《定语从句精讲》PPT课件.ppt

Revision Translate the following sentences.1.再给一小时我就能把工作完成.2.我发现他坐在椅子上,全神贯注于杂志.3.除了有趣和是好的锻炼,游泳也是一种有用的技能.,In a sports team each player has a clear role,and there are few occasions _ members are confused or uncertain of their roles.,The Attributive Clause,Grammar,修饰名词和代词的成分,Key words:,定语:,a beautiful girl,a tall boy,定语从句：,修饰名词和代词的从句,This is the best film that I have seen.,定语从句,先行词,that,关系词,beautiful,tall,the best film,This is the best film that I have seen.,关系词,引导定语从句,代替先行词,在从句中担当一个成分,关系词的作用,1）,2）,3）,Learning aims,The usage of the relative pronoun and adverb,限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别,常见考点:1.指物时只用that 或which 的情况2.介词+关系代词3.whose 用法及转换形式4.as 与which的区别5.指人时that 与who的区别6.如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词7.定语从句中的主谓一致问题,Revision1 the usage of the relative pronoun,who,whom,which,that,whose,the usage of the relative adverb,when,where,why,time,place,reason,adverbial,adverbial,adverbial,起限定作用。若省略，原句意义不完整。,起补充说明作用。若省略，原句意义不受影响。,修饰先行词,修饰先行词/整个句子,无逗号隔开,有逗号与主句隔开,可用that，,不可用that，,Revision 2 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别,作宾语时可以省略,不可以省略,Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college.Her brother,who is now a soldier,always encourages her to go to college.,Revision 2 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别,她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。（隐含意思：或许不止一个哥哥）,她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。,The book(that/which)I bought yesterday is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix.The book,which I bought yesterday,is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix.,可用that，作宾语时可以省略,不可用that,作宾语时不可以省略,我昨天买的那本书是哈里.波特与凤凰令。,1.指物时只用that或which的情况,Revision 3 难点突破,2.介词+关系代词,3.whose 用法及转换形式,4.as 与which的区别,5.指人时that与who的区别,6.如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词,7.定语从句中的主谓一致问题,1.This is all _ I know about the matter.A.that B.what C.who D.whether2.Is there anything else _ you require?A.which B.that C.who D.what3.There is no dictionary _ you can use to find everything.A.that B.which C.where D.in that,考点一：只用that的情况,4.He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school.A.which B.that C.it D.whom,6.Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A.that B./C.which D.it,7.Which was the hotel _ was recommended to you?A.that B.which C.where D.it,5.The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall.A.which B.that C.where D.it,1.先行词为all,little,much,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词,2.先行词被all,little,much,every,no,等修饰时。,3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰,先行词前有序数词(the first),形容词最高级(the best),the last,the very,the only 等时。,4.先行词为人和物的组合5.若主句中有疑问代词 who 或者 which，为了避免重复,关系代词不要再用 who,which，而用 that。,只用that的情况:,1.Jim passed the driving test,_ surprised everybody in the office.A which B that C this D it,只用which的情况:1.逗号后面 2.介词后面,2.The day _ he was born was Aug.20,1952.A on which B that C which D this,考点二:介词+关系代词,提醒:介词关系代词引导的定语从句,关键 是介词的选择.方法一:根据从句中动词与先行词习惯搭配方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系,注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。此时关系代词只能用which 或 whom;不可用that 或who 代替,The man is from Beijing University.I talked about him at the meeting.,Join them into one sentence.,The man _is from Beijing University.=The man about _I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.,whom,(who/whom/that)I talked about at the meeting,但是遇到固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置。,Is this the book(which/that)you are looking for?,Filling blanks:,1.The man _ you shook hands just now is our headmaster.2.The room _ my family live used to be a garage.,with whom,in which,Eric received training in computer for one year,_he found a job in big company.07 辽宁 A.after that B.after whichC.after it D.after this,The book was written in 1946,_the education system has witnessed great changes.07 山东A.when B.during whichC.since then D.since when,考点三 Whose 用法及转换形式,1.whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。