《成语的翻译》PPT课件.ppt

第六讲 成语的翻译,成语背后的故事,Give a lick and a promise敷衍搪塞英国民间传说。至少两个世纪以前有一只猫，它的脸常常脏的很，每当别的猫要它洗脸时，它就用舌头很快添一下，然后说保证下次一定添干净，但实际上总是敷衍了事。如：you didnt wash your hands;you just gave them a lick and a promise.,Bury the hatchet偃旗息鼓埋下斧子。北美殖民时期，英国殖民者残忍地屠杀印第安人，有的印第安人被放在柴堆上活活烧死，殖民者甚至剥下死难者的头皮，谁剥的多，谁的功劳大。他们有时为了欺骗和麻痹印第安人，也会和某个部落讲和。在和谈仪式上，印第安人会把斧头埋在地下作为休战的表示。例：they had been enemies for ages,but after a fight they buried the hatchet.,Backstairs influence暗中势力，幕后人物例：he met the congressmen in secret to exert backstairs influence.,汉语中的成语,以四字格为主体的汉语成语不少于1万，在政论、文艺、科技等文体中被广泛使用，起着极其重要的作用。因此恰当处理汉语成语的翻译就是一个十分重要的问题。不能忽视。但像“胸有成竹”一样，多数都无法可以直接翻译成英文的对等：have a bamboo in ones stomachTo have a well-thought-out plan before doing something;to have a card up ones sleeve,哪些可以直接翻译？哪些只能翻译比喻意义？这取决于汉语成语的字面意义和比喻形象能否被西方读者所接受。例：,你是知道的，咱们家所有的这些管家奶奶们，那一位是好缠的？借一点他们就笑话打趣，偏一点他们就指桑说槐的抱怨。（红楼梦第16回）And you know how difficult our old stewardesses are,laughing at the least mistake and“accusing the elm while pointing at the mulberry tree”if one shows the least bias.(Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang)And you know what a difficult lot those old stewardesses are.The tiniest mistake and they are all laughing at you and making fun;the tiniest hint of favouritism and they are grumbling and complaining.You know their way of“cursing the oak-tree when they mean the ash”.(David Hawks),1可以直译的成语,字面直译并不损害意思的传达。兔死狐悲直译：foxes will grieve at the death of the hare.意译：all things are sorry for their own kind.,获曰：兔死狐悲，物伤其类，吾与汝皆是各洞之主，往日无怨，何故害我。（三国演义）When the hare dies the fox mourns,said Meng Huo,One sympathises with ones own as a rule.We are both chiefs and have been friends.I know not why you injure me?,引狼入室直译：to bring the wolves into the house意译：to invite disasters是些什么人呢？干这引狼入室的勾当。子夜Whoever they are,they are letting the wolf into the fold.,调虎离山直译：to lure the tiger out of the hills意译：to lure the enemy from his base我中了他的调虎离山计了。林海雪原Ive fallen for his luring out of the hills scheme.,狐假虎威直译：a fox borrowing a tigers fierceness意译：to bully people by flaunting ones powerful connections高学田正在气头上，观万瞎子这个奴才这么狐假虎威，就硬邦邦地说：要钱没有，要命拿去。高玉宝Gao,already enraged,was further incensed by the impudence of his lackeya fox masquerading as a tiger.If you want money,I have none,he retorted.,走马观花直译：to ride out on horseback to enjoy flowers意译：to gain a superficial understanding through cursory observation调查有两种方法，一种是走马观花，一种是下马观花。There are two ways of making investigations,one is to look at flowers on horseback and the other is to get off your horse and look at them.,风驰电掣直译：swift as the wind and quick as lightning意译：speeding;at full speed石东根正屁股悬空在马背上，跑得风驰电掣十分快意的时候，恰巧给军长沈振新看到。红日And now Shi Dongsheng,his backside poised in the air above the horses back as he whizzed along like the wind,happy and carefree,had had the unexpected misfortune to be spotted by the army commander Shen Zhenxin.,如坐针毡直译：to feel as if sitting on a cushion filled with needles意译：to feel terribly uneasy且说林冲在柴大官人东庄上，听得这话，如坐针毡。水浒传Lin Chong,however,was in the east village of the Lord Chai and heard all the talk of him,and when he heard it was as though he sat on a cushion filled with needles.,对牛弹琴直译：to play the lute to a cow意译：to address the wrong audience对牛弹琴这句话，含有讥笑对象的意思。毛选The saying“to play the lute to a cow”implies a gibe at the audience.上述几个例子都有十分形象的原文，其形象性通过直译完美地移植到了译文里。尽管英语中没有非常对应的成语，但是译文读者从上面的直译中获得了大致相同的感受。,2 可以套用的成语,英语中的很多成语在意义上与汉语中的许多成语一致，虽然形象不同。如：涸泽而渔直译：to drain the pond to catch all the fish英语对等成语：to kill the goose that lays the golden eggs,只为工业积累，农业本身积累得太少或者没有积累，涸泽而渔，对于工业的发展反而不利。毛选If agriculture accumulated only for industry and very little or none for itself,that would mean“draining the ponds to get all the fish”and would only harm the development of industry.,打草惊蛇直译：to beat the grass and startle the snake对等译法：to wake a sleeping dog不要动声色，不要打草惊蛇。我们不妨看看他们如何活动。山乡巨变Dont say anything about it;we mustnt beat the grass and startle the snake.Theres no harm in our keeping an eye on the sort of activities they engage in.,易如反掌直译：to be as easy as turning over ones hand对等译法：as easy as falling off a log家徒四壁直译：have nothing but the bare four walls in ones house对等译法：as poor as Job,挥金如土直译：to throw money about like dirt对等译法：to spend money like water少卿兄挥金如土，为什么躲在家里用，不拿来这里我们大家玩玩？