《当代医学英语》PPT课件.ppt

当代 医学英语综合教程,English Course of Contemporary Medicine,Chapter 1Ways to Nurture Creativity,B.Listen to the passage“Encouraging Critical Thinking”twice and take notes to answer each of the following questions.,Section I.Asking,listening and watching,1.What do most colleges and universities encourage in education?_2.What are professors more concerned that students learn to do?_ _3.What do professors usually ask students to do?_,Critical thinking.,To question and critically examine the arguments of others.,To support the views their express.,4.What do professors teach students instead of telling them what to do?_5.Why is it useless to argue just for the sake of arguing?_ _,How to think.,It does not promote a critical examination of ideas.,C.Listen to the same passage twice and fill in each blank with the word or sentence you hear from the audio clip.,Encouragement of(1)_ thinking in students is one of the(2)_ of most colleges and universities.Few professors require students to(3)_ the professors own(4)_.In general,professors are more(5)_ that students learn to question and critically examine the(6)_ of others,including some of their own beliefs or(7)_.This does not mean that professors insist that you change your beliefs,either.,critical,goals,share,beliefs,concerned,arguments,values,It does mean,however,that professors will usually ask you to support the views you(8)_ in class or in your writing.If your arguments(9)_ _ _.Most professors want you to learn to recognize the premises of your arguments,to examine(10)_ _.,express,are not logical,professors personally point out the false reasoning in your arguments,whether you really accept these premises,and to understand whether or not you draw logical conclusions.,Put it this way:Professors dont tell you what to think;they try to teach you how to think.On the other hand,if you intend to(11)_ _.Arguing just for the sake of arguing usually does not promote a critical examination of ideas.Many professors interpret it as rudeness.,disagree with your professors in class,you should be prepared to offer a strong argument in support of your ideas.,D.Watch a video clip“What Medical Students Must Learn”twice and decide whether each of the following statements is true(T)or false(F).,1.Students should not be content to memorize facts.2.A good doctor should know society as a whole.3.Only the smartest and brightest person can know all the information.4.Students are expected to be better problem-solvers instead of getting familiar with some concepts.,_T_T_F_F_,5.In the beginning of medical school students know which half of what they learn is going to end up changing.6.Memorizing many things will not be so useful 20 years from now.7.It will always be useful to doctors to understanding the human condition.,_F_T_T_,Section II Theme ReadingRead and discuss“Tap Your Creative Potential”,focusing on the following questions.,1.What does the author tell about his experience?2.What surprises the author?And why?3.Why cant his clients themselves find all sorts of alternatives?4.Why does the author suggest spending just a little time with a four-year old child?5.What should a leader of an organization do in its staff meeting?,6.What happens to most ideas that people have?7.What happens if many of our ideas are treated as weeds?8.In what aspect are inventors unlike ordinary people?9.Why does the author mention such inventions as buckles,magnets,stick-free coating and pagers?,Reading Comprehension Complete the following unfinished statements or give a short answer to the question in no more than six words.,1.The chief purpose of the article is to help people avoid _.2.According to the author,one of the most common creative errors is _ _.3.In order to generate creative ideas,you have to get in the habit of _ _.,most common creativity errors,failure to ask questions,questioning more things more often,4.Most ideas are cut short by our automatic self-censorship and we never carefully think _ _.5.In the authors view,stray ideas should not be treated like weeds but as _ _.6.A weed,from a scientific perspective,is just a plant you dont want growing in a particular place.Instead,it may be _ _.,whether they are worthwhile,potentially valuable new crops,the wildflower gardens specialty,7.If many of our ideas are treated as weeds,we may _.8.If your stray ideas are written down,expressed and communicated to others,they are likely to _.9.Ordinary people are unlike inventors in that they _.10.Valuable things _ are asking questions,expressing ideas and wishful thinking.,miss many potentially useful thoughts,develop into other useful ideas,fail to wish for more,for us to nurture our creativity,Extension Reading,Critical Thinking:An Important Issue in Education Today,A.Two goals in modern educationB.An important task for educatorsC.What a critical thinker is able to doD.The way most people think and actE.What critical thinking means to a personF.Belief and facts about acquiring informationG.Consequences due to negative conditioningH.Reasons for failing to develop critical thinking skillsI.Necessity of developing critical thinking in education,_H_ Para.2_F_ Para.3_E_ Para.4_C_ Para.5_D_ Para.6_G_ Para.7,Extension ReadingWhat is Creativity?,Creativity is a mental process involving the generation of new ideas or concepts,or new _1_ between existing ideas or concepts._2_ a scientific point of view,the products of creative thought are usually considered to have both originality and appropriateness.An _3_,more everyday conception of creativity is that it is simply,1.A.inventions B.associations C.considerations D.calculations2.A.With B.Since C.From D.In3.A.alternative B.alteration C.alternation D.accumulation,the _4_ of making something new.Although intuitively a simple phenomenon,it is in fact quite complex.It has been studied from the _5_ of behavioral psychology,social psychology,cognitive science,artificial _6_,philosophy,economics,business,and management,among others.,4.A.aspect B.analysis C.attitude D.act5.A.principles B.prospects C.perspectives D.positions 6.A.wisdom B.intelligence C.cleverness D.ability,The studies have _7_ everyday creativity,exceptional creativity and even artificial creativity._8_ many phenomena in science,there is no single,authoritative(有权威的)perspective or definition of creativity.Creativity has been _9_ variously to cognitive processes,the