《汽车服务手册》PPT课件.ppt

Wheel Safety and Maintenance轮毂的安全及保养,Alcoa Wheel Products 美铝轮毂产品,How Do We Maintain Wheels?如何保养轮毂,What Is in a Warning?关于警示,The second paragraph details what might happen if no corrective action is taken.第二段关于若不采取有效措施可能会发生的事故,The final paragraph details what corrective action should be taken.最后一段是关于必须采取的措施,WARNING The first paragraph tells you about a potentially hazardous condition,situation or practice.警示 第一段是有关潜在危险,Example the condition:例,WARNING Cracked or damaged wheels may cause wheels to fail or come off the vehicle while the vehicle is moving.开裂或已损坏的轮毂可能在行车时发生脱落First,the potentially hazardous condition,situation or practice is explained.首先说明潜在的危险,Example what can happen:,WARNING Cracked or damaged wheels may cause wheels to fail or come off the vehicle while the vehicle is moving.Wheels that fail or come off the vehicle while it is moving can cause serious injury or death.损坏的轮毂或轮毂脱落会导致严重的伤亡Then,what might happen if no corrective action is taken.然后说明若不采取有效措施可能会发生的事故,Example the remedy:,WARNING Cracked or damaged wheels may cause wheels to fail or come off the vehicle while the vehicle is moving.Wheels that fail or come off the vehicle while it is moving can cause serious injury or death.Immediately remove cracked or damaged wheels from service.立即更换以开裂或损坏的轮毂And finally,the corrective action.最后说明应采取的措施,Follow Recommended Practices,Alcoa Service Manual美铝服务手册Wheel installation practices轮毂的安装方法Wheel inspections轮毂的检查Ride disturbance questions行车震动问题,Follow Recommended Practices,Alcoa Service Manual section 7 美铝服务手册第7部分U.S.OSHA law 美国OSHA（职业安全法）must use safety cage 必须使用安全罩must use clip on air chuck 必须使用安全气阀must comply with industry,wheel and tire service manuals 必须遵守行业，轮毂和轮胎服务手册的有关规定must train people相关人员必须经过培训tires found with less than 80%air pressure must be inspected to find cause of air loss and any potential problems轮胎不足80%的气压时，必须经过检查，发现漏气和其他可能的问题的原因。,Proper Installation,Clean all mounting surfaces清洁所有安装表面Lubricate studs and nuts(hub piloted)润滑螺杆及螺母（中心孔定位）Use proper torque sequence按正确的顺序安装螺母Initial torque 50 to 100 ft.Lb.初始扭矩Final torque 450 to 500 ft.Lb.最终扭矩Follow torque sequence按正确的顺序拧紧螺母Re-torque？,Stud/Nut Lubrication 螺栓螺母润滑,Affects of cleaning and lubrication清洁度和润滑对夹紧力的影响,Why proper installation?正确安装的理由,Safety for you,your employees and the public 关乎您、您的同事和公众的安全To eliminate loose wheel conditions排除轮毂松落的可能To improve wheel life延长轮毂寿命,CAN SAVE YOU MONEY可以节约费用,Stud Located Steer and Single Wheel Components for 3/4”and 1 1/8”studs 螺栓直径为3/4”和1 1/8”单轮螺栓定位,Need full thread engagement 全螺纹啮合,Stud Located Dualed WheelsDrive/Trailer Axle Components 双轮驱动桥/拖车桥螺栓定位,Stud Located Dualed Wheels,Inner Steel&Outer Aluminum Axle Components 螺栓定位、内侧钢轮外侧铝轮,Single Hub Piloted Axle Components单轮中心孔定位,Need full thread engagement 需全螺纹啮合,Hub Piloted Dualed WheelAxle Components 双轮中心孔定位,Wheel Stud Maintenance螺拴保养,1 broken stud replace broken stud and the ones adjacent the broken stud一颗螺栓断裂，更换断裂者和相邻两颗。2 or more broken studs replace all the studs for that wheel两颗及以上螺栓断裂，更换所有螺栓。