《名词性从句用》PPT课件.ppt

名词性从句,Noun Clauses,His job is important.,What he does is important.,This is his job.,This is what he does every day.,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,主语,表语,I dont like his job.,I dont like what he does every day.,I dont know about the man,Mr.White.,I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.,宾语,同位语,名词性从句,名词性从句1.主语从句2.宾语从句3.表语从句4.同位语从句,-从句作名词,-从句作宾语,-从句作主语,-从句作表语,-从句作同位语,1.主语从句定义：主语从句在句中作主语。位置：1.放在主句谓语动词之前 Who did that is known to all.That he got the first prize is inspiring.That he will come is certain.2.当主语从句较长时，多放在句子后部，用 it 作形式主语。It is inspiring that he got the first prize.Its reported that no one was killed in the earthquake.,以it作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用句型有：,1.It+be+形容词+that从句,certain clear important necessary probable possible,that clause,It is/was,1.It is certain that she will do well in her exam.2.It is probable that he will tell me everything.,他一定会在考试中取得好成绩。他很可能会告诉我一切。,2、It+be+名词+that从句,pity shame duty,(1)It is a pity that we cant go.(2)It is no surprise that our team should have won the game.,that clause,It is/was a,3、It+be+过去分词+that从句,said reported thought hoped believed known,It is,that clause,(1)It is said that he is the best student in the class.(2)It is thought that Joe drives badly.,据说他是班里最好的学生。大家认为Joe开车技术很遭。,4、It+seem,happen,appear等不及物 动词+that从句。(1)It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.(2)It happened that I was out that day.,2.宾语从句 定义：从句充当宾语1）.作动词的宾语They pretended that they were reading in the room.I didnt know what they were talking about.Do you know why winter is colder than summer?He couldnt tell where his home was.John made the boy sit still,promising that nothing would hurt him.,2）、用作介词的宾语从句：I was pleased by what he told me.He always pays attention to whatever the teacher says.He told of how he helped the old woman to find her missing son.,这类形容词常见的有sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied等。I am sure that he will succeed.I am glad that you can come and help me.,3）、用作某些形容词的宾语从句：,注意：如果宾语从句后边还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。如：,(1)We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.(2)He has made it clear that anyone who breaks the law is to be punished.,这种句型的谓语动词有think,make,feel,find,consider,believe,3.表语从句 定义：表语从句在句中作表语，位于主句中的系动词之后。The question is who can complete the difficult task.The problem is how we can get there on time.,4.同位语从句 定义：同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容，可跟同位语从句的名词主要有fact,news,hope,truth,idea,suggestion,thought,question,order,problem,belief,doubt,fear等。引导同位语从句的连词通常有that和whether,what,why,how等。The news that our team has won the match is true.His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.,(1)They expressed the hope that they would come over to visit China again.(2)We all know the truth that the earth goes round the sun.(3)The fact that she had not said anything surprised all of us.(4)They asked me the question whether the work was worth doing.(5)They problem whether it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.,注意：同位语从句和定语从句的区别是：前者说明名词的内容，后者说明名词的性质特征；前者所用连词that不是从句的一个成分，后者所用关系代词that是从句中的一个成分。,试比较：He put forward the suggestion that the second question should be discussed first.The suggestion that he had put forward was turn down.,（同位语从句）,（定语从句）,比较下面两个例句:The suggestion(that)he raised at the meeting is very good.The suggestion that the students(should)have plenty of exercise is very good.I had no idea that you were here.Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?,（that引导同位语从句）,（that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略）,（that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略）,（that引导同位语从句,不能省略）,（1）语序 在名词性从句中，从句一律使用陈述语序。特别要注意由连接代词和连接副词引导的从句(what,who,which,when,where,now,why等),不可用特殊疑问句的影响而用了疑问句语序。,(1)I wonder who she is.(2)The question is when well complete the works.(3)Whether she is coming or not doesnt matter too much.,（2）时态：从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词的时态一致关系。,在宾语从句中，当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句可以根据需要用各种时态。如：,Mary says that,Tom isnt lazy.Tom is doing well in his lesson.She will ask Tom some questions.Tom may fall behind the others.,She missed us very much.She was writing a letter.She would visit the Great Wall.,She said that,如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时，则宾语从句须用过去的某种时态。如：,如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理，其谓语动词则仍用一般现在时。如：,(1)The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound.(2)The old man said the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.,4、几组易混引导词的区别。,(1)What 与 that 在句词性从句中，what和that都可作关连词，其区别在于：what在从句中要充当某个成分（主语、宾语或表语等）,因此在任何情况下都不能省略，表示“什么”，所的事（物、话），相当于the thing that或which。that本身没有词汇意义，在名词从句中不充当任何成分，在口语和非正式文体中，宾语从句中的that经常省略。如：,(1)What you have done might do harm to others.(2)What caused the accident is a complete mystery.(3)I think(that)you will like the stamps.,2、whether与if if 仅用于引导动词宾语从句.3、because与why because与why均可引导表语从句，但含义不同。because引导的表语从句说明理由。而why引导的表语从句是在前面已说明了理由的情况下加以小结。如：,(1)I think its because youre doing too much.(2)He was ill.That is why he was late for school.(3)The reason why he was late was that he was ill.,