《精气血津液》PPT课件.ppt

1,2,第三节 精、气、血、津液Essence,Qi,Blood and Body Fluids,中山医科大学附属第三医院中医科 李 林2009年3月,授课时数（8年制）：2学时,3,教 材,全国高等学校教材供基础、临床、预防、口腔医学类专业用中医学第7版主编 李家邦副主编 高鹏翔 刘义海人民卫生出版社出版1983年11月第2版2008年1月第7版第40次印刷,4,教学要求,1、掌握气的概念、生成、分类、运动形式及 功能。2、掌握精、血、津液的概念、生成及功能。3、熟悉气与血之间的关系。4、了解精与血、气与津液之间的关系。,5,概 述,精、气、血、津液是构成人体和维持人体生命活动的基本物质，是脏腑、经络等组织功能活动的物质基础，其生成、输布、排泄的代谢过程又依赖于脏腑、经络等组织的生理活动功能。Essence,qi,blood and body fluids are the basic material to form and sustain life activities of the human body.The metabolism including generation,distribution and discharge depends on viscera and meridians.,6,【精】Essence,一、名词术语 Terms 1.先天之精 Innaete essence 指源于父母的生殖之精，与生俱来，是生命发生的本原,是人体生长发育和生殖的物质基础。It refers to the refined material before birth,mainly the reproductive essence from parents,is the origin of life,and the material basis for the human bodys growth,development and reproduction.,7,2.后天之精 Acquired essence 指源于脾胃所化生的水谷之精 It refers to the refined material after birth,mainly the essence from food generated by the spleen and stomach.,8,精是构成人体并维持人体生命活动的基本物质，由禀受于父母的先天之精和后天水谷之精相融合而成。Essence refers to the basic material to form and sustain life activities of the human body,consisting of innate essence from parents and acquired food essence.,二、精的概念 Essence of essence,9,三、精的生成 Generation of essence,禀受于父母 先天之精 From parents Innate essence 来源于水谷 后天之精 From food Acquired essence,精Essence,融合Combination,胚胎The embryo,脾胃The spleenand stomach,一身之精 Essence of the whole body,10,四、精的功能 Functions of essence,生殖繁衍 Reproduction 肾精是繁衍后代的物质基础 Kidney essence is the material basis for reproduction生长发育 Growth and development 肾精是生长壮老的物质基础 Kidney essence is the material basis for the life process of birth,growth,maturity and old,11,生髓化血 Generating marrow and blood生髓-肾精是生髓的物质基础 Generating marrow Kidney essence is the material basis for marrow generation 化血 Generating blood 肾精化生血 Kidney essence generating blood 水谷之精化生血 Food essence generating blood 充养周身充实脏腑组织、滋养全身 Nourishing the bodySupplementing viscera and tissues to the whole body,12,【气】Qi,一、名词术语 Terms 元气 Original qi：又称“原气”，禀于先天，藏于肾中，赖后天精气以充养，是维持人体生命活动的原动力，具有推动人体生长发育，温煦和激发脏腑、经络等组织器官的功能 It is also known as primitive qi,inherited from parents,stored in kidneys and nourished by acquired essence,the primary force of life activities with functions of promoting growth and development of the human body,warming and stimulating viscera,meridians and constituents.,13,宗气 Pectoral qi：由肺吸入的自然界清气与脾胃化生的水谷精气结合而成，积聚于胸中，灌注于心肺，具有司呼吸、行气血的功能。It is the qi accumulated inside the chest and transformed from the food essence generated by the spleen and clear qi inhaled by the lung,perfusing the heart and lung with functions of governing respiration and circulating blood and qi.,14,营气 Nutritive qi:由饮食水谷所化生的精气，行于脉中，具有化生血液，营养周身的功能。It is the qi circulating inside vessels generated from the nutritive part of food essence with the function of generating blood to nourish the whole body.,15,卫气 Defensive qi 由饮食水谷所化生的悍气，行于脉外，具有温煦和卫护机体、抗御外邪，以及主司汗孔开合的功能。