Lecture5习语的翻译.ppt

习语的翻译,习语,包括固定搭配使用的词组或短语、成语、典故、俚语、歇后语、谚语、格言等。从广义上说,习语是语言的精华。它所承载的文化信息特别集中,并且带有强烈的民 族文化特色。,中英习语文化特色的比较,思维方式的不同由于东西方之间自然与社会条件差别极大,人们形成了不同的思维模式。英语强调个体、逻辑,而不是主语,并习惯于抽象思维;汉语则强调整体、直觉和主语,并常运用具体形象思维。,Justice has long arms“天网恢恢,疏而不漏法律有长长的胳膊（缺乏美感）,宗教信仰的不同,东西方不同的宗教信仰在英汉习语中会得到不同的反映。西方人大都信仰基督教,因此习语中常有“God”、“devil”此类的词出现。如:“God helps those who help themselves”,“Talk of the devil and the devil will appear”等。另外,源自圣经的习语也随处可见,如:“hide ones light under the bushel”,“An eye for an eye,a tooth for a tooth”,“raise Cain”,“the writing/handwriting on the wall”等等。中国人信仰佛教,所以一些习语中常有“佛”、“菩萨”之类的词。如“佛要金装,人要衣装”,“平时不烧香,临时抱佛脚”,“泥菩萨过河,自身难保”等。,谋事在人,成事在天Man proposes,God disposesMan proposes,Heaven disposes,心理联想的比较,同一种形象在不同的文化国度中会有不同的联想意义。例如vinegar在汉语中的比喻联想意义是“忌妒”“醋劲大发”、“醋坛子”、“醋罐子”等;而在英语中它的联想意义是“bad temper”或“being unhappy”。如“His resort was delivered with a strong note of vinegar”,译成正确的汉语应为“他怒气冲冲地进行了回击”。,习语翻译中文化特色处理的技巧,1.直译法(包括直译加注或解释语)直译即在比喻意义不改变的情况下将原语习语中的形象直接译成译语。只要能被译语读者理解和接受,直译通常是最好的方法。它不仅能够几乎完整地保留原语习语的文化特色,也能够丰富译语的语言文化。,直译法,金元外交“dollar policy”大棒加胡萝卜政策“a stick_and_carrot policy”时间就是金钱“Time is money”paper tigers 纸老虎An inch of time is an inch of gold一寸光阴一寸金A gentleman uses his tongue,not his fists君子动口不动手,to tread on thin ice如履薄冰as clear as crystal像水晶一样透明as light as a feather轻如鸿毛 bull market牛市 Bear market 熊市 tower of ivory象牙之塔,直译加注,然而简单的直译有它的局限性,有时需加注或解释语来保留其文化特色。如:a bull in a china shop公牛闯进瓷器店肆意捣乱While it may seem to be painting the lily,I should like to add somewhat to Mr.Alistair Cookes excellent article.我想给阿里斯太尔库克先生的杰作稍加几笔,尽管这也许是为百合花上色,费力不讨好。,the Trojan horse 特洛伊木马(特洛伊战争时，希腊人把战士藏在木马里混进特洛伊城，从而攻下该城。该习语指代内部颠覆者或内部破坏集团)。Marry in May me for aye.五月结婚，永远悔恨(源于古罗马诗人Ovid的一首诗，其中一行的大意是:The comon people say it is bad luck to marry in May.根据西方迷信，五月结婚不吉不幸)。,意译法,当直译、直译加注或解释语都不能准确传达习语的比喻意义时,意译法则可被使用。如:Christ is leading a dogs life.1)克里斯过着狗一样的日子。2)克里斯过着非人的生活。3）克里斯过着猪狗不如的日子。,A shall bill wants but a shall nest燕雀无鸿鹄之志Take not the musket to kill a butter fly杀鸡焉用牛刀This product has became our canpany s milk cav.该产品已成为我们公司的摇钱树。,as like as two peas一模一样draw one s blood伤人感情/惹人生气hang on sb.s sleeve依赖某人hang on sb.s lips对某人言听计从make a monkey of sb.愚弄某人,红楼梦中的习语翻译,香菱笑道:“好姑娘,趁着这个工夫,你教给我作诗罢。”宝钗笑道:“我说你得陇望蜀呢。(曹雪芹2007:572)霍译:Bao-chai laughed.Youre like the famous general:“one conquest breeds appetite for another”.