Thats the child whose father is a teacher.,Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor?This is a book whose cover is green.,2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。,3.whose的先行词指物时,可用of which代替,但词序不同，即whose+名词=the+n.+of which=of which+the+n.,He lives in the room whose window faces south.,=He lives in the room,_ faces south.,=He lives in the room,_faces south.,the window of which,of which the window,考点四：as与which引导的定语从句,两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。1.当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。e.g.This is such an easy question as I can answer.This is such an easy question that I can answer it.This is the same knife as I lost.This is the same knife that I lost.2.as 引导的从句可以放在句首,as 本身有“正如.正象”之意，与之连用的词有 know,see,expect,announce,point out 等。e.g.As we all know,the earth is round.,1._ was natural,he married Jenny.A.Which B.That C.This D.As2.Such signs _ we use in the experiment _ Greek letters.A.as,are B.as,is C.that,are D.that,is3._has been said above,grammar is a set of dead rules.A.Which B.What C.That D.As4.We do the same work _they do.A.which B.as C.than D.like,Anyone _breaks the law is punished.Those _ break the law are punished.He _ breaks the law is punished.,在anyone,those,he/she/I/they作先行词时,用“who”代替“that”.,考点五:that 与who的区别,who,who,who,选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：1.先行词2.关系词在从句中充当的成分,做主语，宾语，定语用,做状语用,关系代词,关系副词,考点六:如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词？,I will never forget the day _ I first went to school.I will never forget the day_ we spent in Beijing.The house _ we visited is being repaired now.The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.,when,(which/that),(which/that),where,考点七:定语从句中主谓一致问题 定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。1.I am not one who _afraid of difficulty2.Don t choose me,who _not fit for this job,is,am,3.This is one of the best books _.A.that have ever been written B.that has ever been written C.that has written D.that have written4.She is not the only one of the girls _ well in class.A.which sings B.who sing C.who sings D.who to sing,1 After graduation she reached the point in her career _ she needed to decide what to do.(07 江西)A that B what C which D where 2 Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.(08 江西)A where B when C who D which,在定语从句中，当先行词为point,case,stage situation,activity,race,job 等,而且从句缺状语时，通常用关系副词where引导.,1 It was along the Mississippi River _ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.(08 天津)A how B which C that D where2 It was the Mississippi River,_ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.A how B which C that D where,定语从句与强调句的区分：强调句去掉it is/was.that后，句子仍然成立，that 在句中不充当成分。,1 They will fly to Washington,_they plan to stay for two or three days.(08 重庆)A where B there C which D when2 Tomorrow is Toms birthday.Have you got any idea _the party is to be held?(08 陕西)A what B which C that D where3 Youd better not leave the medicine _ kids can get it.(08 山东)A even if B which C where D so that,定语从句与其它从句的区分：,1定语从句，2同位语从句，3地点状语从句。,1.通读全句，首先判断是什么句型。2.题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。3.分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中，缺什么，就补什么：缺主或宾语，用关系代词；缺状语，用关系副词。4.注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连词and,but等。,解题思路,感悟真题经典,1.The road conditions there turned out to be very good,_ was more than we could expect.(08 全国）A.it B.what C.which D.that,2.Ill give you my friends home address,_ I can be reached most evenings.(08 北京卷）A.which B.when C.whom D.where,3.The man pulled out a gold watch,_were made of small diamonds.