《直译与意译问题》PPT课件.ppt

直译与意译Literal and Free,GROUP 2,WARM UP,浑水摸鱼 赴汤蹈火 随波逐流 缘木求鱼 挂羊头，卖狗肉 谋事在人，成事在天 空中楼阁 充耳不闻,To fish in troubled waterGo through fire and water.To go with the tide Seek a hare in a hens nest Cry up wine and sell vinegar Man proposes,God disposes.Castles in the air Turn a deaf ear to,对牛弹琴 竭泽而渔 易如反掌 口蜜腹剑 井底之蛙 史无前例 两败俱伤,To play the lute to a cow.To drain a pond to catch all the fish To be as easy as turning over ones hand To be honey-mouthed and dagger-hearted To be like a frog at the bottom of a wellTo be without precedent in historyBoth sides suffer./Both sides would be losers in the fight.,直译LITERALTRANS,直译指在翻译过程中按原文逐字逐句一对一的翻译（word-for-word translation）。直译能传达原文意义，忠实原文形式。直译决非死译。死译是翻译时是以词为单位进行考虑的，力求翻译目标语的每一个词都能与原语中的词绝对对等，这是一种“对号入座”式的翻译,下各例译文A均为典型的死译：（1）橱窗里摆着的是什么东西？A：Shop window in displayed is what thing?B：Whats that in the shop window?（2）好是很好，可是买这么多扇子干什么呀？A：Good is very good,but buy so many fans do what?B:It is good,but why do you buy so many fans?,（3）回国以后送给朋友。做得多精细啊！A：Return country after present friends.Made how delicate！B：Ill give them to my friends when I go home.Arent they delicately made?（4）Every atom of your flesh is as dear to me as my own;in pain and sickness it would still be dear.A：你的肉中的每一个原子，对我来说，都像我自己的一样亲；它即 使在病痛中，仍然是亲的。,B：在我看来，你身上的每一个细胞都像我自己的细胞一样亲；即使你痛苦你生病，也还是一样亲。,（5）It was an old and ragged moon.A：那是一个又老又破的月亮。（6）Being a teacher is being present at the creation,when the clay begins to breathe.A：当一名教师意味着是创造的见证人，他目睹人体开始呼吸。,B：这是一弯下弦残月。B：当一名教师就意味着目睹上帝造人的过程，目睹用泥土捏成的人体开始呼吸。,【2003年TEM8汉译英试题】得病以前,我受父母的宠爱,在家中横行霸道,一旦隔离,拘禁在花园山坡上的一幢小房子里,我顿感打入冷宫,十分郁郁不得志起来。【考生】Before I illed,my parents spoiled me,I was very autocratical（专横的）at home,but now isolated,I was custodied in a small house in the garden hill,suddenly,I felt very cold like in the ice house,very sad.,【改译】Before I fell ill,my parents doted on me a lot.I could have my way at home.Once I was isolated and confined in a chamber on the hillside of the garden,I suddenly felt I was neglected and became very depressed.,意译 FREE TRANS,意译 是指根据将于安稳的意思完整地表达，要求达意传神(sense-for sense translation)。意译更能够体现出本民族的语言特征。例如习语、诗词、成语等的翻译，常常通过意译来达到“信、达、雅”。,【意译1】这是冬天里一个寒冷的一天。【意译2】这是的寒冷一天。【意译3】这是一个寒冷的冬日。,【直译】这是一个寒冷的冬天。,1)It was a cold winter day.,2)She liked to be with him better than with others.,3)To be or not to be:that is the question.,【直译】活下去还是不活：这是问题（卞之琳译）【意译】生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题（朱生豪译）【意译】死后还是存在，还是不存在，这是问题（梁实秋译）,4)For never was a story of more woe than this of Juliet and her Romeo.【直译】人间的故事不能比这个更悲惨了，像幽丽叶和她的柔密欧所受的灾难（曹禺译）,【意译】古往今来多少离合悲欢，谁曾见过这样的哀怨辛酸。（朱生豪译）,1.I talked to him with brutal frankness.（1）我同他谈话用粗暴的坦率。（逐词翻译）（2）我同他谈话时，使用了令人不快的真诚的语言。（直译）（3）我对他讲的话，虽然逆耳，却是忠言。（意译）2.His irritation could not withstand the silent beauty of the night.（1）他的烦恼不能承受夜晚宁静的美丽。（逐词翻译）（2）他的烦恼经不起这宁静的良宵美景的感染。（直译）（3）面对这宁静的良宵美景，他的烦恼不禁烟消云散了。(意译）,Comparison,Foreignizationisasource-culture-orientedtranslationwhichstrivestopreservetheforeignflavorasmuchaspossibleinordertotransferthesourcelanguageandcultureintothetargetone.异化法是“对这些文化价值观的一种民族偏离主义的压力，接受外语文本的语言及文化差异，把读者带入外国情景”。,异化与归化Foreignization&Domestication,(1)心比比干多一窍，病如西子胜三分。（红楼梦）ShelookedmoresensitivethanPikan,moredelicatethanHisShih.