《图像的分析与》PPT课件.ppt

第十章 图像的分析与扫描,Chapter10 Image Analysis And Scanning,本章要点,掌握图形色彩的组成、阶调定标、灰平衡的再现以及清晰度调节等掌握由各种类型的图像扫描和色彩校正，包括黑白图像的扫描、如何将彩色图像转化为黑白图像、如何生成双色调图像以及人物肤色的扫描等,Learning Points,Master the composition of graphic color,tone calibration,gray balance reproduction,and clarity of regulation,Master the various types of image scanning and color correction,including the black and white image scanning,how to color images into black and white images,how to generate two-tone color of the scanned images and characters,etc.,10.1原稿的划分,几乎所有的原稿或图像都可以被划分为7个区域，这种划分有利于图像中色彩或灰度的分布，其中亮调、中间调以及暗调是完成色彩调节的3个主要区域。,10.1Original division,Almost all of the manuscript or image can be divided into seven regions,which benefit the delineation of the image color or gray scale distribution,additional bright tone,middle tone and dark color tone are the 3 main areas to Complete color adjustment.,10.1.1判断图像的色调,不是所有的图像都包括全部色调。色调特征也决定了某些主要调整，以确保图形能够获得较好的对比度和细微层次。下面以3种类型的图像为例，具体说明如下：1.亮调为主的图像 2.中间调为主的图像 3.暗调为主的图像,10.1.1Determine the color image,Not all images are included in all colors.Hue also determines some of the major adjustments to ensure that the graphics can get better contrast and subtle level.The following types of images of 3,for example,specify the following:1.Bright tone-based image2.Halftone images based3.Darkened image-based,10.1.2辨别扫描后图像的品质,通过信息调板可判断图像高光/暗调区域像素点的亮度值，由于进行色彩校正时往往会损失一些信息，因此制作过程中就必须保证在信息损失的情况下还能够再现原稿风格及特点，根据经验，高光区像素值大概240.最暗处像素值大约为10，这时表明此图已包含“足够”的信息。,10.1.2Identify The Quality Of Scanned Images,Through information palette to judge the image high light/dark tone region pixel brightness value,as a result of color correction,they often lose some information,so the production process to guarantee that the information loss of cases,can reproduce original style and features According to experience,high-light district pixel value of around 240.the most dark pixels is about 10,then show that this figure includes adequate information.,10.1.3辨别图像的主色调,不同主色调的图像在进行色彩校正时处理方法也各不相同。在编辑工作进行以前，应该先判断图像的主色调。在Photoshop中通过执行“窗口直方图”命令来辨别。,10.1.3Identify the images main colors,Different main colors of the image processing method when doing color correction is also different.Before editing work,should first determine the images main colors.In Photoshop,through the implementation of Window Histogram command to identify.,亮调为主图像的直方图,中间调为主图像的直方图,暗调为主图像的直方图,Light tone histogram-based image,Halftone image of the histogram-based,Darkened histogram-based image,10.1.4在Photoshop中确定高光点/暗调点,要进行高光/暗调的调整，首先要正确选择高光点/暗调点。在Photoshop中打开一张图，分别通过“色阶”或”曲线”两种方式来确定图像的最亮点和最暗点。,10.1.4 Identify High Points Of Light/Dark Transfer Point In Photoshop,To adjust high-light/dark tone,first of all should choose the right high points of light/dark transfer point.Open a picture in Photoshop,namely through the Levels or curves in two ways to determine the image of the most bright and most dark spots.,最亮点 通过“色阶”确定：在“色阶”分布图中，单击“输入色阶”中的白三角向左慢慢移动，如图10-1-4，首先出现白色的地方就是最亮点，即白场。通过“曲线”确定：选择吸管工具，在画布上按住吸管移动，观察图所示对话框下方的输入和输出读数，当它们为最亮像素值时，这一点便是图像的最亮点。,The most Highlights Through the Levels OK:In the Levels map,click the Input Levels in the white triangle to the left slowly moving,as Figure 10-1-4,first place there is the most bright white,white field.Through the curve to determine:Select sucker tool,hold down the canvas straw move,observe the bottom of the dialog box shown in Figure 10-1-4 the input and output readings,when they for the most bright pixel value,this is the image of the most Highlights.,图10-1-4,Figure 10-1-4,最暗点 通过“色阶”确定：在“色阶”分布图中，单击“输入色阶”中的黑三角向右慢慢移动，首先出现黑色的地方就是最暗点，即黑场。通过“曲线”确定：选择吸管工具，在画布上按住吸管移动，观察图所示对话框下方的输入和输出读数，当它们为最低像素值时，这一点便是图像的最暗点。