(2008陕西卷)A.the hands of whom B.whom the hands of C.which the hands of D.the hands of which,4.We went through a period _ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.(2008上海）Which B.whose C.in which D.with which,5.The Science Museum,_we visited during a recent trip to Britain,is one of Londons tourist attractions.（2008江苏卷）A.which B.what C.thatD.where,6.For many cities in the world,there is no room to spread out further,_New York is an example.A.for which B.in which C.of which D.from which,7.The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors,_ are beyond our control.(2008湖南卷)A.most of them B.most of which C.most of what D.most of that,8.All the neighbor admire this family _the parents are treating their child like a friend.（2008安徽卷）A.why B.where C.which D.that,9.By nine oclock,all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma,_ appeared a rare rainbow soon.（2008福建）A.of which B.on which C.from which D.above which,10.They will fly to Washington,_ they plan to stay for two or three days.（2008重庆）A.where B.there C.which D.when,完成活页卷单项填空专题卷（九）,Homework,1.Is this factory _ we visited last week?,D,Is this the factory _ we visited last Week?,A、where B、thatC、to which D、the one,B,解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。,Exercises,2.Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used.,A、whereB、thatC、of whomD、which,A,先行词是situation,case,scene时，一般用where,最佳选择则是in which,3.She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.,A、when B、whatC、which D、why,C,She will never forget the day_ she stayed with him in Beijing.,A,5.The college wont take anyone _ eyesight is weak.,A、who B、whoseC、of whom D、which,B,6.Those _ to take part in the game write down your names.,A、who B、who wantC、who wants D、what,B,7.I dont like English,_ grammar I am not interested.I dont like English,_ grammar is difficult to learn.I like this house,_ doorway is just enough to get.I like this house,_ doorway is small.A.in which B.which C.through whose D.whose,A,B,C,D,8.I，_ your good friend,will try my best to help you out.,A、who is B、what is C、what am D、who am,D,9.Which of the two cows _ you keep produces more milk?,A、which B、thatC、what D、as,B,10.His walking stick,_ he cant walk,was lost yesterday.,A、thatB、with whichC、whichD、without which,D,11.This is the same pen _I lost yesterday.A.as B.that C.the one D.A&B,D,比较：.the same pen as I lost.the same pen that I lost.,表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，不一定就是,则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支.,12._is mentioned above,the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.A.Which B.As C.What D.That,B,13.Ill tell you _ he told me last night.A.all which B.all whatC.that all D.all,D,14.How do you like the book?Its quite different from _ I read last month.A.that B.which C.the one D.the one what,C,15.There are three libraries in our school,_ were built five years ago.,A、all of themB、either of themC、all of whichD、both of that,C,16.I bought some books from the bookstore,five _were English novels.,A.of which B.whichC.that D.in which,A,名词/代词/数词+of+which/whom引导非限定性定语从句,17.Here are players from Japan,some of _ are our old friends.Here are some players from Japan and some of _ are our old friends.A.which B.that C.whom D.them,非限制性定语从句,并列句,C,D,1It is in this village，_Mary was born 35 years ago，_she will build her first school，_inspires everyone to help her.Athat;when;which Bwhere;that;whichCthat;that;that Dwhere;when;that【解析】B考查句子结构分析。第一空引导的是一个定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，所以用where，第二空构成it isthat强调结构，第三空引导一个非限制性定语从句，指代前面提到的一件事情，所以要用which。,2.2010江西卷 The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _ she would stay for an hour.Awhere Bwho Cwhich Dwhat【解析】A考查定语从句。关系副词where引导的定语从句，在从句中作状语。,专题十 实战演练,32010重庆卷 In China，the number of cities is increasing _ development is recognized across the world.Awhere BwhichCwhose Dthat【解析】C考查定语从句关系词。