It is the qi circulating along vessels externally generated from the vigorous and active part of food essence with functions of warming and defending the body from invasion of exogenous pathogens as well as governing open and closure of sweat pores.,16,二、气的概念,气是具有很强活力，不断运动的极精细的物质，是构成人体和维持人体活动的基本物质。气敷布于全身，是脏腑、经络形体、官窍生理功能的物质基础。Qi is the vigorous and refined material and the mose basic material to form and sustain life activities of the human body.Qi distributes to the whole body,and is the material basis for physiological function of viscera,meridians,body constituents and sense organs and orifices.,17,三、气的生成,自然之气(肺)脏腑之气Clear qi(The lung)Visceral qi 水谷之气(脾)经络之气Food essence(The spleen)Meridian qi先天之气(肾)营气Innate qi(The kidneys)Nutritive qi 卫气 Defensive qi,一身之气Qi of the whole body,分布全身 Distribution,相互融合Combination,18,四、气的运动 Movement of qi,19,五、气的功能 Functions of qi,（一）推动作用 Promoting 促进生长发育与生殖 Promoting growth,development and reproduction 激发脏腑组织的功能活动 Stimulating functions of viscera and tissues 推动血液、津液的生成、运行和代谢 Promoting generation,circulation and metabolism of blood and body fluid,20,（二）温煦作用 Warmig 维持恒定的体温 Maintaining constant body temperature 促进脏腑组织的功能活动 Promoting functions of viscera and tissues 维持血液、津液等液态物质的运行 Sustaining circulation of fluid such as blood and body fluid（三）防御作用 Defending 固护肌表，防御外邪 Consolidating body surface to defend invasion of exogenous pathogens 抗御外邪，驱邪外出 Defending exogenous pathogen and driving it out,21,（四）固摄作用 Consolidating 固摄体内液态物质，防止异常外泄 Consolidating body fluid to avoid loss 固摄内脏，保持恒定位置 Consolidating viscera to maintain a fixed location（五）气化作用 Qi transformation 促进脏腑经络的功能活动 Promoting functions of viscera and meridians 完成精、气、血、津液的代谢及相互转化 Promoting metabolism and inter-transformation among essence,qi,blood and body fluid,22,六、气的分类,先天之气源于父母元气(肾中)Innate qi From parent Original qi(kidneys)一身之气 Qi of the whole bod 宗气（胸中）自然清气 Pectoral qi(in the chese)后天之气 Clear qi 营气（脉中）Acquired qi Nutritive qi(inside vessels)水谷之气 卫气（脉外）Food essence Defensive qi(outside vessels),脏腑之气(脏腑之中)Visceral qi(viscera),经络之气(经络之中)Meridian qi(meridians),23,（一）元气 Original qi,生成 Generation 元气来源于先天，赖后天水谷精微的不断培育充养 Original qi is mainly from the innate source and under constant nourishment of acquired food essence.分布 Distribution 元气是先天之气，根源于肾，以三焦为道路而流行全身，内至五脏六腑，外达肌肤腠理，无所不至，无处不到。Original qi pertains to innate qi,rooted in kidneys,and distributes to the whole boy through the triple energizer to reach viscera internally and skin and interstices externally.,24,功能 Functions 藏于肾中之元气，可推动和调节人体的生长发育和生殖功能。Original qi in kidneys can promote and regulate the growth,development and reproduction of the human body.流布于周身之元气，可推动和激发各脏腑、经络、形体、官窍的生理活动。Original qi distributing inside the body can promote and stimulate physiological functions of viscera,meridians,body constituents,sense organs and orifices.,25,（二）宗气 Pectoral qi,生成 Generation 是由脾化生的水谷之精微，上输于肺，与肺吸入的自然之清气相互融合而生成。Pectoral qi is the combination of food essence,generated by the spleen and distributed to the lung,and the clear qi inhaled by lung.,26,分布 Distribution 主要分布在心肺，一是贯注心脉，二是布散于呼吸道。