,Darkest pointThrough the Levels OK:In the Levels map,click the Input Levels in the black triangle to the right slowly move,the first place there is the most dark black spots,or black market.Through the curve to determine:Select sucker tool,hold down the canvas straw move,observe the bottom of the dialog box shown in Figure 10-1-4 the input and output readings,when they minimum pixel value,it is the image of the most dark point.,图10-1-4,图10-1-4,使用自动方式设定高光/暗调“色阶”及“曲线”对话框中都设置了“自动”按钮，可以自动定义最亮及最暗处的像素点，然后按比例重新分布内部的像素点。,Use automated partten setting high light/dark toneLevels and Curves dialog box are set the Auto button,can automatically define the most light and most dark pixels,and then re-distributed in proportion to the inner pixel.,10.2原稿的复制特点,10.2.1 国画,何靖泉作品,10.2Original Manuscript copy features,10.2.1 Chinese painting,He Jingquan works,10.2.2 水彩画,吴忠正作品,10.2.2 Watercolor,Wuzhong works,10.2.3 彩色反转片,柯达E100G拍摄样张,10.2.3 Color reversal film,Kodak E100G film proofs,10.2.4 彩色照片,10.2.4 Color photos,10.2.5 黑白照片,（美国）刘易斯.海因1908-1909年,10.2.5 Black and white photos,（United States)Lewis.Hein 1908-1909 years,10.3灰平衡,图像扫描是保证印刷质量的关键技术之一，在扫描复制过程中如何正确再现原稿中的灰平衡，是很重要的工作，它是实现阶调、层次和色彩再现的基础，通常所说的色彩管理系统也是以实现灰平衡为基点的。,10.3Gray Balance,mage scanning is the key technology to ensure print quality,one copy in the scanning process of the correct reproduction of the original manuscript of the gray balance is very important work,it is the realization of tone,the foundation level and color reproduction,commonly referred to as color management system in order to achieve gray balance is anchored to.,10.3.1灰平衡的来历,灰平衡是由印刷四色幽默的色偏引出的。从理论上讲，灰平衡的概念就是用一定数量的黄色、洋红及青色油墨依次进行印刷叠印，从视觉上得到灰色，就是再现了灰平衡。10.3.2 灰平衡的再现 1.高光区灰平衡的调整 2.中间调灰平衡的调整 3.暗调区灰平衡的调整,10.3.1The origins of gray balance,Gray balance is printed four-color humor from the color shift leads to.In theory,the concept of gray balance is to use a certain number of yellow,magenta and cyan ink overprint printing in turn,receive from the visual gray,is the reproduction of the gray balance.10.3.2 Gray balance reproduction 1.High-light district gray balance adjustment 2.Halftone gray balance adjustment 3.Darkened gray balance adjustment area,10.4关于颜色模式,通常扫描彩色图像都是以RGB模式进行的，主要是由于RGB的色域比较宽，可包含的采样信息多，能够真实完全地获得原稿信息；另外，由于CMYK模式与打印输出设备的色域及采样的黑版产生方式密切相关，因此在没有使用与后端相连的色彩管理系统时，一些扫描仪的CMYK模式为不可选项，此时只能以RGB模式进行扫描。,10.4About The Color Mode,Usually scanning image carry out in RGB color mode,mainly due to RGB color has wide color gamut,The sample can contain more information,can truly full access the original information;In addition,because CMYK mode and print output device color gamut and sampling method produced a black version of closely related,so do not use connected with the back-end color management system,some scanners can not be options for the CMYK mode,RGB mode at this time can only be scanned.,10.4.1RGB颜色模式,RGB模式的图像所占内存小，操作速度快，经校正的图像在存储时与所使用的显示器、计算机或输出设备无关，如果这些设备改变了，只需要简单改变显示器及印刷幽默设置的选项，这时再将RGB转换为CMYK进行输出。,10.4.2CMYK颜色模式,若扫描过程中采用了与后端印刷相应的色彩管理系统，扫描仪允许采样CMYK模式进行扫描，这样的图像在Photoshop中通常不作过多的调整，并且应该在CMYK模式下进行图像编辑。,10.4.1RGB color model,RGB images use a small percentage of memory,operating speed fast,the corrected image in the storage used by the monitor with the computer or output device-independent,if the equipment has changed,simply alter the display and set options for printing humor,then converted to CMYK to RGB output.,10.4.2CMYK color model,If the scanning process using the corresponding color printing with the back-end management system to allow sampling CMYK 模式 scanner to scan such images in Photoshop,usually without too much adjustment,and should be in CMYK mode for image editing.,10.5Photoshop提供的色彩调节命令,10.5.1 色阶调节 执行“图像调整色阶”命令，弹出对话框，通过此对话框可调节图像的反差，如图所示,图10-5-1,10.5Color Adjust Command,10.5.1 color Levels adjustment Execute the image adjustments Levels command,pop-up dialog box,this dialog box can be adjusted by the contrast of the image,as shown in Figure 10-5-1,Figure 10-5-1,10.5.2 曲线调节曲线命令可以调整灰调曲线中的每一点。