social environment,personality,7.A.concluded B.considered C.conducted D.covered8.A.Unlike B.Besides C.Except D.Among9.A.disputed B.distributed C.contributed D.attributed,_10_,and chance.It has been associated with genius,mental illness and humor.Some say it is a trait we are born with;others say it can be taught with the _11_ of simple techniques.Although popularly associated with art and literature,it is also an essential part of innovation and invention and is important,10.A.feelings B.impressions C.traits D.emotions11.A.addition B.application C.explanation D.association,in _12_ such as business,economics,architecture,science and engineering.Despite,or perhaps because of,the ambiguity(意义含糊)and multi-dimensional nature of creativity,entire industries have been spawned(大量产生)from the _13_ of creative ideas and the development of creativity techniques.,12.A.jobs B.works C.careers D.professions13.A.pursuit B.search C.discovery D.detection,This mysterious _14_,though undeniably(不可否认地)important and constantly visible,seems to lie tantalizingly(惹弄人地)_15_ the grasp of scientific investigation.,14.A.problem B.condition C.phenomenon D.question 15.A.beyond B.under C.with D.without,Further Topics for Discussion and Oral Presentation,1.Should asking questions be encouraged?What do you feel about asking questions?2.Expressing ideas is as important as asking questions as far as creativity is concerned.Do you agree or disagree?Why?3.In the theme-reading article,the author deals with three major obstacles to creativity.In your view,what are other obstacles to creativity?4.Do you think you are a creative person?If yes,in what way?If not,what can you do to be creative?5.In what sense is critical thinking important to creativity?,Language Practice,A.Match each word in the grid with its definition,meaning description or synonym.,1.To catch by a trick or deception2.Steadily and persistently;unremittingly3.The ability to judge correctly what is going to happen in the future and plan your actions based on this knowledge4.An item or a product of a distinctive kind or of particular superiority;a special feature or characteristic,_F_E_B_I_,5.Of or relating to plants or plant life6.A method or way of doing something;a possibility;a broad roadway lined with trees7.A list or program of things to be done or considered8.Showing curiosity;eager to investigate and learn or learn more,_L_G_A_C_,9.Something that causes trouble or makes you annoyed;causing irritation,especially physical irritation10.A question;a query;a close examination of a matter in a search for information or truth,_O_D_,11.To collect information from a variety of places and arrange it in a book,report or list12.To control something using the hands;to treat a part of the body,using the hands to push back bones into the correct position and put pressure on muscles,_G_H_,13.Suited or right for a particular purpose;occurring at a fitting or advantageous time14.A small reference book,especially one giving instructions15.The inherent ability or capacity for growth,development,or coming into being,_M_N_K_,B.Fill in the blank of the following sentences with a suitable word in the grid,changing its form if necessary.,1.Dr.Wood explained the movement of light by _ with the movement of water.2.She was _ for disobeying the laboratory safety regulation.3.The change in peoples attitude will slowly move from the _ of theory into the sphere of practice.,analogy,dismissed,realm,4.Since our research so far has not generated any solution to this problem,we need to adopt a different _ to it.5.Medical evidence suggests that these tonics(补药)are useful _ to more powerful drugs.,alternatives,approach,6.The police have been interviewing people in the area in the hope that it will _ more information about the crime.7.Youd better see your doctor if the symptoms _.,yield,persist,8._ syringes(注射器)are being made freely available to drug-users in an attempt to prevent the spread of AIDS.9.The death of his father gave him a whole new _ on life.10.This would seem to be an _ moment for reviewing our research project.,opportune,Disposable,perspective,C.Complete each of the following sentences by translating the Chinese into English,using the words and phrases in the grid.,1.She had plans to start up a business on her own but they _ _(因意外的财物问题而停止).2._(困难起因于)the fact that there has been insufficient time to train new staff.,were cut short by unexpected financial problems,The difficulty has arisen from,3.The story he has just told _ _(使我想起一件奇怪的事)that once happened to me.4.While _(留意中心任务),we should unfold the work in other fields.,brings to mind a strange thing,attending to the central task,5.He used to swim twice a week,but he seems to _(已戒掉了这个习惯)recently.6.I am sure you _ _(可以改进你的作业)if you spent a little more time on it.,have got out of the habit,could improve on your assignment,7._(不要想当然认为)that those with much education will necessary do well in practical work.8.From the evidence gathered from witness we should be able to _ _(了解那天晚上发生的事).,It should not be taken for granted,figure out what happened that night,9.Mr.Smith often _ _(利用我的友情)and leaves the unpleasant tasks for me to do.10.We proceeded with our work,_ _(以为他会来帮助我们),takes advantage of my friendship,on the assumption that he would come to our assistance,D.Translate the following passage into English.,创造能力与知识有密切的关系。知识的丰富是创造的重要条件，但知识本身代替不了创造。只要改变传统的思维模式，突破创造性思维障碍，人人都可以有所创造。,Creativity is closely related to knowledge.Abundant knowledge is an important condition for creation,but knowledge itself can never take the place of creation.Every one of us can make some creations as long as we change our traditional thinking mode and overcome some obstacles to creative thinking.,认为创造性只属于名人、发明家，与普通人无缘，这是错误的。经验告诉我们，一个认为自己在日常生活中没有创造性的人是不会创造性地解决大问题的。,It is a fallacy that creativity belongs only to celebrities and inventors but has nothing to do with ordinary people.Experience has shown that a person who considers himself uncreative in daily life will not be able to solve major problem in a creative way.,从创造性思维角度来看，新的主意往往产生于非专业化的人士。他们往往是多面手，对许多不同的事物都感兴趣，并意识到他们在一个领域学到的东西可能在另一个领域里很有用。,From the perspective of creative thinking,novel ideas tend to come from non-specialists,who are often versatile,interested in diverse things and well aware that something they have learned in one realm is likely to be useful in another.,To be Continued,