Pectoral qi mainly accumulates inside the chest,and the chest is the location of the heart and lung.功能 Functions 促进心脏推动血液运行 It assists the heart to promote blood circulation 维持肺司呼吸的功能 It sustains respiratory function of the lung,27,（三）营气 Nutritive qi,生成 Generation 主要来自于饮食，是由脾胃运化吸收的水谷精微中最富有营养的部分所生成的。Nutritive qi is mainly from food,generated form the most nutritious part of food essence generated by the spleen and stomach.,28,分布 Distribution 行于脉内 Inside vessels 功能 Functions 化生血液，营养周身 Generating blood and nourishing the whole body,29,（四）卫气 Defensive qi,生成 Generation 也来源于饮食水谷，是由脾胃运化吸收的水谷精微中刚悍滑利的部分所化生的气。Defensive qi is mainly generated from food,especially form the vigorous part of food essence that circulates rapidly.,30,分布 Distribution 行于脉外 Outside vessels功能 Functions 护肌表防外邪，温养脏腑皮毛，调节汗孔开合 Protecting body surface to avoid invasion of exogenous pathogens,warming viscera,skin and hair,regulating open and closure of sweat pore.,31,【血】Blood,一、名词术语 Terms 血 Blood：运行于脉管之中，循环流注于全身，具有营养和滋润作用的红色液体。It is the red fluid circulating inside vessels with functions of nourishing and moistening.血府 Blood house：血液汇聚运行在脉中，故称脉为“血府”。It is vessels that blood circulates inside,so it is known as blood house.,32,二、血的概念 Basic concept of blood,血是运行于脉管之中，循环流注于全身，具有营养和滋润作用的红色液体，也是构成和维持生命活动的基本物质。血与气相对而言，属性为“阴”，故又称“阴血”。Blood is the red fluid circulating inside vessels with functions of nourishing and moistening,and also the basic material to form and sustain life activities.Compared with qi,blood pertains to yin,so it is also known as yin blood.,33,三、血的生成 Generation of blood,Food essence水谷精微,饮食 Food,脾胃腐化Spleen and stomachs digestion,Nutritive qi营 气,津 液Body fluid,Kidney essence肾 精,Liver blood肝 血,Blood血,Ascending to the lung上输于肺,自然界清气 Clear qi from nature,Fransforminginto blood in the heart入心化赤,34,四、血的运行与脏腑的关系Relationship between blood circulation and viscera,Promoting推动作用,The heart governing vesselsPromoting blood circulation心主血脉-推动血液运行,The lung assembling vesselsAssisting the heart to circulate blood肺朝百脉-助心运行血液,Consolidating固摄作用,The liver governing smoothing flow of qiPromoting blood circulation肝主疏泄-促进血液运行,Spleen governing bloodConsolidating blood inside vessels脾主统血-固摄血行脉道,Regulating调节作用,The liver storing bloodStoring blood to regulate blood volume肝主藏血-贮藏调节血量,Normal blood circulation血液运行正常,35,五、血的功能 Functions of blood,（一）濡养营养滋润周身 Nourishing the whole body（二）化神充养精神活动 Nourishing mental activities,36,【津液】Body Fluids,一、名词术语 Terms 津液 Body Fluids：津和液的合称，是机体内一切正常水液的总称。It includes jin and ye,referring to the normal fluids inside the human body.,37,二、津和液的区别Difference between jin and ye,38,三、津液的代谢 Metabolism of body fluids,（一）生成 Generation,Food食物,Spleen and stomachs digesting脾胃腐化,Small intestine小 肠,Large instestine大 肠,Accepting and digesting food to separate the clear from the turbid受盛化物,泌别清浊,Transporting and transforming,absorb water传导变化,吸收水分,Body fluid津 液,39,（二）输布 Distribution of body fluids,Water enter in the stomach饮食入胃,Distributing