这里是一个分割定语从句，先行词cities和定语从句被谓语is increasing分隔开，表示“城市的发展”，故应用whose作定语。,专题十 实战演练,42009江西卷 The house I grew up_ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.Ain it Bin Cin that Din which【解析】B考查定语从句。还原后应为The house(which/that)I grew up in 主语后面紧跟的是定语从句。,专题十 实战演练,5.TVTurnoff Week，_millions of people around the world participate every year,tries to encourage people to turn on life.Ain which Bon which Cwhich Dwhen【解析】A考查定语从句中“介词十关系词”的用法。句意为：关闭电视周，每年世界各地数百万的人都在做，旨在鼓励人们注重生活。从句中谓语动词participate是不及物动词，常与介词in连用表示“参与”的意思，相当于take part in，选A。,62010江苏卷 The newlybuilt cafe，the walls of _ are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work.Athat Bit Cwhat Dwhich【解析】D本题考查定语从句。先行词为cafe，此处the walls of which可以变化成“whose walls”，在从句中作主语。,7.Nowadays,when people talk about magicians,the first one _comes into their mind is Liu Qian.Awhere Bwhich Cthat Dwhat【解析】C定语从句先行词为the first one8.2009四川卷 Shell never forget her stay there _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.Athat Bwhich Cwhere Dwhen【解析】D考查定语从句的用法。her stay为先行词，可以理解为抽象的一段时间(她呆在那里期间)，when指代her stay，在定语从句中作时间状语。,92009全国卷 My friend showed me round the town，_was very kind of him.Awhich Bthat Cwhere Dit【解析】A考查非限制性定语从句，这里的which指代前面整句话内容。,专题十 实战演练,102009江苏卷 _is known to us is that the old doctor,for_ life was hard in the past,still works very hard in his late life.AAs;whom BWhat;whomCIt;whose DAs;whose【解析】B考查主语从句及定语从句。第一空是由what引导的主语从句，what is known to us is that也是固定结构；第二空学生很容易会错选whose，后半句还原为：life was hard for him，所以用介词whom。,专题十 实战演练,11.Sun Valley raised and processed about a million chickens,_up to half went to McDonalds.A.in which B.for which Cwith which Dof which【解析】D在定语从句中，of which up to half up to half of which up to half of the chickens。12Take an active part in the activities you enjoy _you can make many friends.Awhere Bwhen Cthat Dwhat【解析】A考查定语从句关系词的选择。先行词为the activities，在从句中作抽象的地点状语,13We recommend that our human beings treat the nature with the same care _we give to our eyes.Athat Bwhich Cas Dwhat【解析】C考查定语从句引导词的用法。若先行词有the same修饰，其后定语从句则用that或as引导。that表示同一个，as表示同类中的一个但不是同一个。根据题意可知应用as。,专题十 实战演练,14The film started to get boring,at _ point I left the cinema accompanied by my twin sister.Athis Bthat Cthe Dwhich【解析】D本题考查非限制性定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作定语。15After graduation Id like to find a job _I can use what I have learnt at school.Awhose Bwhich Cwhere Dthat【解析】C本题考查定语从句。根据语境可知，毕业后想找一份学有所用的工作。由于定语从句中成分齐全，故C项正确，where在句中作地点状语。,16I admire my English teacher.I can remember very few occasions _ she stopped working because of her illness.Athat Bwhen Cwho Dwhich【解析】B本题考查定语从句。本句中定语从句的先行词是occasions，“时刻”的意思。句意为：我尊敬我的英语老师。我记得没有什么时候她会因为生病而停止工作。选B。,专题十 实战演练,17Though it is 30 years _ we last met,I still remember the scene _ we got separated on a rainy day.Abefore;where Bbefore;whichCsince;when Dsince;where【解析】D考查时间状语从句和定语从句。“it is/has been一段时间since从句”为固定句型，表示自从上次干某事到现在有多长时间了；scene作先行词且定语从句中需要的是地点状语，故用where或in which引导定语从句。,专题十 实战演练,Thank you!,Translation,1.这就是那位帮助我的人。2.你昨天见到的史密斯夫人是我的一个朋友。3.你认识一个叫王雨的人吗？,This is the man who helped me.,Mrs.Smith whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.,Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu?,4.我收到的那份礼物是我哥送的。5.他在我出去的那个星期来我家了。6.请给我解释一下你不辞而别的理由好吗？,The present that/which I received was from my brother.,He came to my home during the week when I was out.,Could you please give me a reason why you left without a word?,Homework：1.Make the difference between The Attributive Clause and The Appositive Clause.2.Find out the difference between The Attributive Clause and The Adverbial Clause.,Beijing is the city that/which has got the chance to host the 2008 Olympic Games.,Beijing,the city,get the chance to host the 2008 Olympic Games.,近三年高考各地考查定语从句的情况:,语法知识,定语从句,Grammar,English is a bridge to the world.,