,10.5.2 Curve AdjustmentCurves command adjusts the gray tone curve in every point.,S形曲线 S形曲线可以使相近的亮色调之间变化得自然，并且可以加大对比度。中间色调的变亮或变暗取决于原稿的曝光度和原稿的特点。,S-Shaped Curve S-shaped curve similar to the bright colors can vary naturally,and can increase the contrast.Intermediate colors brightened or dimmed depending on exposure and the original manuscript of the characteristics.,曲线对曝光的调整由于原稿的质量及扫描仪本身曝光量控制等问题的影响，造成了一些图像曝光不足或曝光过度。曝光不足：由于太暗而使图像的主要部分缺乏细微处层次，它主要表现在白点与亮调自己密度较大，黑点与暗调之间层次压缩丢失。曝光过度：由于图像太亮造成主要部分缺乏细节，它主要表现在白点与亮调之间的层次被压缩，黑点与暗调之间的密度较大。,The adjustment of the exposure curve As the original quality and exposure control of the scanner itself,the impact of such issues,resulting in a number of images underexposed or overexposed.Underexposure:As the major part of an image is too dark a lack of fine office level,it is mainly in the bright white point and transfer their higher density,black spots and the shadows between the level of compression loss.Overexposure:As the main part of the image too bright resulting lack of detail,it is mainly in white spots and bright tone is compressed between the level,tone and dark spots between the higher density.,10.6色彩平衡及校正,色彩平衡是指能够在色彩空间进行的调整，这些调整可以通过曲线和阶调等方法来完成。色彩平衡是对单独的色彩进行改变，但是改变的同时也会间接影响到其他图像中的颜色。,10.6Color Balance And Correction,Color balance refers to the color space adjustments,these adjustments can tone curves and other methods to complete.Color balance is a single color to change,but change will also indirectly affect other image color.,10.6.1 色彩调节的原则 即对每个通道进行单独的调整，图像的调整可以对所有的颜色进行，也可以对单个通道进行调整，将所有的颜色都进行调整往往效果不好，因为图像色偏并不是所有的颜色都色偏，大多数偏一到两种颜色。而对单个通道进行调整，可以根据具体的情况来调整色彩和细微层次。,10.6.1 The principle of color adjustment That is separate for each channel adjustments,image adjustment can be carried out on all the colors can also be adjusted on a single channel,will adjust all the colors are often ineffective,because not all of the color image color cast are color cast,most of the partial 1-2 kinds of colors.The adjustment of individual channels can be adjusted according to the specific circumstances of color and subtle level.,10.6.2 色偏校正 色偏是指图像的颜色和原有的色调不同，偏向红色和蓝色等。当看到图片倾向某种颜色时，不要盲目地去除这种颜色，应首先考虑图像的用途和图像的特点。色偏主要是集中在图像的主色调及反射高光上。,10.6.2 Hue Correction Hue is the color and the original image with different colors,red and blue and so biased.Towards a certain color when you see the picture,do not remove the color blind,should first consider the use of images and image features.Hue is mainly concentrated in the image of the main colors and the reflection of light on high.,10.7如何选择最佳的图像分辨率,分辨率决定了扫描仪所记录的图像的精细程度，单位是ppi。较高的分辨率可以提高图像的质量，但分辨率过大会使图像文件过大，处理速度慢，因此在选择扫描分辨率时，需要综合考虑扫描图像的类型和用途。印刷时所用的分辨率是用lpi来度量的。,10.7How To Choose The Best Image Resolution,Resolution determines the recorded image scanner fine degree,the unit is ppi.Higher resolution can improve the image quality,but the resolution had the General Assembly to make an image file is too large,slow speed,so when in the choice of scanning resolution,is necessary to consider the type of scan images and use.Printing resolution is used to measure the lpi.,10.8黑白图像的扫描,10.8.1 黑白图像的扫描在扫描黑白线条图像的时候，经常会提到一个问题：“究竟应该用线稿模式还是灰度模式进行扫描”。如果需要扫描的原稿是一幅完全没有灰度层次，只有黑白线条的图像，则应选择线稿模式。如果扫描的原稿是一幅黑白的半色调图像，则应该选择灰度模式，半色调图像是指只有黑、白两色，没有灰度层次的图像。,10.8Scanning Black And White Images,10.8.1 Scanning Black And White Images Scanning black and white images in the time line,often referred to the question:What should be issued with a line scan mode or grayscale mode.If you need to scan the original is a totally gray level,only black and white lines of the image,you should select the line of draft mode.If the scanned original is a black and white half-tone images,you should select the gray scale,halftone image is only black and white,no gray-level image.,10.8.2 如何消除线条图像的锯齿一种是将扫描的模式选为灰度；一种方法是使用Photoshop提供的功能，先将图像转化为灰度，执行高斯模糊，最后执行曲线命令，可达到消除锯齿的目的。