(YangXianyi)ShehadmorechambersinheartthanthemartyredBiGan;andsufferedatithemorepaininitthanthebeautifulXiShi.(Hawkes),Domesticationreferstothetarget-culture-orientedtranslationinwhichunusualexpressionstothetargetcultureareexploitedandturnedintosomefamiliaronessoastomakethetranslatedtextintelligibleandeasyforthetargetreaders.归化法是“采取民族中心主义的态度，使外语文本符合译入语的文化价值观，把原作者带入译入语文化”。,(1)Oncethewifeofaparson,alwaysthewifeofaparson.嫁鸡随鸡，嫁狗随狗。(2)Amongtheblindtheone-eyedmanisKing.山中无老虎，猴子称霸王。(3)ThenewSecretarydoeswell,“Newbroomssweepclean.”新任秘书干得好，“新官上任三把火”,直译意译兼用LITERAL+FREE,直译和意译兼用也被看作是“平行式转换”(Paralleling)。这中翻译方法是指在翻译过程中将直译和意译二者结合，交替使用。,1.我在学堂里坐着，心里也闷，不如给人家放牛。I feel sitting in school boring anyway.Id rather look after our neighbors buffaloes.2.他一边写着，一边注视着窗外，防止被巡查的人员看见。While writing,he would keep an eye on the outside of the window for fear the the guard on duty would see him.,3.雨可能会停，但带把伞又何妨呢？The rain may hold off,but it wont hurt you to take an umbrella with you.4.接着走过三个人来，头戴方巾,都是四五十岁光景，手摇白纸扇，缓步而来。Behind him came three men in scholars square caps,all some forty to fifty years old,fanning themselves with white paper fans,they advanced slowly.,5.年岁不好，柴米又贵；这几件旧衣服和旧家伙，当的当了，卖的卖了；只靠着我替人家做些针线活寻来的钱，如何供得你读书？Times are hard,and fuel and rice are expensive.Our old clothes and our few sticks of furniture have been pawned or sold.We have nothing to live on but what I make by sewing.How can I pay for your schooling?,直译加注释LITERAL+NOTE,当意译文本承载太多原文文化信息的句子的时候，为使读者正确清晰理解该文本，译者可以采用加注释的方式，用注释性翻译解释清楚。,豆腐与饺子,bean curd-toufu,a kind of Chinese food made of beans and shaped squre,colored whitedumpling-jiaozi,a dumpling-like snack made of a flour wrapper with meat stuffed inside and severed with soup,继“long time no see（好久不见）”“people mountain people sea（人山人海）”“no zuo no die”（不作死就不会死）美国在线俚语词典“城市词典”（Urban Dictionary）录入you can you up（你行你上啊）no can no BB（不行就别乱喷）“tuhao（土豪）”“dama（大妈）”和“hukou（户口）”等中文拼音也被“高大上”的牛津英语词典相中，并有望于今年入选。,“世界是英文的，也是中文的，但归根结底会是拼音的。”,1.对牛弹琴 to play the lute to a cow,which is a Chinese way,meaning choose the wrong audience否则，可以用替代法翻译成：to cast pearls before swine;to whistle jigs（吉格舞曲）to a millstone,2.班门弄斧 to show off ones proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban,the master carpenter 否则，可以用替代法翻译成：to parade ones knowledge before an expert;to teach ones grandmother to suck eggs,3.三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮 Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhu Geliang,the mastermind in Chinese history.否则，可以用替代法翻译成：Two heads are better than one;More people working together have a better chance of solving a problem than one person working alone.,释义性翻译 EXPLAINING,不同于直译，适宜可以通过适当添加或者删改在原语使用者和译语使用者之间单间理解的桥梁，跨越不同文化造成的鸿沟。采取解释性的方法译出原文的意思。,1)Bills new girlfriend is certainly a knockout.2)I wonder whether he is a Trojan Horse.3)The weather forecast seems to be accurate.No sooner had I fortunately come back home than rain poured cats and dogstouch wood.5)He was smooth and agreeable.,尤物;内奸;老天保佑;八面玲珑,6)He acts a lot older than his years.7)The kid went through fire and flood to save his mother.8)Mary is now between the devil and the deep sea on dealing with her job.9)That fellow is always an easy-going guy.He always throws her cares to thewinds.,少年老成;赴汤蹈火;进退维谷;无忧无虑;把烦恼抛至九霄云外,THANK YOU,