《汉英词义关系》PPT课件.ppt
Semantic relationship between Chinese and English words and Diction in C-E Translation汉英词汇意义关系与词语的选择翻译,Part one 意义的分类classification of meaning 1.Leech Conceptual meaning Associative meaning social meaning emotive meaning reflected meaning collocative meaning thematic meaning,2 A denotative meaning(denotation)指称意义conceptual meaning cognitive meaningreferential meaning 阳光:sunshine 医生:doctor A word may have more than one denotative meanings(polysemy多义词):英文中的develop B connotative meaning(connotation)蕴含意义（词语的情感意义和联想意义）月亮 龙 松,Part two Semantic relationship between Chinese and English words,P 43.陈宏薇 1 词义相符semantic correspondence；2 词义相异semantic non-correspondence；3 词义空缺semantic zeroTranslation is translating meaning.It is important to understand meaning in c-e translation,Part three 词义相异semantic non-correspondence,汉英词汇意义有对等的一面。但是，在很多情况下，汉英词汇语义是不对等的,还可能有空缺。如“拳头产品”不能译成 fist product，而是knockout product。因此，汉英翻译绝对不是根据源语词汇去查阅汉英词典并照搬词典释义。实际上，选词应该根据目标语的需要或语境而定。,1 大学生 酸奶 自来水 有线电视 扶贫2 11月10日至13日的强降雪，使得即将上市的16万斤鲶鱼全被冻死，损失达40万元，夫妇俩一年的劳作付之东流。a.Between Nov.10 and 13,a snowstorm froze to death 160thousand jin of catfish about to go to market,costing the couple 400￥thousand;they gave a whole year of labor to the eastward river.b.Between Nov.10 and 13,a snowstorm froze to death 160thousand jin of catfish about to go to market,costing the couple 400￥thousand;they gave a whole year of labor for nothing.,3 个人主义一害自己，二害工作，三害党的事业，历来是党和军队事业的大敌。Individualism,which firstly poisons oneself,secondly hinders work,and finally jeopardizes the Partys cause,has always been a big threat to the cause of the Party and the army.Individualism-self-centeredness,egocentricity.4.亚洲四小龙 Asia Four Tigers,2 搭配不对等问题,如1:动宾搭配做手术 做家务 犯错误 犯心脏病 犯罪接受高等教育 接受西方的社会政治制度和价值观念2 偏正搭配 险胜 熟睡 完全醒着 完全值得,3 一词多义 polysemy,例：1 在激烈的市场竞争中，公司的经营战略是：以质量求生存，以服务求信誉，以创新求发展，以管理求效益。In the keen/fierce market competition,our companys operating strategies are:product quality ensures survival,good service earns/wins trust,innovation spawns new market(expands the market),and management increases profits/improves performance.他吃教师这碗饭。这种蘑菇吃不得。他从小吃鸡蛋，吃伤了。羊吃草，婴儿吃奶。我戒烟的时候，我老婆吃了不少苦。他真是哑巴吃黄连，有苦说不出。靠山吃山，靠水吃水。,4.根据语境选词,Context 1 A 要采取应急措施，尽快解决地震灾区用电和急救人员的通信联络问题，保证居民正常供水。B 据环球时报报道，印度外交部高 官表示，愿同中国解决两国边境纠纷三十年来，中国经济以震惊世界的GDP数值高速增长。A Over the past three decades,chinas economy has growing at a fast GDP rate that shocks the world.B Over the past three decades,chinas economy has growing at a fast GDP rate that amazes the world.丰富的想像力 wild imagination 丰富的自然资源 rich in natural resources abundant natural resources。,4.一种很经济的燃料 他遇到了经济困难问题 世界经济的衰退 经济作物生存压力 精神压力 人口压力 大气压力投入抗震救灾斗争 投入监狱 投入怀抱中 投入使用 投入5万圆 增加教育投入,