Include stud replacement in your wheel maintenance program将螺栓更换作为车轮保养的一部分,Hub Piloted Torque Sequences 中心孔定位拧紧顺序,Place pilot pads at 12:00(TDC),Follow tightening sequence starting at the top,Stud Located Torque Sequences螺栓定位拧紧顺序,Begin with one studat 12:00(TDC),Start the tighteningsequence at the top,then move to thebottom,Hub Piloted Torque Values中心孔定位最终扭矩值,Stud Located Torque Values螺栓定位的扭矩值,Why Fleets Experience Loose Wheels 为什么轮毂会松落？,Low initial torque 初始扭矩太低High initial torque 初始扭矩太高Torque okay tension low扭矩合适但压力太低Initial torque/tension okay初始扭矩和压力合适,Tire/Wheel Inflation Pressures轮胎/轮毂气压,Proper inflation pressure helps tireand wheel life正确的气压可延长轮胎及轮毂的寿命Low inflation pressure will increase rim flange wear气压过低会增加轮缘磨损Unequal inflation pressure may overload the tire/wheel气压不平衡会导致轮胎轮毂过载,Wheel Inspection轮毂检查,Excessive Heat过热,Wheel Inspection 轮毂检查,Ball Tape 球形尺,Wheel Inspection轮毂检查,Ball Tape球形尺,Rim Roll Demonstration轮缘滚动检查,Wheel Inspection 轮毂检查,Photos show the carpenter square even on both bead seats.,Wheel Inspection 轮毂检查,Photos shows an undersized wheel that you can clearly place a.020 card between the square and the wheel,Wheel Inspection轮毂检查,Flange Wear轮缘磨损,Wheel Inspection轮毂检查,Rim Flange Wear Gauge轮缘磨损量规,Wheel Inspection轮毂检查,Hand Hole Crack散热孔裂纹,Wheel Inspection轮毂检查,Bolt Hole Crack螺栓孔裂纹,Wheel Inspection轮毂检查,Hand Hole to Bolt Hole Crack 散热孔与螺栓孔间裂纹,Wheel Inspection轮毂检查,Drop Center Crack 中心裂纹,Wheel Inspection 轮毂检查,Mounting Surface Corrosion安装表面锈蚀,Wheel Inspection轮毂检查,Bent Flange 轮缘弯曲变形,Wheel Inspection轮毂检查,Valve Stem before removal气阀茎,Wheel Inspection轮毂检查,Valve Stem Corrosion气阀锈蚀,Valve Stem with Frey Lube气阀茎？,Wheel Inspection轮毂检查,Damaged Stud Holes螺栓孔变形,Damaged hub piloted bolt hole.螺栓孔损伤（中心孔定位）,Damaged ball seat contact area.球孔座表面损伤,Tire Wear or Ride Problems（轮胎磨损或震颤）,.040”Max.-RRO/LRO？,Wheel Balance 车轮平衡,6oz.Max.,Balance Weights平衡块,Use coated balance weights？or“stick-on”adhesive weights粘贴平衡块,Improperly installed weights could“fly off”during useand damage the vehicleor cause personal injury.不正确安装的平衡块会“飞出”，导致车辆或人员伤亡,Bolt Hole/Center Hole True Position螺栓孔与中心孔之间的距离,.012”Max.difference from hole to hole 最大偏差为12“,Safety Maintenance and Inspection Summary 总结,Follow practices as outlined in the Alcoa Service Manual严格按照服务手册的说明Follow torque specs and sequences严格按照扭矩参数和顺序Keep the mating surfaces clean保持接触面清洁Include studs in maintenance practice螺栓也是必须保养的部分Clean and inspect wheels清洁并仔细检查轮毂,Wheel Inspection Summary,Remove any suspect wheelfrom service 可疑的轮毂必须报废Remove any damaged wheel from service 受损的轮毂必须报废,When removing a wheel from service,clearly identify the wheel as scrap and remove valve stem.报废的轮毂必须明确标注并拆掉气阀,Wheel Inspection Summary轮毂检查总结,Permanently remove any wheel from service that has been exposed to excessive heat(for example:tire fire,bearing fire,brake fire,etc.)报废所有过热的轮毂（如：轮胎失火，轴承着火，刹车着火，等等。）,Remember:When removinga wheel from service,clearly identify the wheel as scrapand remove the valve stem.报废的轮毂必须明确标注并拆掉气阀,How to Obtain Literature如何获得相关资料,Service manuals,specification data,videos and other literature are available free:at 可在网站免费获取服务手册，参数表，VCD及其他资料。,Thank you!谢谢！,