《汽车英语培训》PPT课件.ppt

Chapter 1 Brief Introduction,Types of modern automobiles 现代汽车种类Entire construct of automobile汽车整体框架 Main technical specifications 主要技术参数、指标Running principle of automobile汽车运行原理,Unit 1 Types of Modern Automobiles,1）cars 轿车,3）trucks卡车,2）passenger cars客车,5）special type vehicle特种车辆,4）tractors and vehicle combination,7）farm vehicle农用车 8)off-road vehicle越野车,6）Self-dumping car自卸车,1、with respect to capacity 能力、负载Mini car 微型汽车subcompact car 普通级汽车(/sbkmpkt/超小型汽车)compact car 中级汽车(/kmpkt/紧凑的,紧密的)Intermediate car中高级轿车(/.intmi:djt/中级的,中间的)limousine(pullman saloon)高级轿车(/limu(:)zi:n/豪华轿车;/pulmn/卧车,普式火车),Classification of cars车的分类,Crown（2.53L）,Mazda/mzd/6（2.3L）,CA770（5,2、with respect to engine arrangement and driving type,Passenger Cars客车,Truck,Tractor牵引车,Special vehicle专用车(/vi:ikl/交通工具,车辆),fire engine 消防车parade vehicle旅行车(/preid/检阅,游行)mail car 邮车,Unit 2Entire structure of automobile,1）engine 发动机2）chassis底盘(/si;tsi/底盘3）body车身4）electric system 电子系统,Unit 3Main technical specifications,plete vehicle kerb mass整车整备质量 2.maximum total mass 最大总质量3.maximum pay最大装置重量 4.maximum axle mass 最大轴质量（/ms/质量）5.vehicle length 车长6.Vehicle width 车宽7.Vehicle height车高,8.Wheelbase轴距(/wi:lbeis/)9.track(tread)轮距 10.Front overhang 前悬11.Rear overhang 后悬12.Minimum ground clearance 最小离地间隙13.Aproach angle 接近角(/gl/角度)14.Departure angle离去角 15.Turning diameter转弯直径(/daimit/直径),Main technical specifications主要技术指标,Unit 4 Running Principle of the Automobile汽车运行原理,F0,Ft,V,Mt,F0=Mt/r,Running resistance运行阻力（/rizistns/阻力）Ffrolling resistance滚动阻力 Fw air resistance 空气阻力Fi gradient resistance 坡道阻力(/greidint/倾斜度,坡度),Total resistance F=Ff+Fw+Fi,Relation between total resistance and tractive force,Tractive force and adhesive force牵引力和附着力 Adhesive*(/dhi:siv/有粘性的)force F F=G coefficient(/kuifint/系数)of adhesion 附着系数,Extra large bus大客车,返回,Medium and heavy truck中型货车和重型货车（/mi:djm/适中的,中等的),Chapter 2Principle and Entire structure of Engine发动机原理和整体结构,Elementary terms 基本术语Principle of four-stroke Engine 四冲程发动机原理Principle of two stroke Engine两驱发动机原理Classification of the engine 发动机分类,Single-cylinder engine,Cylinder气缸,Piston活塞,Piston pin活塞销,Connecting rod连杆,Crankshaft曲轴,Oil pipe机油管,Intake valve进气门,Exhaust valve排气门,Timing gear正时齿轮,Oil pump机油管,Unit 1 Elementary Terms,top dead center(TDC)上止点Bottom dead center(BDC)下止点piston stroke(S)活塞行程、冲程crank radius(R)曲柄半径(/reidjs/半径)actual displacement(V h)实际排量(/ktjul/实际的)engine displacement(VL)发动机排量combustion chamber volume(Vc)燃烧室容积(/teimb/室,房间；/kmbstn/燃烧)total cylinder volume(Va)气缸总容积Operating cycle操作周期、运转周期(/saikl/循环,周期),VL=V h i,Vh=D2S 10-6/4（L）Dcylinder diameter,mm 气缸直径,气缸内径,缸径 Spiston stroke,mm活塞行程,Unit 2 Principle of Four-stroke Engine四冲程发动机原理,Principle of Four-stroke gasoline Engine四冲程汽油发动机原理1、intake stroke 进气行程2、compress stroke 压缩行程（/kmpres/压缩）3、power stroke 动力行程4、exhaust stroke 排气冲程（/igz:st/排气）,Working process of single