《定语从句整》PPT课件.ppt

Do you know the gentleman who/that shook hands with me yesterday?分析：关系代词作主语，指人。,Do you know the gentleman(who/whom/that)I shook hands withyesterday?分析：关系代词作宾语，指人，可以省略。,Do you know the gentleman with whom I shook hands yesterday?分析：本句是带介词的定语从句，关系代词作宾语，指人，不可省略。,I will never forget the day on which/when I joined the army.,关系副词：when,where,why,This is the factory in which/where my father once worked.,This is the way in which/that/省he spoke.以。方式,This is the reason why/for which he was late again.。的理由,This is how he spoke.表语从句,This is why he was late again.表语从句,This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.,特殊结构：,这个包和我昨天掉的包很像。,This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.,这个包就是我昨天掉的。,As is known to all,作主语As we all know,作宾语he is the best student in our class.(as指代整个句子，作主语，置于句首),It is known to all that he is the best student in our class.,Taiwan is,as you know,an inseparable part of China.,准关系代词：as,Ive never seen such a clever man as he is.从没见过像/如他那样聪明的人。（定语从句）I will provide you with such things as you may need.我要提供给你一些你可能用的着的东西。（定语从句）,They talked in such simple English that children could understand.结果状语从句,Such people as were mentioned by him were honest.（as 作主语）,Mybrotherwhois18yearsoldisacollegestudentMybrother,whois18yearsold,isacollegestudent.,我18岁的那个弟弟是大学生。,我弟弟是大学生,今年18岁。,第一句中，限制性定语从句限制了先行词的意义，明确是18岁的那个弟弟（而不是其他的，即有可能还有几个弟弟）。第二句使用了非限制性定语从句，表明可能只有一个弟弟，18岁，起补充说明作用。,非限制性定语从句,定语从句有限制性和非限制性定语从句两种。一般地说，限制性定语从句用来限制先行词的意义，与先行词关系密切，是整个句子不可缺少的一部分，否则会造成全句意义不明确。而非限制性定语从句带有补充说明的性质，与先行词之间存在一种松散的修饰关系，去掉后一般不会影响句子的主要意义。概括起来，两者有如下区别：1）形式不同：限制性定语从句常紧跟其先行词，中间不用逗号隔开；而非限制性定语从句与先行词之间常用逗号隔开。,Beijing,which is the capital of China,is rich in its culture and historic relics(遗迹).,如果先行词是专有名词或独一无二的人或物，通常用非限制性定语从句。,Hismother,wholovedhimverymuch,diedin1818.最爱他的母亲于1818年去世了。,IliketochatwithJack,whoisacleverboy.我喜欢和杰克聊天，他是个聪明人。,Whenhewas17,hewenttoatechnicalschoolinZurich,Switzerland,wherehestudiedmathsandphysics.17岁那年，他到瑞士的苏黎士一家技校上学，在那儿他学习了数学和物理。,先行词不同：限制性定语从句的先行词通常是名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词除名词或代词外，还可以是整个主句（此时，常用which或as引导从句）。Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需要的只是一些油而已。CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,whichpersonallyIdoubtedverymuch.凯罗尔说工作可在10月前完工，这一点我个人深感怀疑。Ashasbeenannounced,weshallhaveourfinalexamsnextweek.(2003上海春)我们将于下周举行期末考试，这一点刚才已经宣布了。句中as是关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面整个主句的内容。,在限制性定语从句中，关系代词如果充当从句的宾语可以省略；Isthisthebook(that/which)youarelookingfor?这就是你要找的那本书吗？（关系代词that/which充当从句的宾语，可以省略）,而非限制性定语从句中的关系代词是不能省的。Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,whichwehadntexpected.实验的结果非常好，这简直出乎我们的意料。(关系代词which在从句中充当expect的宾语，但因为引导的是非限制性定语从句，所以不能省略),译法不同,：把句子翻译成汉语时，限制性定语从句中，通常先译从句后译先行词；而非限制性定语从句中则往往相反。Wearelivinginanagewhenmanythingsaredoneoncomputer.(2003北京春)我们生活在一个许多工作都由电脑来完成的时代。Wewillbeshownaroundthecity:school,museumsandsomeotherplaces,whereothervisitorsseldomgo.(2002北京)我们将被带去参观全市各地：包括学校、博物馆和其它场所，那些其它游客很少去的地方。,要点,表示“补充说明”常用“，”隔开连词不用that连词不能省略which在句中可以指代前面整个句子 As在句首指代整个句子,关系代词which 和 as 的区别,1.Which引导的从句不能放在主句前，而as引导的从句则既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后。,As is often he case,he is absent.Which is often the case,he is absent,He saw the girl,as he had hoped,He saw the girl,which he had hoped,He is a foreigner,as I know from his accent.He has to work on Sundays,which he doesnt like.,As 和 which 都可以指代一个句子，但as 有“正如”，“就像”之意，which 则没此含义。,正如预料的那样，比赛棒极了。,The match was wonderful,as we had expected,众所周知，台湾是中国的一部分。,As we all know,Taiwan is a part of China.,As is known to all,Taiwan is a part of China.,她嫁给了他，这是出乎预料的。,She married him,which was unexpected.,Dont read such books as you cant understand.,He is not such a fool as he looks.,他貌似憨傻，实则不然。,as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那样as often happens 正如经常发生的那样。as we(all)know as is known to all/us 众所周知as has been said before 如前所说as has been pointed out 正如已所指出的as mentioned above 如上所述as is reported in the newspaper 如报纸所报道的,He married her,as/which was/seemed natural.,He saw the girl,as/which delighted him.,在非限中，当从句的谓语动词是be 或相当于连系动词的seem,become 等时可用as 或which 作主语。但当从句的谓语是行为动词时，只能用which作主语。,The bridge is wonderful,as is shown in the picture.The bridge is wonderful,as shown in the picture.,在非限中，当从句时由：”as+be+过去分词“构成时，可省略“be”。which 则无此结构,准关系代词but的用法,There is no one but knows the importance of learning English.,There is no one who doesnt know the importance of learning English.,There are few books but have a misprint or two.There are few books that dont have a misprint or two.,but：1.本身含有否定意义=which/who/that not 2.but 的先行词是否定意义的代词或名词词组-双重否定 3.这一用法常见于从句中作主语，谓语动词的单复数要与先行词一致，时态于主句呼应,1.人类登上的月球的那一刻使许多人都激动了。2.这就是大批观众参加时装表演秀的理由。3.我永远也不会忘记你提到的那一天。4.我永远也不会忘记经历地震的那一时刻。5.我参观了他最近买的房子。6.我参观了鲁迅的故居。7.老板认为玛丽告诉他的理由不是真的。8.老板认为玛丽不来上班的理由不是真的。9.外科医生列出一系列的理由为什么他们应该给予优厚的待遇。10.他向我们解释的那个理由不是真的,11.我们一起旅游到伦敦，在哪里我们又分开了。12.他不参加我们的晚会，这使我们很失望。,The moment when man landed on the moon excited millions of peopleThat was the reason a large audience attended the fashion show.Ill never forget the day that you mentioned.Ill never forget the moment when I experienced the earthquake.I visited the house which he had bought recentlyI visited the house where Luxun once lived.The boss didnt think the reason that Mary gave him was true.The boss didnt think the reason why Mary was absent from work was true.Surgeons list many reasons why they should be well paid for their work.The reason which he explained to us is not true at all.,11.We travelled together to London,where we parted.12.He didnt take part in our party,which disappointed us.,