the setting up of an Arab common market.许多人要求建立一个阿拉伯共同市场。,1.2 译成带表语的主动句“是（的）”。(1）Thedecisiontoattackwasnottakenlightly.进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。（2）The avenue was lined with neatly-spaced plane trees.马路两旁是整齐的梧桐树。,1.3含主语从句的被动句型译为主动句以it作形式主语的英语句子，翻译时常要转为主动形式，有时可加上“有人”、“大家”、“我们”等不确定主语。例如：(1)Itissuggestedthatmeetingbeputofftill nextMonday。有人建议会议推迟到下星期一举行。(2)Itiswellknownthatnaturallightisactually madeupofmany colors 众所周知，自然光其实是由许多种颜色构成的。,这类句型还有：Itissaidthat.据说，有人说，人们说；Itshould be pointed outthat.必须指出的是；Itmustbeadmittedthat.必须承认,1.4 译成汉语被动句 汉语句中有“被”、“获”、“遭受”等词。（1）NorthChinawashitbyanunexpectedheavyrain，whichcausedsevereflooding.华北地区遭受了一场意外的大雨袭击，引起了严重的水灾。（2）He was released immediately after Bastista fled Cuba.在巴蒂斯塔逃离古巴后，他马上获释。,1.5 译成“把”、“使”和“由”字句（1）Thefamoushotelhadbeenpracticallydestroyedbythefire.大火使这家著名的旅馆几乎全部毁坏。（2）Theplanisgoingtobeexaminedfirstbythe researchgroup。计划将先由研究小组加以研究。,1.6 译成无主语句（1）Somemeasuresmustbetakentocontrolthewaterpollution.必须采取某些措施来控制水污染。（2）Meanwhile refreshments had been served.说话时，已摆了茶果上来。,练习：,1）The visitor was flattered and impressed.这位客人受宠若惊，深为感动。2）He was described as impressed by Dengs flexibility.据说他为邓的灵活态度所感动。3)全国同胞们，中华人民共和国现已宣告成立。Fellow-countrymen,the founding of the Peoples Republic of China is proclaimed.4)当下众人七言八语。By now proposals of all kinds were being made.,Thanks！,