water游溢精气,Spleen 脾,Ascending散精归上,Lung肺,Dispersing宣发,Head,face,muscle and skin 头面肌表,Descending肃降,Each viscera各个脏腑,Kidneys肾,Qi transformation气化,The clear 清,Urine尿液,Bladder 膀胱,The turbid 浊,Triple energizer is the passage,and the liver regulates qi movement三焦为通路,肝调畅气机,40,（三）排泄 Discharge of body fluids,Body fluid津 液,Lung governing dispersing 肺 主宣 发,Kidneys governing steaming肾 主 气 化,Large intestines transportation大 肠 传 导,Sweat and respiration汗液、呼吸,Turbid fluid浊液,Urine(Major step)小便(主要环节),Qi transformation of the b40ladder 膀胱气化,Bowels 大便,41,（四）功能 Functions of body fluids,润养全身 Nourishing the whole body化生血液 Transforming into blood调节阴阳 Regulating yin and yang排泄废物 Discharging waste productions,42,【精、气、血、津液之间的关系】Relationships among Essence,Qi,Blood and Body Fluids,43,名词术语 Terms,气为血之帅 Qi is the general of blood：气对血作用的概括，包括气生血、气行血、气摄血。It is the generalization of qis function on blood,including qi generating blood,qi circulating blood and qi consolidating blood.血为气之母：Blood is the mother of qi：血对气作用的概括，包括血生气、血载气。It is the generalization of bloods function on qi,including blood tonfiying qi and blood transporting qi.,44,气随津(液)脱Qi collapse due to loss of fluid:由于大吐、大泻、大汗等使津液大量流失，导致气无所依附，随之外泄的病变。Due to excessive vomiting,diarrhea,sweating,body fluids lost heavily,leading to qi depending on no places and losing.,45,（一）精与气的关系Relationship between essence and qi,精能化气 Essence generating qi 气能生精 Qi promoting essence generation,46,（二）精与血的关系 Relationship between essence and blood,精能化血 Essence generating blood 血能养精 Blood generating essence,47,（三）气与血的关系,气对血的作用,Qi is general of blood气为血之帅,Qi generating of blood气生血,Qi circulating blood气行血,Qi consolidating blood气摄血,Physiology:Nutritive qi generates blood and through qi transformation of viscera blood is generated生理:营气化血，脏腑气化生血,Pathology:Qi deficiency leads to blood deficiency病理：气虚引起血虚,Physiology:Qi is the promotive force for blood circulation 生理:气是血运行的动力,Pathology:Qi deficiency or qi stagnation leads to blood stasis 病理：气虚、气滞形成瘀血,Pathology:Qi deficiency leads to bleeding病理：气虚引起出血,Physiology:Qi consolidates blood inside vessels生理:气统摄血液行于脉内,48,血对气的作用Affection of qi on body fluids,Blood is the mother of qi血为气之母,Blood generating qi 血生气,Blood transporting qi血载气,Physiology:Blood generates qi生理:血液充养人体之气,Pathology:Blood deficiency leads to qi deficiency 病理：血少则气衰,Pathology:During severe bleeding,there would be qi loss following blood loss 病理：大出血时,常气随血脱,Physiology:Blood is the vehicle for qi circulation生理:血液是气的载体,49,（四）气与津液的关系Relationship between qi and body fluids,1.气对津液的作用 Affection of qi on body fluids气生津液 Qi generating body fluids气行津液 Qi promoting body fluids circulation 气摄津液 Qi consolidating body fluids 2.津液对气的作用 Affection of body fluids on qi,50,（五）血与津液的关系Relationship between blood and body fluids,血与津液在生理的关系，可概括为“津血同源”。The relationship between blood and body fluids can be generalized as homogeny of body fluids and blood.,51,复习思考题,1.简述先天之精与后天之精的概念.2.气的生理功能包括哪几方面的内容?3.气的分类如何?各种气的生理功能有何异同?4.血的生成与哪些脏腑相关?有何临床意义?5.津液代谢过程中与哪些脏腑相关?有何临床意义?,