儒林外史I understand you scatter gold about like dirt,sir.In that case,why have you been hiding at home for so long,instead of bringing your money here to give us all a good time?,在不影响原文意义的前提下，我们应该尽量采用这种按照字面直译的方法来处理汉语成语，从而更好地传达出原文的形式，内容和精神。如果形式作一些调整能使译文内容更为清晰，精神体现的更加到位，那么这种异曲同工的形式调整是十分必要。,3 不能直译的成语,无孔不入to take advantage of every weakness死译：to get into every hole开门见山to come straight to the point死译：to open the door and see the mountain大张旗鼓on a large and spectacular scale死译：to make a great array of flags and drums风雨飘摇(of a situation)being unstable死译：the wind and rain are rocking,4 历史掌故类的成语,毛遂自荐to volunteer ones service叶公好龙professed love of what one really fears东施效颦crude imitation with ludicrous effect南柯一梦a fond dream or illusory joy四面楚歌to be besieged on all sides罄竹难书too numerous to mention初出茅庐at the beginning of ones career倾国倾城to be exceedingly beautiful,小题大做to make a mountain out of a molehill赴汤蹈火go through fire and water洗心革面turn over a new leaf横行霸道throw ones weight about大发雷霆blow ones top过河拆桥kick down the ladder乳臭未干be wet behind the ears格格不入be like square pegs in round holes魂不附体jump out of ones skin,翻译磨刀石,1.用直译法翻译成语声东击西Shout in the east and strike in the west刻骨铭心Be engraved on ones heart and bones狗仗人势Be like a dog counting on its masters backing呼风唤雨Summon wind and rain口蜜腹剑Be honey-mouthed and dagger-hearted,屡教不改Fail to mend ones ways after repeated admonition如鱼得水Feel just like a fish in water草木皆兵Every bush and tree looks like an enemy冰清玉洁Be pure like jade and clear like ice指鹿为马Call a stag a horse,2 用意译法翻译下列成语虚怀若谷Very modest and extremely open-minded如虎添翼With might redoubled冷若冰霜Be cold in manner唇枪舌战Heated verbal exchange or debate瓮中之鳖Be hopeless like a rat in a hole,噤若寒蝉Keep quiet out of fear指腹为婚The two had been engaged to each other before they were born杯弓蛇影Extremely suspicious背井离乡Leave ones native place against ones will,3 用对等译法翻译成语顺水推舟Sail with the wind一丘之貉Birds of a feather七上八下At sixes and sevens大发雷霆Hit the ceiling日暮途穷At the end of ones rope毛骨悚然Make ones hair stand on end本末倒置Put the cart before the horse,Funny translation,你有种，我要给你点颜色瞧瞧，兄弟们，一起上！you have seed I will give you some color to seesee,brothers！together up！小明：I am sorry!老外：I am sorry too!小明：I am sorry three!老外：What are you sorry for?小明：I am sorry five!要钱没有，要命一条If you want money,I have no;if you want life,Ihave one!,你有两下子。you have two down son。有多远，死多远！as far as you go to die给你脸你不要脸，你丢脸，我翻脸 I give you face you dont wanna face,you lose you face,I turn my face,翻译中英语成语的使用英语成语的使用范围很广。不过要注意，针对不同的文体，要在英语译文里使用不同语域的英语成语。如果运用恰到好处，可以提高文章的可读性以及翻译的通顺和自然。,1.政论，科技文体中的成语,一切种类的文学艺术源泉究竟是从何而来的呢？In the last analysis,what is the source of all literature and art?其调停中心，仍在企图苟安，这只有损害中华民族利益才能做到。The main purpose of their mediation is temporary relaxationsomething which can be achieved only at the expense of Chinas national interests.,人人享有基本医疗卫生服务。社会管理体系更加健全。Everyone will have access to basic medical and health services.The system of social management will be further improved.这种材料并不比石头更有弹性。This material is no more elastic than stone.这些金属很难说都是良导体。It is far from certain that all these metals are good conductors.,翻译磨刀石,畅销Sell like hot cakes抄近路Cut corners出身显贵Be born in the purple,出卖某人Sell sb.down the river饭桶Poor tool思维敏捷Think on ones feet放下架子Get off ones high horse;pocket ones dignity非常健康As fit as a fiddle;in the pink of condition,雷声大，雨点小Much cry and little wool穷困潦倒Be down and out;down at heels;come down I the world设身处地Put oneself in sb.s shoes使某人降级Kick someone downstairs使某人难堪Take the wind out of someones sails讨厌Have no use for,体会言外之意Read between the lines偷鸡不成蚀把米Go for wool and come home shorn投身于Throw or fling oneself into说大话Talk big改变立场Shift or change ones ground;turn ones coat改过自新Mend ones ways;turn over a new leaf话中有话With the tongue in the cheek,禁止Put the lid on拘泥礼节Stand on ceremony决定性时刻Zero hour埋头读书Have ones nose in a book撵走某人Send someone packing;show someone the door扭转局势Turn the tide弄清楚Make head or tail of;to button down,这时候就不用讲什么官场礼节了吧，你我都是朋友。Drop off the ceremony,