cylinder four-stroke gasoline engine,进气门,排气门,油泵,油管,曲轴,连杆,活塞销,活塞,气缸,进气行程,排气阀关闭,进气阀开启,气压线,压缩行程,压缩比,作功行程,压力线,排气行程,(发动机的)示功图,(/rizidjul/残余的,剩余的)残余废气,T=12001500K p=105400 kPa,Principle of Four-stroke diesel Engine,Injector喷油器,injection pump喷油泵,Intake进气,Compress压缩,Power作功,Exhaust排气,Inlet valve进气门,Exhaust Valve 排气门,air,T=300370K p=8090 kPa,T=8001000K p=35 MPa,T=8001000K p=105400 kPa,Real diagram of diesel engine（/di:zl/柴油）,Unit 3 Classification of Engine,Internal combustion engine 内燃机,Water-cooling engine水冷发动机,air-cooling engine风冷发动机,Four-stroke engine四冲程发动机,Two-stroke engine两冲程发动机,Gasoline engine汽油机,Diesel engine柴油机,Single-cylinder engine单缸发动机,Multi-cylinder engine多缸发动机,Cylinder-in-line arrangement单列式发动机,V-arrangement,Internal combustion engine内燃机,Internal combustion engine 内燃机,Internal combustion engine内燃机,Internal combustion engine内燃机,Unit 4 Entire Structure of the Engine发动机的总体构造,connecting rod连杆,Flywheel飞轮,Crankshaft凸轮轴,Piston活塞,intake valve,exhaust valve,push rod推杆,tappet挺杆,timing gears正时皮带/链条,Valve gear Connecting rod,Camshaft凸轮轴,Rocker摇臂/杆,Engine construction of Santana,Engine cooling system of Santana,Engine lubricating system of Santana（/lubricate/v.润滑,涂油）,Fuel supply system燃料供给系统,Valve gear气门机构,back,Gas Turbine（/t:bin,-bain/n.涡轮）燃气涡轮机,Chapter 3 Connecting Rod,Engine body Piston and connecting rod Crankshaft and flywheel,Unit 1 Introduction,Function Convert thermal(/:ml/热的,热量的)energy into mechanical(/miknikl/机械的,力学的)energy used to move the piston up and down.将燃料燃烧时产生的热能转变为活塞上下运动的机械能.Convert reciprocating(/risiprkeit/互换,交换)motion of the piston into rotary motion of the crankshaft and produce power.将活塞的往复运动变为曲轴的旋转运动而对外输出动力。Components Engine body Piston and connecting rod Crankshaft and flywheel,工作条件,受的力主要有,气压力、惯性力、离心力、摩擦力,（inertial/in:l/惯性的;centrifugal/sentrifjugl/离心的）,冲击力和震动,Unit 2 Engine Body,Components：,Crankcase曲轴,cylinder block气缸体,Cylinder gasket气缸垫,cylinder head,Cylinder气缸,oil passage and water passage油道和水道,oil pan油底壳,气缸盖,Cylinder block and crankcase气缸体和曲轴箱,cylinder block of audi100,Classification,1、water-cooling水冷2、air-cooling风冷,cooling fin散热片,冷却片,cylinder block and head of air-cooling engine 水冷发动机的气缸体和气缸盖,With respect to cooling method,With respect to cylinder arrangement,In-line直列式,V-type V型,Horizontally opposed type水平对置式（/.hrizntli/水平的,横的）,Crankcase（oil pan）曲轴箱（油底壳）,Function:enclosing the crankshaft作用：密封曲轴,Oil pan of the engine,Cylinder head,Function作用：Seal the top the cylinder and form the combustion chamber with the piston and the cylinder密封气缸的上部，与活塞、气缸等共同构成燃烧室。Operating condition工作条件：much heat load由于接触温度很高的燃气，所以承受的热负荷很大。Material材料：grey iron or alloy（/合金）iron aluminium(/.ljuminim/铝)：灰铸铁或铝合金。,cylinder gasket 气缸垫,cylinder block气缸盖,cylinder head cover气缸盖罩,Pad衬垫,to fit spark plug安装火花塞,Combustion chamber,Cylinder gasket气缸垫,Function功用：fitted between the cylinder block and cylinder head to seal the area between them and prevent leakage of gas,oil and water.