,10.8.2 How to eliminate the jagged line image One is to scan the pattern selected grayscale;One way is to use Photoshop to provide the functionality,first image into gray,the implementation of Gaussian blur,the final implementation of the curve order,the purpose of eliminating jagged.,10.8.3 将彩色图像转化为黑白图像从彩色图像模式转化为灰度模式的方法有以下几种：1.通过Lab模式将图像转化为灰度图像2.在RGB模式中将图像转化为灰度图像3.在CMYK模式中将图像转化为灰度图像,10.8.3 Convet The Color Image Into Back And White Images Convert the color image into grayscale mode methods are the following:1.Through the Lab mode converted to grayscale image 2.In RGB mode will be converted to grayscale image 3.In CMYK mode will be converted to grayscale image,10.9 在Photoshop中生成双色调图像双色的图像是指使用两种以上的油墨所印刷出来的黑白效果的图像，采用这种方法可以提高图像的细微层次和色彩深度。关于双色调双色调可以用于来增加灰度灰度图像的阶调范围。使用双色调后将使图像梯阶更分发，画面更细致。,10.9 Generate Two-tone Mages In PhotoshopColor image is the use of two or more of the ink by printing out black and white images,this approach can improve the image of the fine level and color depth.About two-toneTwo-tone gray scale can be used to increase the range of gray tone images.After the two-tone images using the ladder will be more distributed,more detailed images.,选择双色调类型在双色调选项对话框的类型弹出菜单中，提供了4种着色方式：单色调、双色调、三色调和四色调。,Select type of two-tone Options dialog box in two-tone type of pop-up menu provides a 4 color mode:single color,double color,three colors and four colors.,10.9.1 双色调曲线的调整在选择油墨时可以调整曲线，这一曲线代表了相应油墨在图像的亮调、中间调以及暗调的分布，调整后的网点百分比代表了印刷时在相应阶调处实际采用的网点值。,10.9.1 Two-tone curves adjustmentIn the choice of ink you can adjuste curve,this curve represents the corresponding ink in the image of the bright tone,middle tone and dark tone of the distribution,the adjusted percentage represents the network printing order mediation in the corresponding value of the actual use of the network.,10.9.2 关于压印颜色压印颜色是指一色油墨直接印在另一色油墨上产生的色彩效果。,10.9.2 About Imprint Color Imprint color is the same color ink printed in another color ink directly to generate the color effects.,10.9.3 双色调的存储和置入设定在双色调选项对话框中设定完双色调曲线、油墨设置以及压印颜色后，可单击“存储”按钮将这些信息存储起来。当其他的灰度图像要采用同样的效果时，可单击“载入”按钮，将以前存储的信息置入。,10.9.3 Storage and placed in two-tone set Options dialog box in two-tone two-tone curve in the complete set,ink settings,and imprint colors,you can click the Store button to the information stored.When the other grayscale images to the same effect,they can click Load button to previously stored information into.,10.9.4 形成多色调图像的注意事项1.要选择适当深度的颜色作为图像的颜色。2.如果原稿的主题是以暗色调为主，那么所选择的应该是比较深的颜色，反之则选择较浅颜色。3.为一幅较为平淡的图片选择颜色是一件比较困难的工作，过亮或过暗都会造成不好的效果。,10.9.4 The Note of multi-tone imageselect the appropriate depth of color as color images.If the original theme is mainly dark colors,then the choice should be a relatively deep color,otherwise choose lighter colors.Selecting color for a rather plain picture is a more difficult task,too bright or too dark will cause adverse effects.,10.10 人物肤色的扫描图像中人物的肤色会因环境光线的变化而变化，所以这一直成为扫描者最头疼的问题。10.10.1 调整人物的肤色和阶调通过信息调板，在图像中确定一个既不明亮也不暗淡的中间调部分作为参考点，当然这个颜色不能代表图像的整体色调。要观察人物的肤色，除了控制其颜色外，还要对图像之间的阶调变化加以控制。,10.10 People Color Scanning People color in images changes as ambient light changes,so this has been a scan most headache.10.10.1 to adjust the color and tone character Through information palette,the image is neither bright nor dim to set a tone in the middle part as a reference point,of course,the colors do not represent the overall image tone.To observe people of color,in addition to control the color,but also the degree of difference between the,10.10.2 调整图像的对比度 人物照片中对比度的强弱大部分受图像中环境光线的影响。,10.10.2 Adjust the contrast of the image Contrast people pic