(Hawkes&Minford 1973(vol.2):453)杨译:“The more you get,the more you want!”chuckled Baochai.(Yang&Yang 2003(vol.II):969)乔译:“I say”,Pao-chai laughed,“you no sooner,get the Lung state than you long for the Shu”!(Joly 1893(Book II):382-383),“得陇望蜀”源自后汉书岑彭传,光武帝刘秀使岑彭等率军攻打隗嚣所占的西城、上邽两地,并说:“两城若下,便可带兵南击蜀虏。人苦不知足,既平陇,复望蜀。”后来用“得陇望蜀”其比喻义,这里宝钗是说香菱得寸进尺、贪心不足。Hawkes用like the famous general(像那个著名的将军一样)试图译出这条成语背后的故事,后边用one conquest breeds appetite for another解释“征服一处又渴望另一处”,比较恰当地传达了成语的意义。杨译的The more you get,the more you want!更是简单明了地表达了成语的隐含意义,虽然The more.,the more.不算习语,但独特的结构似乎也符合汉语成语音美、形美的特征。Joly只从字面翻译的you no sooner,get the Lung state than you long for the Shu,如不对Lung和Shu加以注释说明,读者很难体会其意义。,凤姐道:“我哪里照管得这些事,见识又浅,口角又笨,心肠又直率,人家给个棒槌,我就认作针。(曹雪芹2007:180)霍译:Iam not much of a manager really,said Xi-feng.I havent got the knowledge,and Im too poor at expressing myself and too simple-mindedalways inclined to“take a ramrod for a needle”,as they say.(Hawkes&Minford 1973(vol.1):307)杨译:“Im incapable of running things”,she sighed.“Im too ignorant,blunt and tactless,always getting hold of the wrong end of the stick.(Yang&Yang 2003(vol.I):291)乔译:“How could I control all these manifold matters”,remarked lady Feng:“my experience is so shallow,my speech so dull and my mind so simple,that if any one showed me a club,I would mistake it for a pin.(Joly 1892(Book I):228),“人家给个棒槌,我就认作针”是一条谐音双关的歇后语,歇底“我就认作针”的“针”谐“真”音,比喻实心人容易上当受骗。要保证原文的结构特征和语义,只能意译,即省去前半部的比喻,译出后半部的实际意思。杨译用一条习语get hold of the wrong end of the stick(意为“误解、理解错误”)简单明了地译出了原文的语义。相比之下,霍译和乔译仍从字面直译“针”,都没有体现“认真”之意。,水浒传中习语的翻译,鲁智深呵呵大笑道:“男人当婚女人当嫁。这是人伦大事，五常之礼，何故烦恼？”Sagacious laughed:Men and wamen all must marry.Its an important event in every persons life and perfectly nomal!What is there to be up set about?“三纲”、“五常”是中国儒家学说中用以维护封建道德的教条。译文读者对此不大可能有所了解，译者将“人伦人事”、“五常之礼”合二为一译做an important event in every person s life算是传达了深层含义。,宋江见晃盖死了，如丧考妣一般，哭得发昏。To Song Jiang it was as if he had lost one of his parents.He cried until he was faint.“考妣，指父母，“如丧考姚”形容伤心痛公“就像死了父母一样”，中国人讲究“孝”，父母的去世是人生最大的悲痛，此处作者用其来描述宋江对晃盖之死的强烈反映。译者将之译为lose one ofhis parents简单易懂，传达了等值的语用含义。,“三十六计，走为上计”。若不快走时，更待甚么!Of all the thirty-six possible solutions,the best one is leave.”Get out quickly!Dont delay!三十六计，走为上计”译作Of all the thirty-six possible solutions,the best one is leave.这样一来，译文读者不仅能得到对原文的正确理解，且能获得新的信息，对异域文化增添新的了解，却又没有超负荷的阅读负担，从而使得交际得以顺利完成。,谢谢观赏,