安装在气缸盖和气缸体之间，保证气缸盖与气缸体接触面的密封，防止漏气、漏水和漏油。Material材料：flexible,withstand the heat,pressure and erode有弹性、耐热性、耐压性、耐腐蚀（/fleksbl/易弯曲的;/erode/腐蚀,侵蚀）Pay attention to the direction when fixing,Unit 3 Piston and Connecting Rod 活塞和连杆,compression rings压缩环,oil rings油环,piston pin活塞销,Piston活塞,connecting rod连杆,connecting rod bolt连杆体螺栓,crank bearing half shell曲轴主轴承半壳,connecting rod cap连杆盖,Piston活塞 Function功用：Withstanding gas pressure and force crankshaft to rotate承受气体压力，并通过活塞销和连杆驱使曲轴旋转。Working surroundings工作环境：operating under exceedingly difficult mechanical and thermal conditions高温、散热条件差（/iksi:dili/非常(极其,极度地,很);/:ml/热的,热量的）Material：aluminium,grey iron铝合金；灰铸(/.ljuminim/铝),Components Piston top活塞头部,piston top,piston head,piston skirt,Classification of piston top,Piston head活塞头部,compression ring groove气环槽,oil ring groove油环槽,piston pin hole活塞销孔,Real diagram of the piston,Compression ring groove气环槽,Oil ring groove油环槽,Piston skirt活塞裙部,Function:forming a bearing area in contact with the cylinder wall.形成一个支撑面连接气缸壁,Slotted piston（gasoline engine）开槽活塞（汽油机）（有槽的）,Heat dam隔热槽,Expand slot扩展槽,Circle groove环槽,Piston rings活塞环,Compression rings and oil rings 气环和油环Working conditions：High temperature,high pressure,high speed,hardlylubricated 高温、高压、高速、不易润滑。Longevity（/lndeviti/长寿）：60,000 kilometers 1）compression ring 气环 To prevent compression leakage and transmit(/trnzmit/传输)most of the heat from piston head to cylinder wall and the heat is carried by cooling water防止气体泄漏，将活塞头部的热量传给气缸壁，并由水冷系统传输热量,notch,Clearance of piston ring活塞环隙,side clearance侧隙,back clearance背隙,endplay端隙,2）oil control rings,scraper,axial liner,radial liner,scraper,compound oil ring组合环,ordinary oil ring普通环,Piston pin,Function：connecting piston with small end of connecting rod and transmit gas pressure exerted on the piston to connecting rod.连接活塞和连杆小头，并传递活塞的力给连杆。（/igz:t/发挥,运用,施以影响）,Connection of piston pin活塞销的连接方式,connecting rod连杆,piston pin活塞销,full-floating type 全浮式,semi-floating type半浮式,Connecting rod,Function:It is attached to the crankshaft and the piston.It converts the reciprocate of piston into rotary motion of crankshaft.连接曲轴和活塞，并将活塞的力传给曲轴，变活塞的往复运动为曲轴的旋转运动。(/risiprkeit/互换,交换,报答;/rutri/旋转的),Small end,Connecting rod bushing,Connecting rod,Big end,Connecting rod half shells,Connecting rod cap,Connecting rod Arrangement of V-type engine V型发动机连杆的布置形式,Parataxis type(/.prtksis/并列)并列式,main and slave connecting rod主副式,fork and blade connecting rod叉式,Connecting rod bearing连杆轴承,Connecting style of big end,Halve Type,Inclined splitting type,Unit 4 Crankshaft and Flywheel曲轴飞轮组,cranking claw起动爪,timing gear正时齿轮,main bearing主轴瓦,belt pulley皮带轮,tortional vibration damper扭转减振器,Flywheel飞轮,flywheel bolt飞轮螺栓,crankshaft曲轴,曲轴,把活塞连杆组传来的气体压力转变为扭矩对外输出。还用来驱动发动机的配气机构及其他各种辅助装置。,工作条件：受气体压力、惯性力、惯性力矩。承受交变载荷的冲击。,Crankshaft and Flywheel,